RY' 


O  F     T  H  E 


E'.Ar-lGEUCAL  Lutheran  Sy^od 


and    /VVJNJb  I  ri-Kluf 


i      I  K.T    A 


REV.  G.   D.    BERNHEIM,  D.   D 


REV.   GEORGE    H.   COX,  D.   D. 


THE   HISTORY 


Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod 
and  Ministerium 


NORTH  CAROLINA, 


IN   COMMEMORATION  OF   THE  COMPLETION  OF  THE  FIRST 
CENTURY   OF    ITS   EXISTENCE. 


G.  D.  BERNHEIM,  D.  D.,  and  GEORGE  H.  COX,  D.  D. 


"  Remember  the  days  of old,  consider  the  years  of  -many  generations  :  ask 

Ihy  father,  and  he  will  skew  thee  ;  thy  elders,  and  they  will  tell  thee." 

(Deuteronomy  xxxii.  7. ) 


1902. 
PUBLISHED    FOR   THE   SYNOD 

BY   THE 

LUTHERAN  PUBLICATION  SOCIETY, 
PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Copyright,  1902, 

BY 

G.  D.  Bernheim  and  George  H.  Cox. 

In  trust  for 

The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  and  Ministerium 

of  North  Carolina. 


PREFACE. 

It  was  no  self-assumed  undertaking  that  the  authors  of  this 
History  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod  prepared  this  book  for 
publication.  They  were  appointed  so  to  do  by  the  Synod,  as 
early  as  1897,  in  order  that  it  might  be,  when  completed,  an 
appropriate  memorial  volume  for  the  Synod's  approaching  cen- 
tenary anniversary,  in  1903. 

It  has  been  a  very  pleasant,  though  by  no  means  an  easy,  task 
to  collect  the  material  and  write  the  history  of  this,  the  third 
oldest  Lutheran  Synod  in  America,  and  the  Mother  Synod  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  the  South. 

Many  difficulties  presented  themselves  in  the  prosecution  of 
the  work,  chiefly  the  meagreness  of  early  records,  necessitating 
much  searching  and  extensive  correspondence  in  collecting  re- 
liable facts.  Time  and  labor  have  been  unstintedly  employed ; 
no  pains  were  spared  in  consulting  every  book  and  document 
available  to  us  that  was  likely  to  furnish  any  desired  information 
on  the  subject. 

We  herewith  cheerfully  acknowledge  our  indebtedness  to 
"Bernheim's  History  of  the  German  Settlements  and  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  the  Carolinas,"  "  Hazelius'  American  Lu- 
theran Church,"  "Saunders'  Colonial  Records"  in  the  Wil- 
mington, N.  C,  Library,  "Mann's  Halle  Reports,"  the 
"Helmstaedt  Reports,"  "  Rumple' s  History  of  Rowan 
County,"  and  last,  but  not  least,  the  entire  set  of  the  printed 
Minutes  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  from  1S03  to  the  present 

time. 

With  just  and  generous  appreciation  of  what  other  Synods 
have  accomplished,  we  feel  assured  that  all  who  read  these  pages 
will  be  convinced  that,  under  Divine  blessing,  the  North  Caro- 
lina Synod  has  been  no  unimportant  factor  in  carrying  on  the 
work  of  the  great  Lutheran  Church  in  America. 


IV  PREFACE. 

If,  by  the  reading  of  this  History,  the  present  and  future 
members  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod  will  be  inspired  to  carry 
on  the  work  of  ministering  at  her  altars  with  the  pure  Word 
and  Sacraments,  and  extending  her  church  work  as  faithfully  as 
their  predecessors  have  done,  the  authors  will  be  fully  satisfied 
that  their  labor  has  not  been  in  vain. 

May  God's  blessing  rest  upon  this  History  of  our  time-honored 
Synod,  and  may  we  all  more  and  more  be  enabled  to  sing : 

"My  Church,  my  Church,  my  dear  old  Church; 
My  fathers'  and  my  own." 

G.  D.  Bernheim, 
George  H.  Cox. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

CHAPTER  I. 
Early  Colonial  History 9 


CHAPTER  II. 

The  Life  and  Labors  of  the  First  Lutheran  Ministers 

in  North  Carolina 12 

CHAPTER  III. 

The  Causes  That  Led  to  the  Organization  of  the  North 

Carolina  Synod 21 

CHAPTER  IV. 
Confessional  History  of  the  Synod 27 

CHAPTER  V. 
Territory  and  Growth  of  the  Synod 35 

CHAPTER  VI. 
The  Rupture  of  1S19  and  1S20 42 

CHAPTER  VII. 
The  License  System 52 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

The  Synod's  Connection  With  the  General  Bodies  of 

the  Church 5S 

CHAPTER  IX. 
The  Educational  Work  of  the  Synod 64 


VI  CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

CHAPTER  X. 

The  Catechetical  and  Sunday   School  Work   of   the 

Synod 75 

CHAPTER  XI. 
Miscellaneous  Matters  of  Interest 79 

CHAPTER  XII. 
The  Missionary  Operations  of  the  Synod 85 

CHAPTER  XIII. 
Retrospective  and  Prospective 94 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

Sketches  of  All  Congregations  Now  Connected  With 

the  Synod 98 

CHAPTER  XV. 
Noteworthy  Transactions  of  Synod 155 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

A  Tabulated  Sketch  of  Every  Minister  That  Has  Ever 

Been  Connected  With  the  Synod 164 

CHAPTER  XVII. 

The  Growth  of  the  Synod  in  the  Number  of  Its  Min- 
isters       178 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 
A  Summary  of  Parochial  Reports 180 

CHAPTER  XIX. 
A  Summary  of  Financial  Reports 182 


CONTENTS.  Vll 

PAGE 

CHAPTER  XX. 

A  Table  Showing  When  and  Where  the  Different  Syn- 
odical  Meetings  Were  Held 184 

CHAPTER  XXI. 
The  Officers  of  Synod 188 

CHAPTER  XXII. 

A  Table  Showing  the  Work  of  the  Board  of  Church 

Extension 190 

CHAPTER  XXIII. 

A  Table  Showing  the  Statistics  of  the  Woman's  Home 

and  Foreign  Missionary  Society 191 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D Frontispiece 

Rev.  George  H.  Cox,  D.  D Facing  frontispiece 

Julia  Carolina  University,  Helmstedt,  Germany,  where 

Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch  was  Educated 17 

Rev.  Daniel  J.  Hauer,  D.  D 55 

Rev.  Daniel  I.  Dreher 61 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 67 

North  Carolina  College,  Ml  Pleasant,  N.  C 71 

Mont  Amoena  Female  Seminary,  Mt.  Pleasant,  N.  C . . . .  72 

Rev.  Jacob  Scherer 87 

Rev.  Paul  Henkel  and  Wife 88 

Organ  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  Rowan  County, 

N.  C 119 

St.  John's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  Salisbury,  N.  C.  126 

St.    John's    Evangelical    Lutheran    Church,    Cabarrus 

County,  N.  C 129 

St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  Wilmington, 

N.  C 134 

St.  Mark's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  and  Parson- 
age, Charlotte,  N.  C 143 

St.  James'  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  Concord,  N.  C.  146 


HISTORY 


Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


CHAPTER  I. 

EARLY    COLONIAL    HISTORY. 


The  history  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  North 
Carolina  naturally  begins  with  the  history  of  the  first  Lutheran 
settlements  in  that  wilderness,  then  but  recently  vacated  by  the 
Indians,  now  known  as  the  Piedmont  section  of  North  Carolina. 

Early  records  of  colonization  are  few,  difficult  to  find,  and, 
when  found,  meagre  in  the  narrative  of  facts  that  we  most  desire 
to  know.  But  careful  research  makes  it  tolerably  certain  that 
the  first  German  settlements  in  the  Piedmont  section  were  made 
in  those  localities  now  known  as  Rowan  and  Cabarrus  Counties, 
about  the  year  1747.  "Saunders'  Colonial  Records"  state 
that,  in  the  year  1755,  Governor  Arthur  Dobbs  visited  these 
localities  and  found  twenty-two  families  of  Germans  and  Swiss, 
who  had  settled  there  some  seven  or  eight  years  previously,  that 
is,  about  1747. 

This  antedates  the  settlement  of  the  Moravians  in  that  part  of 
the  State  now  known  as  Forsythe  and  other  counties,  as  we  learn 
from  the  life  of  their  bishop,  Spangenberg,  who  began  the  first 

(9)  ^ 


IO  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

survey  of  the  Wachovia  tract  in  1752,  preparatory  to  the  settle- 
ment of  the  Moravian  colony,  in  1753. 

These  families,  the  children  and  descendants  of  the  original 
German  settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  had  left  their  homes  and  their 
kindred  in  search  of  farm  lands  that  could  be  more  easily  ac- 
quired than  in  the  older  settlements.  No  doubt  news  of  their 
success  had  been  carried  back  to  their  relatives,  friends,  and 
neighbors,  and  very  soon,  during  the  years  that  immediately 
followed,  the  emigrant  wagon  train  of  these  hardy  Germans 
wound  its  way  down  the  Cumberland  Valley  of  Pennsylvania, 
through  the  Shenandoah  Valley  of  Virginia,  over  the  rugged 
steeps  of  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains,  into  the  inviting  forest 
lands  of  North  Carolina. 

"  These  German  settlers  were  all  industrious,  economical,  and 
thrifty  farmers,  not  afraid  nor  ashamed  of  hard  labor,  and  were 
soon  blessed  with  an  abundance  of  everything  which  the  fertile 
soil  and  temperate  climate  of  that  portion  of  North  Carolina 
could  furnish  them.  As  they  were  all  agriculturists,  they  gen- 
erally avoided  settling  themselves  in  towns ;  uninformed  in  the 
ways  of  the  world,  ignorant  of  the  English  language,  and  un- 
acquainted with  the  shrewdness  necessary  for  merchandising, 
yet  well  informed  in  their  own  language  and  well  read  in  their 
Bibles  and  other  devotional  German  books,  they  remained  at 
their  own  country  homes,  and  enriched  themselves  with  the  pro- 
ductions of  the  soil."  * 

The  country  to  which  they  had  come  was  an  unexplored  and 
almost  impenetrable  wilderness,  in  which  many  wild  animals 
still  were  found,  and  which  had  but  very  recently  been  inhab- 
ited by  none  but  the  wild  red  man  of  the  forest. 

The  new  colonists  had  before  them  very  much  hard  work  to 
be  done,  with  nothing  but  their  own  strength  and  skill  to  ac- 
complish it.  Forests  were  to  be  felled  ;  the  wilderness  of  nature 
to  be  subdued  ;  the  ground  to  be  cultivated  ;  the  wild  animals 
of  the  forest  to  be  conquered  ;  homes,  school-houses,  and 
churches  to  be  reared  ;  and  all  the  many  things  necessary  to 
make  a  home  in  the  wilderness. 

*  Bernheim's  History. 


EARLY    COLONIAL    HISTORY.  I  I 

Prominent  among  their  noble  qualities  was  their  religion  ; 
and  hence,  amidst  their  homes,  they  built  their  churches  and 
organized  their  congregations.  St.  John's,  in  Salisbury;  Zion, 
commonly  called  Organ  Church,  on  Second  Creek,  Rowan 
County  ;  and  St.  John's,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  in  Cabarrus  County, 
were  the  original  mother-churches.  These  congregations  were 
organized  and  their  primitive  houses  of  worship  were  erected 
very  nearly  about  the  same  time.  Their  people  were  as  one 
family.  With  the  exception  of  Rev.  Nussman,  who  died  in  1794, 
their  first  pastors  were  the  original  organizers  of  the  Synod, 
and  the  members  of  these  congregations  its  bone  and  sinew. 

For  many  long  years  they  were  without  regular  pastors,  having 
only  the  services  of  such  preachers  as  might  happen  to  pass 
through  the  country.  In  the  older  settlements,  from  which  they 
had  emigrated,  there  were  but  few  Lutheran  ministers,  and  none 
at  all  to  spare.  In  America,  at  that  early  period,  there  were 
no  schools  or  seminaries  for  the  education  and  training  of  min- 
isters of  their  faith,  and  hence  the  only  source  from  which  to 
obtain  pastors  was  the  mother-church,  in  Germany,  necessitat- 
ing a  tedious  and  dangerous  voyage  in  a  sailing  vessel  across  the 
ocean.  Thither  they  turned,  and  with  blessed  results,  for  in 
1773  came  their  first  regular  pastor,  the  Rev.  Adolphus  Nuss- 
man. Accompanying  him  was  the  school  teacher,  J.  Gottfried 
Arends  (Arndt),  who,  two  years  later,  was  ordained  to  the 
Gospel  ministry. 

Then  again,  in  1788,  came  the  Rev.  Carl  August  Gottlieb 
Storch,  in  response  to  a  call  from  Nussman  for  help  in  his  work. 
These  labored  sedulously,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  not  only 
in  the  congregations  of  which  they  were  pastors,  but  reaching 
out  in  all  directions,  traveling  thousands  of  miles,  through 
mountains  and  valleys,  in  all  seasons  of  the  year,  covering  an 
immense  territory,  organizing  congregations  wherever  it  was 
possible  ;  selecting,  fitting,  and  preparing  young  men  for  the 
Gospel  ministry,  ordaining  them  to  the  same,  and  thus  laying 
the  foundations  of  the  great  work  that  has  followed  them,  and 
that  stands  to-day  as  a  lasting  monument. to  their  ability,  wisdom, 
and  faithfulness. 


CHAPTER    II. 

THE     LIFE    AND    LABORS    OF    THE    FIRST    LUTHERAN    MINISTERS     IN 
NORTH    CAROLINA. 

The  immigration  of  German  Lutherans  to  America  began 
about  the  year  1680  ;  the  account  of  the  Swedish  and  Dutch 
Lutherans  not  being  included  in  this  history.  In  a  few  years 
they  made  permanent  settlements  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania, 
Virginia,  Delaware,  and  North  Carolina.  Most  of  them  had 
left  the  old  Fatherland  because  of  religious  persecutions,  and  had 
come  to  the  newly  colonized  country  in  search  of  freedom  to 
worship  God.  They  were,  generally,  very  destitute  in  the 
things  of  this  world,  many  of  them  being  so  impoverished  by 
the  war  of  the  Spanish  Succession  as  to  be  dependent  upon  the 
charity  of  Queen  Anne  of  England,  and  the  liberality  of  others, 
for  both  their  passage  across  the  ocean  and  for  their  sustenance 
for  a  time  after  arriving  in  America. 

Very  few  pastors  of  their  own  faith  came  with  them,  so  that 
for  long  and  wearisome  years  most  of  them  were  without  any 
religious  privileges,  and  their  children  without  the  opportunities 
of  securing  an  education. 

The  beginnings  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  America  were  very 
small.  The  few  pastors  that  were  located  here  were  men  of 
ability,  of  strong  faith  and  much  physical  endurance,  but  they 
could  not  cultivate  the  immense  field,  "White  to  the  harvest," 
that  was  spread  out  before  them.  The  demands  upon  them  were 
greater  than  they  could  possibly  meet,  and  hence  constant  ap- 
peals were  sent  to  the  mother-church  in  the  Fatherland,  the  only 
source  from  which  help  could  come.  But  it  was  a  long,  weari- 
some, and  hazardous  journey  across  the  ocean  in  those  days,  and 
pastors  who  were  willing  to  leave  home  and  friends  and  sever 
the  ties  of  relationship,  and  then  undertake  the  long  journey  to 
labor  in  the  wilderness  of  America,  were  not  easily  to  be  found. 

(12) 


LIFE    AND    LABORS    OF    THE    FIRST    LUTHERAN"    MINISTERS.      1 3 

Hence,  although  the  population  of  the  newly  established  col- 
onies rapidly  increased,  both  by  natural  growth  and  by  immi- 
gration, the  increase  of  pastors  was  not  in  like  proportion. 

Before  the  Revolutionary  War  there  were  in  the  whole  terri- 
tory now  occupied  by  the  United  States  very  few  Lutheran 
ministers,  probably  not  more  than  twenty-five,  serving  congre- 
gations that  were  scattered  all  the  way  from  Maine  to  Georgia. 
In  North  Carolina,  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century,  the 
German  settlers  were  without  any  regular  pastors,  and  were  de- 
pendent for  the  occasional  administration  of  the  Word  and  sacra- 
ments upon  any  preacher  who  might  happen  to  pass  through  the 
country. 

Their  school  teachers  would  occasionally  read  a  sermon  for 
them,  bury  their  dead,  and,  in  extreme  cases,  baptize  their  chil- 
dren, but  the  congregations  were  wholly  without  regular  pastoral 
care  during  all  those  years. 

Then,  in  1772,  after  careful  and,  no  doubt,  prayerful  consid- 
eration, Organ  Church,  of  Rowan  County,  and  St.  John's 
Church,  of  Mecklenburg  (now  Cabarrus)  County,  after  having 
unsuccessfully  tried  to  secure  a  pastor  from  the  older  settlements 
in  Pennsylvania,  determined  to  send  a  delegation  to  the  Father- 
land to  appeal  to  their  countrymen  and  brethren  in  the  faith  to 
send  them  a  pastor,  school  teacher,  and  such  pecuniary  assist- 
ance as  they  needed  to  sustain  them  in  order  that  they  might 
have  the  Bread  of  Life  broken  to  them  in  their  own  language, 
and  by  a  pastor  of  their  own  faith,  and  also  that  their  children 
might  be  instructed  in  the  ways  of  righteousness,  as  well  as  to 
be  taught,  at  least,  the  rudiments  of  a  literary  education. 

Accordingly,  Christopher  Rintleman  of  Organ  Church,  and 
Christopher  Layerly  of  St.  John's  Church,  two  brave,  honest, 
and  consecrated  men  of  God,  representing  sixty  families,  un- 
dertook the  long  and  hazardous  journey,  at  their  own  expense. 
Leaving  their  homes  in  1772.  they  traveled,  on  horseback,  to 
Charleston,  S.  C,  and  there  took  passage  to  Europe  in  an  ordi- 
nary sailing  vessel. 

In  the  execution  of  their  commission  they  first  visited  Lon- 
don, in  England,  and  then  went  to  Hannover,  in  Germany,  and 


14  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

so  earnestly  and  successfully  did  they  present  the  petition  of  their 
constituents  that  they  returned  in  1773,  bringing  with  them  the 
Rev.  Adolphus  Nussman,  as  their  pastor,  and  Mr.  John  Gott- 
fried Arends,  as  their  school  teacher,  besides  numerous  and 
valuable  gifts  to  their  congregations,  and  promises  of  continued 
financial  aid.  Thus  the  Rev.  Adolphus  Nussman  became  their 
first  pastor,  and  the  pioneer  minister  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in 
the  province  of  North  Carolina. 

Born  in  Germany,  in  1737,  he  was  just  in  the  prime  of  life. 
A  convert  from  Roman  Catholicism,  a  ripe  and  thorough  scholar, 
a  devoted  and  consecrated  Christian,  and  an  earnest  and  faithful 
preacher  of  the  Gospel,  he  soon  became  very  popular,  winning 
the  praise,  admiration,  and  love  of  all  who  knew  him.  For 
twenty-one  years,  reaching  through  the  stormy  period  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  he  was  instant  in  season  and  out  of  season, 
toiling  amidst  untold  trials  and  difficulties,  until  God  called  him 
up  higher.  He  was  buried  at  St.  John's  Church,  where,  for 
twenty  years,  he  had  been  the  zealous  and  faithful  pastor. 

Two  years  after  their  arrival,  that  is,  in  1775,  the  school 
teacher,  Arends,  was  examined  and  publicly  ordained  by  Rev. 
Joachim  Buelow,  of  South  Carolina.  The  ordination  took  place 
in  Organ  Church,  August  22d,  1775.  Thus  we  learn  that  the 
Rev.  Arends  was  the  first  Lutheran  minister  ever  ordained  in 
North  Carolina. 

These  two,  Nussman  and  Arends,  for  twelve  long  years, 
labored  together  throughout  the  territory  now  known  as  the 
counties  of  Rowan,  Cabarrus,  Lincoln,  Catawba,  Iredell,  Stokes, 
Davidson,  Guilford,  and  other  sections  of  the  country. 

Arends  was  the  second  pastor  of  Organ  Church,  succeeding 
Nussman  immediately  upon  his  ordination,  and  serving  the  con- 
gregation for  ten  years.  He  was  a  native  of  Gottingen,  in  Ger- 
many, and  when  he  came  to  America  was  about  thirty-two  years 
old.  He  was  fully  prepared  for  his  work  of  teaching,  as  is  at- 
tested by  the  credentials,  which  he  brought,  of  which  the  follow- 
ing is  a  translation  : 


LIFE    AND    LABORS    OF    THE    FIRST    LUTHERAN    MINISTERS. 


"  Certificate     of    John     Gottfried    Arends    as     School 
Teacher  to   North   Carolina,  October  i6th,  1772. 

"  Of  his  most  serene  Highness,  most  mighty  Prince  and 
Lord,  Lord  George  the  Third,  King  of  Great  Britain,  France, 
and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  Duke  of  Brunswick  and 
Liineburg,  Arch  Treasurer  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire,  and 
Elector,  etc.,  real  Privy  Counselor  and  authorized  President  of 
the  Royal  and  Electoral  Consistory  of  this  place,  also  of  the 
Counselors  of  the  Church  Consistory,  certifies  herewith  that 
the  bearer  of  this,  John  Gottfried  Arends,  of  Gottingen,  in 
compliance  with  the  desire  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  congre- 
gation in  North  Carolina,  namely,  in  Rowan  Countv,  to  have  a 
capable  school  teacher  ;  and  to  this  end,  according  to  the  at- 
testation of  the  Governor,  has  sent  deputies,  and  his  royal 
Majesty  and  Electoral  and  serene  Highness,  our  most  gracious 
Lord,  has  commanded  us  to  be  serviceable  to  them  ;  after  due 
examination  for  such  an  office,  found  him  to  be  experienced,  he 
also  having  promised,  according  to  the  custom  of  this  country 
and  the  published  appointment  for  a  future  school  teacher,  to 
conduct  his  office  with  all  fidelity  and  diligence,  and  manifest 
obedience  toward  his  pastor,  modesty  toward  the  congregation, 
and  love  for  the  children. 

"  On  the  other  hand,  we  do  not  doubt  that  the  congregation 
will  amply  remunerate  his  serviceable  labor,  and  make  his  stav, 
as  well  as  that  of  the  pastor,  agreeable. 

"  However,  should  he  desire  to  return,  and  be  able  to  do  so, 
then  we  promise  him  a  proportional  school  service  in  this 
country  according  to  the  measure  of  his  deportment  and  the 
time  of  his  service,  provided  he  has  labored  six  years,  at  least. 

"  In  testimony  whereof  we  have  affixed  the  royal  and  elec- 
toral seal  and  signature  of  the  Consistory. 

"Given  in  Hannover,  the  sixteenth  day  of  October,  1772. 

"  Respectfully, 

"  Kauff.  " 


(  LARGE  ) 
(.    SEAL,    j 


For  two  years  he  taught  the  children  of  the  congregation,  and 
then,  upon  the  request  of  the  congregation  and  with  the  ap- 
proval of  Pastor  Nussman,  was  ordained  to  the  Gospel  ministry, 


1 6  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

on  the  eleventh  Sunday  after  Trinity,  1775,  as  *s  attested  by  his 
ordination  certificate,  of  which  the  following  is  a  translation  : 

"  Second  Creek,  Rowan  County,  N.  C.         ] 

"August  28,  Anno  Christi,  1775,      r 

"Being  the  Eleventh  Sunday  after  Trinity.  J 

"  The  Rev.  Mr.  John  Gottfried  Arends  has  been  examined  by 
me,  the  Inspector  over  South  and  North  Carolina,  in  the  presence 
of  several  deacons,  and  thereupon  ordained  before  the  whole 
congregation,  at  their  request. 

"  The  above-mentioned  John  Gottfried  Arends  is  now,  from 
this  date,  a  regular  Evangelical  Lutheran  pastor  and  minister. 
We  recommend  him,  therefore,  to  the  kind  reception  of  all 
Christians  at  the  North,  and  heartily  wish  that  he  may,  as  a 
friend  of  the  Bridegroom,  bring  many  souls  to  the  marriage  sup- 
per of  the  Lamb,  and  wait  faithfully  upon  his  office  ;  also,  with 
exemplary  life  and  pure  doctrine,  bring  all  the  straying  and  de- 
ceived back  to  the  fold. 

"  This  witnesseth  out  of  love  for  the  truth  and  its  undoubted 
attestation. 

"Signed,  Joachim  Buelow, 

"  Missionary  and  Inspector  over  South  and  North  Carolina." 

During  his  ten  years'  service  as  pastor  of  Organ  Church,  he 
made  numerous  missionary  tours,  visiting  scattered  Lutherans, 
preaching  the  Word  to  them,  baptizing  their  children,  confirm- 
ing their  young  people,  and  organizing  congregations  wherever 
it  was  practicable.  But  his  chief  work  was  in  Rowan  County, 
until  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  when,  in  1785,  he  re- 
moved to  Lincoln  County  and  became  the  founder  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  all  of  that  territory  lying  west  of  the  Catawba 
River.  There  he  labored  unceasingly  until  July  9th,  1807, 
when,  being  sixty-six  years,  six  months,  and  twenty-eight  days 
of  age,  worn  and  weary  and  blind,  he  passed  triumphantly  over 
into  the  land  of  eternal  bliss,  leaving  as  legacy,  to  the  Church 
and  his  posterity,  an  enduring  reputation  for  piety,  humility,  and 
zeal. 

He  was  buried  beneath  the  old  "  Dutch  Meeting-house,"  in 
Lincolnton.  A  tombstone  marks  the  sacred  spot,  upon  which 
is  carved  an  easje,  thirteen  stars,  and  the  motto  of  the  then  new 


JULIA    CAROLINA    UNIVERSITY,    HELMSTEDT,   GERMANY,   WHERE 
REV.   C.   A.   G.   STORCH    WAS    EDUCATED. 


LIFE    AND    LABORS    OF    THE    FIRST    LUTHERAN    MINISTERS.       I  7 

Republic,  "E.  PluribusUnum,"  and  the  following  inscription,  in 
"  old  German  :" 

''Here  rests  the  body  of  the  Rev.  John  Gottfried  A  rends. 
Having  been  a  true  Evangelical  Preacher,  and  died  July  9th, 
1807,  at  the  age  of  sixty-six  years,  six  months,  and  twenty-eight 
days,  of  a  kind  of  consumptive  disease,  after  faithfully  ad- 
ministering the  office  of  preacher  for  thirty-two  years. 

"  '  Blessed  are  all  those  who  die,  like  thou  : 
They,  to  the  rest  of  heaven,  shall  come.' 

"  '  Remember,  man,  as  you  pass  by, 
As  you  are  now,  so  once  was  I  ; 
As  I  am  now  you  soon  shall  be, 

Therefore  prepare  to  follow  me.'  " 

The  Rev.  Charles  Augustus  Gottlieb  Storch  was  born,  edu- 
cated, and  ordained  in  Germany.  In  response  to  repeated  calls 
from  Nussman,  at  length,  in  17SS,  the  Helmstaedt  Missionary 
Society  sent  the  Rev.  Storch  to  his  assistance.  He  was  a  man 
of  remarkable  ability,  having  a  thorough  university  training,  a 
close  and  painstaking  student,  and  was  well  versed  in  all  ques- 
tions of  doctrine  and  Church  polity  then  claiming  the  at- 
tention of  the  Church.  For  forty-three  years  he  was  the  recog- 
nized leader  of  the  Church  in  the  South,  and  also  exerted  a 
strong  influence  in  other  parts  of  the  country.  Such  was  his 
scholarship  that  it  was  said  he  could  converse  fluently  in  five  or 
six  different  languages.  His  life  was  full  of  labors  for  the  Mas- 
ter, and  men  bestowed  high  honors  upon  him.  In  1 8 14  he  was 
called  to  St.  John's  Church,  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  but  he  de- 
clined the  call,  thereby  endearing  him  all  the  more  to  his  con- 
gregation in  Rowan  County.  He  died  March  27th,  1S31,  in 
the  full  triumphs  of  a  living  faith,  and  was  buried  in  Organ 
Church  graveyard. 

In  the  language  of  Dr.  Rumple,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  in 
his  "  History  of  Rowan  County,"  X.  C,  "  His  long  service  of 
more  than  forty  years,  including  the  critical  period  of  his 
people's  transition  from  the  use  of  the  German  to  the  use  of  the 
English  language,  did  much  to  preserve  Lutheranism  from  decay 
and  extinction  in  Rowan  County.      It  is  because  of  his  labors, 


15  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

doubtless,  that  the  Lutherans  are,  at  the  present  day,  equal  in 
numbers  to  all  other  denominations  together  in  this  county." 

In  the  year  1787  Rev.  Nussman's  heart  was  gladdened  in  be- 
ing permitted  to  welcome  another  laborer  into  the  mission  field 
of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  North  Carolina.  This  was  the  Rev. 
Christian  Eberhard  Bernhardt,  a  native  of  Stuttgart,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Wiirtemberg.  He  was  ordained  in  Wurtemberg, 
about  1785,  and  came  to  America  in  the  year  1786.  He  landed 
at  Savannah,  and  then  proceeded  to  Ebenezer,  Ga.,  where  he 
remained  twelve  months.  In  1787  he  went  to  Rowan  County, 
N.  C,  and  labored  among  the  churches  there  one  year,  doubt- 
less in  that  part  of  the  county  east  of  the  Yadkin  River,  now 
known  as  Davidson  County.  In  1788  he  took  charge  of  the 
congregations  in  Stokes  and  Forsythe  Counties,  which  had  been 
organized  and  frequently  visited  by  Rev.  Nussman.  Here  Rev. 
Bernhardt  was  married,  but  the  records  do  not  mention  the 
name  of  his  wife.  One  year  later  he  removed  to  Guilford 
County,  where  he  remained  to  the  close  of  the  year  1800,  when 
he  accepted  the  call  to  become  the  pastor  of  Zion's  and  several 
other  Lutheran  churches  in  Lexington  District,  S.  C.  There 
he  served  until  August  27th,  1809,  when  he  passed  over  the 
river  of  death  and  entered  into  the  land  of  eternal  rest.  He 
was  a  good  and  true  servant  of  the  Lord  and  did  faithful  work 
in  His  vineyard. 

Rev.  Arnold  Roschen  was  born,  educated,  ordained,  and 
married  in  the  city  of  Bremen,  Germany.  He  came  to  America 
in  1788,  arriving  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  on  the  twenty-eighth  day 
of  November.  He  remained  in  Charleston  ten  weeks  and  then 
spent  two  weeks  in  his  overland  trip  to  North  Carolina,  arriving 
February  20th,  1789.  His  work  was  in  Davidson  County  and 
his  home  was  near  Beck's  Church,  now  belonging  to  the  Ten- 
nessee Synod.  Very  little  is  known  of  him,  except  that  he  re- 
mained here  but  about  eleven  years,  returning  to  Germany  some 
time  in  1800. 

Rev.  Robert  Johnson  Miller  was  born  and  educated  in  Scot- 
land. He  came  to  America  in  1774,  one  year  after  the  arrival 
of  Revs.   Nussman  and  Arends.      He   located  in   Charlestown, 


LIFE    AND    LABORS    OF    THE    FIRST    LUTHERAN    MINISTERS.       1 9 

Mass.,  engaging  in  mercantile  business  until  the  opening  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  American  army. 
The  close  of  the  war  found  him  in  Virginia,  where,  in  1784,  he 
joined  the  Methodist  Church  and  was  licensed  as  a  Methodist 
preacher.  Laboring  as  such,  he  eventually  came  to  North  Caro- 
lina and  preached  in  some  of  the  western  counties.  About  the 
year  1786  he  became  lay  reader  for  the  Whitehaven  congrega- 
tion of  Lincoln  County.  This  was  an  Episcopal  congregation, 
composed  of  Episcopalians,  Lutherans,  and,  possibly,  German 
Reformed.  The  congregation  had  been  dependent  upon  Rev. 
Arends  for  the  administration  of  the  Word  and  sacraments,  but 
now,  as  related  in  another  chapter,  Miller  was  ordained,  upon 
the  petition  from  this  congregation.  For  twenty-two  years  he 
labored  as  a  Lutheran  pastor,  faithfully  serving  several  Lutheran 
congregations.  Once  he  was  elected  President  and  thrice  as 
Secretary  of  the  Synod,  and  in  1S21,  when  he  withdrew  from 
the  Lutheran  Church,  the  President  of  Synod,  Rev.  G.  Schober, 
in  the  name  of  the  whole  Lutheran  Church,  tendered  him 
thanks  for  his  many  years  of  faithful  service.  He  died  in  1834, 
having  lived  a  long  and  useful  life  in  the  service  of  the  Master. 

The  Rev.  Paul  Henkel  was  a  great-grandson  of  Rev.  Gerhard 
Henkel,  who  was  one  among  the  very  first  Lutheran  ministers 
to  come  to  America.  He  was  born  near  where  Salisbury  now 
stands,  in  1754,  or  about  seven  years  after  the  first  German  set- 
tlements, and  forty-nine  years  before  the  organization  of  the 
North  Carolina  Synod.  In  1760  the  family  removed  to  Vir- 
ginia. When  a  young  man,  about  twenty-two  years  old,  he- 
began  preparing  for  the  Gospel  ministry,  under  the  instruction 
of  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Krug,  of  Fredericktown,  Md.  He  was  ex- 
amined and  licensed  by  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania,  and. 
afterward  ordained  by  the  same  body,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,. 
June  6th,  1792.  He  labored  zealously,  faithfully,  and  accept- 
ably in  different  parts  of  Virginia  until  1S00,  when  he  accepted 
a  call  to  work  in  his  native  State.  For  five  years  he  labored  in 
Rowan  and  adjoining  counties  and  then  returned  to  Virginia, 
where  he  died  on  November  27th,  1825,  loved  and  lamented  by 
all  who  knew  him. 


20  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Such  were  the  men  who,  under  God,  were  the  pastors  and 
leaders  of  the  churches  in  North  Carolina,  prior  to  and  reaching 
up  to  the  organization  of  the  Synod,  in  1803.  In  intellectual 
attainments  and  culture  they  were  giants  in  their  day  and  gen- 
eration ;  in  their  pastoral  aptitude  and  faithfulness  they  have 
never  been  excelled  ;  and  their  pulpit  eloquence  and  power  were 
such  that  vast  congregations  gathered  to  hear  them,  and  many 
hundreds  of  souls  were  brought,  under  their  ministration,  to  the 
saving  knowledge  of  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus. 

They  were  not  confined,  in  their  labors,  to  any  geographical 
limits ;  the  whole  country,  destitute  of  the  means  of  grace,  was 
their  pastorate,  and  all  needy  souls  their  care.  Broadly,  deeply, 
and  firmly  they  laid  the  foundations  of  many  congregations  in 
different  States  :  some  in  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Vir- 
ginia, Tennessee,  Kentucky,  and  even  in  Indiana  and  Ohio. 
Their  business  was  hunting  for  perishing,  lost  souls ;  feeding 
them  upon  the  blessed  word  and  sacraments  ;  and  instructing 
and  confirming  the  young  and  old  in  the  glorious  faith  "  Once 
delivered  to  the  saints." 

Long  years  ago  their  earthly  toils  were  ended  and  they 
entered  into  that  "  Rest  that  remains  to  the  people  of  God." 
Their  blessed  memory  is  with  us,  and  the  fruits  of  their  labor 
we  see  all  around  us.  God  help  us  to  follow  them  in  their  zeal 
and  fidelity. 


CHAPTER    III. 

THE     CAUSES     THAT    LED    TO    THE    ORGANIZATION    OF    THE     NORTH 

CAROLINA    SYNOD. 
» 

During  the  fifty-six  years  that  intervened  between  1747,  the 
time  of  the  first  German  settlements  in  the  Piedmont  section  of 
North  Carolina,  and  1S03,  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the 
North  Carolina  Synod,  many  important  events  and  changes  had 
taken  place,  both  in  Church  and  State.  Many  of  these  events 
were  fraught  with  deep  interest  and  vital  consequences. 

When  we  read  of  the  trials  and  difficulties,  labors  and  sacri- 
fices, privations  and  sufferings  of  those  few  pioneer  pastors  of 
our  Church  in  North  Carolina,  it  seems  hardly  credible  that  they 
could  have  endured  so  much  and  accomplished  such  really  ^reat 
things  as  they  did. 

Suppose,  for  example,  that  Nussman  and  Arends  and  Storch, 
like  some  others,  had  become  discouraged  and  disheartened, 
and  had  abandoned  the  field,  what  would  have  been  the  conse- 
quences ?  Certainly  the  progress  of  our  Church  would  have 
been  retarded  for  years,  and,  possibly,  her  destruction  accom- 
plished by  her  members  being  carried  over  into  other  folds,  as 
was  the  case,  in  some  instances,  in  other  parts  of  the  United 
States. 

Among  the  causes  leading  up  to  the  organization  of  the  Synod 
was  the  Revolutionary  War,  with  its  attendant  influences  and 
results  upon  Church  and  State.  The  period  just  preceding  the 
outbreak  of  the  war  was  full  of  encouragement  and  hope  to  the 
German  settlers.  They  had  had  many  and  severe  struggles 
during  the  first  years  of  their  settlement  in  North  Carolina,  but 
at  length,  under  the  blessings  of  the  Almighty,  temporal  success 
had  crowned  their  efforts  :  peace,  prosperity,  and  happiness 
were  theirs  to  a  greater  extent,  and  in  a  higher  degree,  than  ever 
before.      So,  too,  the  conditions  and  prospects  of  the  Church  of 

(21) 


2  2  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

their  love  were  brighter  and  more  promising  than  they  had 
ever  been.  Under  the  energetic,  persevering,  and  faithful 
labors  of  their  pastors,  congregations  had  been  organized  and 
churches  were  being  erected  wherever  there  were  Lutherans  suf- 
ficient to  justify  the  step,  and,  notwithstanding  the  immense 
amount  of  labor  necessary  to  do  so,  these  congregations  were 
being  faithfully  served,  and  were  growing  in  numbers,  works, 
and  fruits.  True,  there  still  were  only  a  few  pastors  to  occupy 
and  cultivate  the  wide  and  growing  field  ;  but,  few  as  they  were, 
they  made  up  for  the  lack  in  numbers  in  their  faith,  zeal,  and 
perseverance. 

Through  the  instrumentality  of  their  pastors,  an  interest  in 
the  colony,  and  especially  in  their  churches,  had  been  created 
in  the  parent  Church  in  Germany.  And,  as  a  result,  men  and 
means  had  already  been  sent  over,  and  there  were  prospects  and 
promise  of  continued  assistance  in  the  near  future,  so  that  the 
colonists  confidently  and  joyfully  looked  forward  to  the  time 
when  they  would  be  fully  provided  with  pastors  and  teachers  to 
supply  all  their  spiritual  needs.  But,  alas  !  how  soon  were  all 
these  bright  prospects  blasted  !  The  colonies  were  plunged  into 
a  bloody  and  heroic  struggle  for  liberty,  that  lasted  for  eight 
long  years ;  and  that,  when  ended,  although  liberty  and  inde- 
pendence were  secured,  it  left  behind  evil  results,  from  which 
it  took  them  many  more  years  to  recover. 

No  matter  how  grand  and  inspiring  the  end  contemplated, 
nor  how  glorious  the  final  results,  war  is  always  a  calamity.  It 
inevitably  brings  death  and  destruction  to  both  life  and  property. 
To  the  colonists  in  North  Carolina,  just  emerging  from  their 
long  and  severe  struggle,  it  came  with  blasting  effects.  Divi- 
sions were  created  between  neighbors  and  friends,  and  even  in 
families  ;  their  hard-earned  and  closely  husbanded  means  were, 
in  a  measure,  swept  away  ;  all  progress  and  improvements  ceased  ; 
and  the  bright  prospects,  so  lately  theirs,  disappeared  like  mist 
before  the  rising  sun.  Not  only  so,  but  under  the  baneful  in- 
fluences of  the  war,  the  faith  and  morals  of  the  people  became 
unsettled ;  the  means  of  grace  were  partially,  and,  in  some 
ocalities,  wholly  neglected  ;   resulting  in  apostasy,  skepticism, 


CAUSES    THAT    LED    TO    THE    ORGANIZATION.  23 

and  reckless  infidelity.  Rationalism  also  reared  aloft  its  ser- 
pent head  until,  as  a  natural  result,  there  was  a  breaking  away 
from  the  old  moorings  of  faith,  and  a  corresponding  godlessness 
and  immorality  of  life.  Our  Lutheran  colonists  were  not  an 
exception  to  the  general  rule  ;  and  hence  the  old  Lutheran  faith 
suffered,  and  the  old  symbols  of  that  faith  were  set  aside  by 
many  as  old  and  effete  ;  or,  if  acknowledged  at  all,  with  such 
mental  reservations  as  would  eventually,  if  allowed  to  continue, 
have  completely  undermined  and  destroyed  them  ;  while  under 
the  alluring  name  of  liberty,  church  discipline  was  ignored  and 
despised  until  the  Rev.  Storch  was  forced  to  admit  that  "  Party 
spirit  has  risen  to  a  fearful  height.  The  prevalence  of  infidelity, 
the  contempt  of  the  best  of  all  religions,  its  usages  and  servants, 
the  increase  of  irreligion  and  crime,  have  occasioned  me  many 
sad  hours. ' ' 

Another  consequence  of  the  war,  already  telling  so  heavily 
upon  our  colonists  and  the  Church,  was  the  withdrawal  of  pecu- 
niary aid  and  the  furnishing  of  pastors  by  the  Consistory  of 
Hanover,  in  Germany,  under  whose  supervision  the  churches  in 
North  Carolina  had  been,  ever  since  the  commissioners  from 
Organ  and  St.  John's  congregations  had  laid  their  needs  before 
it,  in  1772. 

During  the  eight  years  of  the  war,  all  communication  with 
Germany  was,  of  course,  interrupted.  And  after  the  war,  the 
Consistory  of  Hanover  became  indifferent  to  the  necessities  of 
the  churches  in  North  Carolina,  because  George  III.,  of  the 
house  of  Hanover,  was  the  reigning  King  of  England,  and  the 
Consistory  of  Hanover  naturally  was  antagonistic  to  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  American  colonies.  Finally,  they  transferred 
them  to  the  supervision  of  the  Helmstaedt  Mission  Society  ; 
otherwise  the  churches  might  have  dwindled  away  and  died. 
Even  with  this  help  the  churches  were  reduced  to  a  feeble  and 
impoverished  condition,  from  which  there  seemed,  at  that  time, 
but  little  hope  of  recovery. 

It  is  one  of  the  peculiarities  of  mankind  to  run  from  one  ex- 
treme to  another;  and,  true  to  nature,  in  1800  and  1801,  in  the 
turning  away  from  infidelity  and  rationalism,  that  had  become 


24  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

so  widespread  and  devastating  in  its  results,  there  swept  over 
the  land  a  tide  of  fanatical  revivalism,  of  a  character  and  de- 
monstration never  known  nor  heard  of  before,  causing  wonder 
and  surprise  among  both  pastors  and  people,  and  resulting  in  a 
confusion  of  mind  and  a  division  of  opinions. 

The  German  churches  for  a  time,  at  least,  governed  by  the 
wise  counsels  of  their  pastors,  refrained  from  participation  in 
the  wild  and  extravagant  doings  of  those  around  them.  But 
seeing  their  neighbors  and  associates,  under  the  influence  of 
preaching  and  praying,  so  strangely  and  powerfully  affected,  and 
finding  that  even  their  own  pastors  did  not  understand  this 
emotional  religion  and  were  unable  to  explain  it  to  them,  it  is 
no  wonder  that  they,  too,  at  length,  yielded  to  this  mysterious 
influence,  and  were  carried  into  the  movement  even,  perhaps, 
against  their  own  better  judgment. 

The  German  Lutheran  pastors  were  not,  at  first,  agreed  as  to 
the  worth  and  reliability  of  these  new  measures,  and,  naturally 
enough,  felt  the  need  of  an  organization,  that  would  bring  them 
into  more  intimate  communion  with  each  other,  and  be  as  a 
bond  of  union  among  them  ;  some  kind  of  an  organization 
through  which  they  could  meet  and  consult  with  each  other,  and 
thus  protect  themselves  and  their  people  against  false  views  and 
erroneous  practices  as  they  existed  around  them.  So,  also, 
they  realized  the  need  of  more  pastors,  and  the  difficulty  in  ob- 
taining them  from  Germany,  hence  the  necessity  of  some  kind 
of  an  organization  among  themselves  that  would  not  be  under 
any  foreign  supervision,  but  have  power  and  authority  to  ex- 
amine applicants  for  the  ministerial  office,  and,  when  found 
qualified,  ordain  them.  This  was  impressed  still  more  forcibly 
upon  them  by  the  remembrance  of  the  petition  that  had  been 
presented  to  the  Lutheran  pastors  of  Rowan  and  Mecklenburg 
Counties,  asking  them  to  examine  and  ordain  Robert  Johnson 
Miller,  in  order  that  he  might  serve  certain  churches  in  Lincoln 
County.  In  compliance  with  the  wishes  of  the  petitioners,  a 
meeting  was  called  at  St.  John's  Church,  Mecklenburg  County, 
for  May  20th,  1794,  and  then  and  there  was  held  the  first 
ecclesiastical  assembly  of  the  Lutheran  Church  of  North  Car- 
olina. 


CAUSES    THAT    LED    TO    THE    ORGANIZATION.  25 

All  the  Lutheran  pastors,  Nussman,  Arends,  Storch,  Roschen, 
and  Bernhardt,  were  present,  participated  in  the  examination 
and  ordination  of  Mr.  Miller,  and  signed  their  names  to  his 
certificate,  which,  in  a  mutilated  form,  is  still  in  existence.* 

The  salient  points  in  connection  with  this  ordination  are 
that  previous  to  this  time,  Mr.  Miller  had  been  licensed  by  the 
Methodist  Church  to  preach  the  Gospel ;  that  as  such  Methodist 
licentiate  he  had  been  preaching  to  an  Episcopal  congregation  ; 
that  those  Episcopalians  were  highly  pleased  with  him,  and,  there 
being  no  Episcopal  Diocese  in  North  Carolina  at  that  time,  peti- 
tioned the  Lutheran  pastors  for  his  ordination  ;  and  that  that 
Lutheran  Ecclesiastical  Assembly,  fully  satisfied  with  his  exami- 
nation, did  ordain  him  to  the  Gospel  ministry,  he  always  to  be 
obedient  to  the  laws  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  Thus  he  was 
the  second  pastor  ever  ordained  by  the  Lutheran  ministry  in 
North  Carolina.  If  there  was  any  other  business  transacted  at 
that  meeting  at  St.  John's,  we  have  no  record  of  it.  And  yet 
we  can  easily  imagine  that  they  must  have  consulted  with  each 
other,  talked  over  the  condition  of  the  churches,  and  of  their 
need  of  closer  relations  and  more  frequent  intercourse.  But, 
strange  to  say,  there  was  no  other  meeting  held,  doubtless  owing 
to  the  death  of  Rev.  Nussman,  which  occurred  only  five  months 
later,  and  the  moving  away  of  Revs.  Roschen  and  Bernhardt  a 
few  years  after  that  event. 

Nine  years  later,  however,  on  May  2d,  1803,  a  special  con- 
ference of  ministers  and  layman  was  held  in  Salisbury,  N.  C, 
for  the  sole  purpose  of  organizing  themselves  into  a  Synod,  or 
conference,  as  it  was  then  called.  Who  inaugurated  the  move- 
ment, and  what,  if  any,  preliminary  steps  were  taken,  we  do 
not  know,  only  they  met  and  organized  at  that  time  and  place. 
Revs.  Arends,  Storch,  Miller,  and  Paul  Henkel,  that  is,  all  the 
Lutheran  pastors,  together  with  fourteen  lay  delegates,  constituted 
the  convention. 

No  list  of  congregations  was  published  at  that  time,  but  there 
are  good  reasons  for  believing  that  Organ,  St.  John's  of  Salis- 
bury, Union,  Lutheran  Chapel,  St.  John's  of  Lincoln  County, 
Reformation,  St.  Luke's  of  Davidson  County,  Pilgrim,  Richland, 
*  Bernheim's  History,  page  339. 


26  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

St.    Paul's   of  Alamance  County,  Lau's,  Frieden's,  Beck's,  and 
Nazareth  congregations  were  represented. 

Rev.  Arends  was  made  President  and  Rev.  Miller,  Secretary. 

The  only  business  transacted  was  the  taking  of  steps  looking 
to  the  preparation  and  adoption  of  a  constitution  and  arrang- 
ing for  the  first  annual  meeting,  to  be  held  in  Lincolnton,  on 
the  third  of  the  following  October. 

Nussman,  the  old  pioneer  pastor,  did  not  live  to  see  that  glad 
day,  he  having  passed  to  his  eternal  reward  soon  after  the  meet- 
ing to  ordain  Pastor  Miller,  that  is,  November  3d,  1794. 

St.  John's  Church  of  Cabarrus  County,  one  of  the  three 
mother-churches  in  North  Carolina,  was  not  represented,  and  did 
not  take  part  in  the  organization  of  the  Synod,  not  uniting  with 
the  Synod  until  its  Fourth  Convention,  held  in  Organ  Church, 
October  20th,  1806. 

At  first  there  seems  to  have  been  no  definite  action  as  to  the 
name  the  Synod  should  bear,  being  sometimes  called  "  The 
Synod,"  and  sometimes  "  The  Synod  of  the  Lutheran  Church." 
But  in  181 7  it  was  definitely  fixed  as  "  The  Evangelical  Lutheran 
German  and  English  Synod  of  North  Carolina  and  Adjacent 
States."  This  continued  to  be  the  official  title  until  the  dis- 
continuance of  the  use  of  the  German  language,  when  the  words 
"German  and  English"  were  dropped.  And  when  in  the 
course  of  years  other  Synods  were  formed  and  her  work  was 
confined  to  North  Carolina,  the  words  "  Adjacent  States  "  were 
likewise  eliminated.  Now  her  official  and  chartered  title  is 
"The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  and  Ministerium  of  North 
Carolina."  Thus  the  Synod  was  launched  upon  the  sea  of  time. 
The  grand  old  fathers,  few  but  wise  and  noble,  built,  indeed, 
better  than  they  knew.  Little  did  they  realize  the  importance 
of  the  step  they  had  taken  !  Little  did  they  think  of  the  strug- 
gles through  which  they  and  the  whole  Synod  would  be  called 
to  pass  !  But  they  built  in  the  name  and  fear  of  God,  looking 
to  Him  for  guidance,  trusting  all  in  His  hands.  And  He 
accepted  the  trust,  and  has  ever  been  with  the  Synod,  leading, 
protecting,  preserving,  and  blessing  her  abundantly.  Truly 
may  we  exclaim  in  this  centennial  year  of  the  Synod, 
"  Hitherto  hath  the  Lord  helped  us." 


CHAPTER  IV. 

CONFESSIONAL    HISTORY    OF     THE    SYNOD. 

That  the  original  fathers  and  founders  of  the  Lutheran  Church 
in  America  brought  with  them  from  the  Fatherland  a  strong 
Lutheran  consciousness,  an  abiding  love  for  the  dear  old  Church, 
.and  an  intelligent  faith  in  her  distinctive  doctrines  and  usages 
is  certainly  beyond  question  or  dispute.  But  it  is  also  a  well- 
known  and  lamentable  fact  that  in  the  years  that  followed  great 
changes  took  place,  in  many  things,  that  were  not  always  in  full 
accord  with  the  teachings  of  the  Symbolical  Books. 

Settled  in  a  new  and  strange  land  :  far  removed  from  the 
direct  influences  of  the  old  home  Church  ;  surrounded  by  fanat- 
ical sects,  all  eager  to  proselyte  ;  with  very  few  ministers  of 
their  own  faith,  and  in  some  localities  without  any  for  years, 
it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  the  Lutheran  confessional  con- 
sciousness of  their  descendants  became  weakened,  blurred,  con- 
fused, and  in  some  instances  so  vitiated  as  to  be  scarcely  recog- 
nizable. 

As  a  result  of  these  conditions,  the  records  show  that  the 
Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania,  the  oldest  Lutheran  Synod  in 
America,  organized  by  Muhlenberg  and  his  co-laborers  in  1748, 
was  for  more  than  half  a  century  without  any  distinctively 
Lutheran,  official,  confessional  basis.*  In  her  first  Constitution, 
in  both  the  original  and  the  later  revised  editions,  there  was  no 
mention  of  the  Word  of  God  or  of  any  of  our  Lutheran  con- 
fessions. 

So,  too,  the  Ministerium  of  Xew  York,  the  second  oldest 
Synod  in  America,  organized  in  17S6,  thirty-eight  years  after 
the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania  and  nineteen  years  prior  to 
the  North  Carolina  Synod,  was  for  years  in  the  same  condition. 

*  Prof.  J.  W.  Richard,  D.  D.,  in  Lutheran  Quarterly,  October,  1S95,  page 
459,  etc. 

(27) 


28  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Her  Constitution  was  absolutely  silent  concerning  the  Bible 
and  the  Lutheran  confessions,  and  did  not  even  contain  the  word 
Lutheran. 

It  is  not  strange,  therefore,  that  the  German  Lutheran  settlers 
in  North  Carolina,  who  had  nearly  all  come  from  Pennsylvania, 
where  so  much  laxness  prevailed,  should  be  found  wanting  in 
the  same  things.  Here,  too,  they  were  not  surrounded  with 
any  circumstances  that  specially  called  for  a  specific  confessional 
statement.  They  were  at  peace  among  themselves,  as  well  as 
with  others  around  them  ;  there  was  and  had  been  no  assault 
made  upon  their  Church  or  its  doctrines,  and  hence  there  was 
no  apparent  necessity  for  dogmatical  declarations  as  to  their  own 
faith,  or  the  faith  of  the  Church  which  they  loved.  In  con- 
sequence, the  Constitution  adopted  by  the  North  Carolina  Synod, 
at  its  first  annual  meeting  at  Lincolnton,  N.  C,  October  17th, 
1803,  following  the  examples  of  the  two  older  Synods,  was 
intended  simply  as  a  statement  of  the  principles  or  laws  by 
which  they  proposed  to  be  governed  in  carrying  on  the  work 
of  the  Church  and  in  maintaining  discipline  among  both  pas- 
tors and  laymen,  and  not  as  a  specific  statement  of  the  con- 
fessional basis  of  the  Synod.  As  such,  it  did  not  contain  the 
word  Lutheran,  nor  any  direct  mention  of  the  confessional  writ- 
ings of  our  Church. 

But  that  does  not  mean,  and  should  not  be  construed  to  mean, 
that  the  Synod,  as  such,  had  no  Lutheran  consciousness,  was 
lacking  in  Lutheran  faith,  or  that  they  questioned,  doubted,  or 
disputed  any  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  but  only 
that  there  was,  at  that  time,  no  known  necessity  for  a  formal 
and  public  confessional  statement,  and  hence  no  such  statement 
was  made. 

When,  in  after  years,  the  necessity  arose,  her  specific  declara- 
tion was  not  wanting.  That  the  Synod,  as  such,  held  the  true 
Lutheran  position,  the  Word  of  God,  the  only  and  infallible 
rule  of  faith  and  practice,  and  the  confessions  of  the  Church 
correct  interpretations  of  that  rule,  is  evident  from  the  fact  that 
in  her  first  Constitution  she  says  (Article  IV.):  "  No  one  shall 
be  ordained   to  the   ministry  until    the   ministers  who   examine 


CONFESSIONAL    HISTORY    OF    THE    SYNOD.  29 

him  are  fully  satisfied  that  he  has  a  sufficient  and  satisfactory 
acquaintance  with  the  New  Testament  in  the  Greek  language, 
his  faith  (doctrines  of  the  Church),  and  the  Latin  language." 
There  can  be  no  question  but  that  the  expression  "  Doctrines 
of  the  Church"  then  meant  and  had  reference  to  the  Lutheran 
confessions,  and  hence,  in  this  article  of  the  Constitution,  there 
is  the  subscription  to  both  Word  and  confessions.  Not,  to  be 
sure,  in  as  definite,  precise  language  as  she  used  in  after  years, 
and  yet  clear  enough  that  she  understood  what  she  meant,  and 
there  was  no  challenge  to  her  position. 

From  this  position  she  has  never  receded.  So  far  as  authentic 
records  are  concerned,  there  are  no  evidences  that  she  ever 
modified,  denied,  or  rejected  any  article  of  the  Lutheran  faith, 
but  has  ever  pressed  on  to  a  deeper  conciousness  and  a  fuller 
and  clearer  statement  of  what  she  believes. 

It  is  an  interesting  study  to  mark  how  the  Synod  gradually 
developed  her  Lutheran  consciousness,  more  and  more  forcibly, 
plainly  and  formally  expressing  herself,  as  the  times  and  circum- 
stances seemed  to  demand. 

Thus,  in  1804,  at  the  Second  Annual  Convention,  she  ordered 
that  "The  first  twenty-one  articles  of  the  Augsburg  Confession 
be  printed  on  sheets  so  that  all  members  of  the  congregations 
may  obtain  them  at  small  price,  so  as  to  become  acquainted  with 
them.* 

In  i8o6f,  at  the  Third  Convention,  she  ordered  "  That  no 
pastor  in  our  connection  shall  confirm  children,  except  in  case 
of  absolute  necessity,  without  a  six-weeks'  preparation  before- 
hand." And  when  the  question  arose  as  to  "  Which  Catechism 
should  be  the  basis  of  instruction?"  she  unanimously  and 
emphatically  declared  that  the  Catechism  published  by  Ambro- 
sius  Henkel  might  be  used  in  explaining  the  meaning,  but  that 
"Luther's  Smaller  Catechism  must  ever  be  the  basis  of  cate- 
chetical instruction." 

In  1 81 7  she  revised  her  Constitution,  and  in  18 18  published 
it  and  twenty-two  articles  of  the  Augsburg  Confession,  together 

*  See  Printed  Minutes,  1804,  page  13. 

f  See  Printed  Minutes,  1806,  pages  14-15. 


30  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

with  other  matter,  in  a  book,  that  afterward  became  a  bone  of 
contention,  and  was  popularly  called  "  Luther,"  which  by  the 
direction  of  the  Synod  had  been  prepared  by  Rev.  G.  Shober, 
and  which  was  ' '  highly  approved  ' '  and  ' '  unanimously  adopted  ' ' 
by  the  Synod. 

The  following  is  the  Constitution  : 

"  Constitution  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  German 
and  English  Synod  of  North  Carolina  and  Adjacent 
States,  as  Revised  and  Enlarged  at  their  October  Ses- 
sion, 1817. 

"Article  I.  The  first  twenty-one  articles  of  the  Confession 
delivered  to  the  assembled  Diet  at  Augsburg,  in  Germany,  by 
the  Lutheran  divines,  known  by  the  name  of  the  Augsburg 
Confession,  as  extracted  from  the  Bible,  is  the  point  of  union  of 
our  Church.  Every  minister,  before  ordination,  pledges  him- 
self to  the  same. 

"  Article  II.  The  Synod  consists  of  ordained  ministers  and 
candidates  to  the  ministry,  and  is  to  meet  annually,  on  Trinity 
Sunday,  in  rotation  of  counties. 

"  Article  III.  Every  congregation  hath  a  right  to  send  dep- 
uties, such  as  are  in  full  communion  of  our  Church,  and  if  they 
produce  a  certificate  of  their  election  they  are  entitled  to  a  seat 
and  vote. 

"Article  IV.  All  deputies  have  a  right  to  vote,  by  congre- 
gations, so  that  every  congregation  has  a  vote,  and  the  majority 
decides  ;  but  the  lay  deputies,  taken  together,  have  no  more 
votes  than  the  number  of  ministers  belonging  to  our  ministry 
respecting  general  concerns. 

"  Article  V.  Every  Synod  elects  a  President,  Secretary,  and 
Treasurer.  The  first  two  officers  must  be  ordained  ministers, 
and  belong  to  our  ministry. 

"  Article  VI.  No  person  shall  be  admitted  to  administer  the 
Word,  except  he  be  recommended  in  writing,  and,  on  examina- 
tion, found  to  be  sufficiently  qualified  ;  and  not  before  he  is 
twenty-one  years  of  age. 

"Article  VII.  No  preacher  (except  he  is  ordained  or 
licensed  by  a  Synod  in  the  United  States,  and  bearing  sufficient 
credentials  of  the  same,  and  of  his  moral  conduct)  is  admitted 
as  belonging  to  our  Church,  before  he  is  licensed  in  writing, 
sealed  with  the  ministerial  seal,  and  signed  by  the  President  and 
countersigned  by  the  Secretary.  These  licenses  are  only  granted 
for  one  year,  except   in   extraordinary  cases.      Every  license  ex- 


CONFESSIONAL    HISTORY    OF    THE    SYNOD.  3 1 

presses  the  degree  of  authority  thereby  given,  and  on  expiration 
of  the  same  the  authority  ceaseth. 

"  Article  VIII.  The  degrees  of  our  ministry  are  :  Catechet, 
candidate,  deacon,  and  pastor.  The  first  two  degrees  are  under 
license  ;  the  third  under  ordination,  but  confined  to  his  congre- 
gations; the  last  conveys  general  authority,  but  he  must  have 
studied  divinity  in  a  seminary,  or  with  an  ordained  minister,  for 
three  years,  and  have  made  tolerable  progress  in  the  classic  lan- 
guages, but,  in  particular  cases,  exceptions  may  be  admitted. 

"Article  IX.  It  is  incumbent  on  the  Synod,  as  far  as  pos- 
sible, to  provide  that  such  congregations  as  have  no  regular  min- 
isters appointed,  and  who  apply  for  the  same,  may  be  served  by 
visiting  ministers,  with  all  ministerial  functions  ;  and  that  the 
Lord's  Supper  may  be  celebrated  at  least  twice  in  each  year. 
And  the  holy  sacrament  is  always  to  be  celebrated  in  the  con- 
gregation, at  the  opening  or  meeting  of  a  Synod,  to  which  all 
full  members  of  our  Church,  from  other  congregations,  are  to  be 
invited.  The  President  is  to  appoint  the  ministers  for  that  pur- 
pose, if  there  is  no  settled  minister  in  such  congregation. 

"Article  X.  Every  minister,  of  every  grade,  is  to  keep  a 
register  of  baptisms,  confirmations,  marriages,  and  burials,  in 
his  congregation,  and  report  the  same  annually  to  the  Synod, 
with  such  other  memorable  occurrences  as  deserve  attention. 

"  Article  XI.  It  is  the  duty  of  every  preacher  to  instruct 
all  children  of  our  members,  from  twelve  years  old  and  upwards, 
in  the  Catechism,  and  to  confirm  them,  or  have  them  confirmed, 
in  their  baptismal  vow,  by  authorized  ministers,  and  admit 
them  to  the  sacrament,  when  they  are  sufficiently  enlightened. 
The  Small  Catechism  of  Dr.  Luther,  in  the  German  language, 
and  the  Christian  Catechism,  in  the  English  language,  are  to  be 
used  for  such  instruction,  and  the  doctrine  is  to  be  explained  for 
six  weeks  prior  to  the  confirmation,  if  possible. 

"Article  XII.  Only  such  as  are  baptized  and  (when  that 
was  done  during  infancy)  confirmed,  and  have  partaken  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  with  us,  can  be  acknowledged  full  members  of 
the  Church. 

"Article  XIII.  This  Constitution  can  be  altered  or 
amended  when  two-thirds  of  all  ministers  and  deputies  agree." 

Now  notice  that  Article  I.  of  this  Constitution  reads  thus  : 
"The  first  twenty -one  articles  of  the  Confession,  delivered  to 
the  assembled  Diet  at  Augsburg,  in  Germany,  by  the  Lutheran 
divines,  known  by  the  name  of  the  Augsburg  Confession,  as  ex- 
tracted  from  the  Bible,  is    the  point  of  union  of  our  Church. 


32  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Every  minister,  before  ordination,  pledges  himself  to  the 
same." 

Of  this,  two  things  are  important.  It  was  the  first  officially 
declared  specific  confessional  basis  of  the  Synod,  and  it  was  the 
first  formal  and  public  avowal  of  the  recognition  of  the  Augs- 
burg Confession  by  any  Lutheran  Synod  in  America. 

In  1818,  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania,  the  oldest  and  by 
far  the  largest  body  in  America  bearing  the  Lutheran  name,  in- 
augurated a  movement  looking  to  a  closer  union  of  all  the 
Lutheran  Synods  in  America.  In  181 9  she  sent  out  to  those 
Synods  a  proposed  "  Plan  of  Union."  In  that  plan  there  was 
no  formal  confessional  basis  suggested,  and  the  Bible  and  the 
Lutheran  Confessions  were  not  so  much  as  named. 

In  1820,  when  the  General  Synod  was  formally  organized,  the 
North  Carolina  Synod  was  represented  by  Rev.  G.  Shober. 
Acting  under  instructions  given  by  the  unanimous  voice  of  the 
Synod,  at  the  convention  held  in  April,  18 19,  he  endeavored, 
in  the  name  of  the  Synod,  though  unsuccessfully,  to  secure  the 
recognition  of  the  Augsburg  Confession  in  the  plan  of  union, 
and  in  the  proposed  constitution  for  the  new  general  body. 

Of  this  effort  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod  and  the  results 
flowing  from  it,  Dr.  J.  W.  Richard,  in  the  Lutheran  Quarterly 
for  October,  1895,  says  :  "  Fortunately  for  the  Lutheran  Church 
in  the  United  States,  the  New  York  Ministerium,  which  took 
part  in  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  at  Hagerstown,  in  1820, 
did  not  send  delegates  again  until  1837  ;  and  the  Pennsylvania 
Ministerium,  whose  delegation  at  Hagerstown  outnumbered  all 
others  together,  withdrew  prior  to  the  meeting  of  T823,  and  was 
not  represented  again  on  the  floor  of  the  General  Synod  until 
1853,  thus  giving  the  Lutheran  Confessional  Consciousness, 
which  existed  in  the  North  Carolina  and  Maryland-Virginia 
Synods,  time  to  grow  and  strengthen  until  the  body  should  be- 
come Lutheran  in  reality  as  it  was  in  name." 

As  evidence  of  the  Synod's  continued  advancement  upon  the 
principles  laid  down  in  her  first  Constitution,  and  that  she  in- 
tended that  her  pastors  should  be  competent  to  teach  true 
Lutheran  theology,  in  accordance  with  those  principles,  she,  in 


CONFESSIONAL    HISTORY    OF    THE    SYNOD.  33 

1S46,  adopted  the  following  questions,  to  be  propounded  to  all 
candidates  for  ordination  : 

"  1.  Do  you  believe  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Tes- 
taments to  contain  the  Word  of  God,  and  that  it  is  the  only  in- 
fallible rule  of  faith  and  practice  ? 

"2.  Do  you  believe  that  the  fundamental  doctrines  of  the 
Word  of  God  are  taught  in  a  manner  substantially  correct  in  the 
doctrinal  articles  of  the  Augsburg  Confession  ?  ' ' 

This  continued  to  be  the  doctrinal  basis  of  the  Synod  until 
1869,  when,  as  a  further  evidence  of  her  determination  to  pre- 
serve and  maintain  her  distinctive  Lutheran  basis,  she  adopted, 
unanimously,  the  following  : 

1. 

"  We  believe  that  the  Canonical  Books  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments  are  given  by  inspiration  of  God,  and  are  the  perfect 
and  only  rule  of  faith  and  practice."' 


"  We  believe  that  the  three  general  creeds,  the  Apostolic, 
Nicene,  and  Athanasian,  exhibit  the  faith  of  the  Church  univer- 
sal, irv accordance  with  this  rule." 

111. 

"  We  believe  that  the  unaltered  Augsburg  Confession  is,  in 
all  its  parts,  in  harmony  with  the  Word  of  God,  and  is  a  correct 
exhibition  of  doctrine." 


"We  believe  that  the  Apology,  the  Catechisms  of  Luther, 
the  Smalcald  Articles,  and  the  Formula  of  Concord  are  a  faith- 
ful development  and  defense  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Word  of 
God  as  set  forth  in  the  Augsburg  Confession." 

To  this  basis  the  Synod  adhered  unreservedly  until  1889, 
when  she,  unanimously  and  without  debate,  adopted  her  present 
Confessional  Basis,  which  is  as  follows  : 

"The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  North  Carolina  con- 
fesses that  the  Canonical  Books  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments are  the  Word  of  God,  given  by  inspiration  of  the  Holy 


34  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Ghost,  and  are  the  clear,  only,  and  sufficient  rule  of  faith  ;  that 
the  three  general  creeds,  Apostles' ,  the  Nicene,  and  the  Atha- 
nasian,  exhibit  the  faith  of  the  Church  universal,  in  accordance 
with  this  rule  ;  that  the  unaltered  Augsburg  Confession  is,  in  all 
its  parts,  in  harmony  with  this  rule  of  faith,  and  is  a  correct  ex- 
hibition of  its  doctrine  ;  and  that  the  Apology,  the  Larger  and 
Smaller  Catechisms  of  Luther,  the  Smalcald  Articles,  and  the 
Formula  of  Concord  are  a  faithful  development  and  defense  of 
the  doctrines  of  God's  Word  and  of  the  Augsburg  Confession. 
All  her  questions  concerning  the  faith  of  the  Church,  its  min- 
isters or  congregations,  and  the  administration  of  the  Word 
and  sacraments,  shall  be  judged  and  decided  according  to  this 
rule  and  these  Confessions. ' ' 

Thus  we  have  briefly  traced  the  confessional  history  of  the 
Synod,  from  its  beginning  up  to  the  present,  and  the  only  con- 
clusion that  can  be  drawn  is  that  her  elaborate  and  unequivocal 
Lutheran  Confessional  Basis  of  to-day  is  but  the  outcome,  the 
natural  growth  and  developement  of  the  fundamental  principles- 
embodied,  though  ever  so  crudely,  in  her  first  Constitution. 

In  the  course  of  her  long  and  eventful  life  it  is  not  surprising 
if  there  have  been  those  in  her  ranks,  at  different  times,  who> 
were  unsound  and  un-Lutheran  in  faith  or  practice,  or  both. 
It  has  been  so  in  nearly  all  Synods.  But  if  there  have  been 
any  such,  the  responsibility,  the  blame,  should  be  laid  upon 
them  personally,  and  not  upon  the  Synod.  For,  as  such,  there 
is  no  record  of  her  ever  having  denied  or  rejected  any  doctrine 
of  the  Lutheran  faith.  She  has  always  stood,  as  she  stands  to- 
day, squarely  upon  the  Word  of  God  as  the  rule  of  faith,  and 
the  Confessions  as  correct  exponents  of  that  rule. 


CHAPTER  V. 

TERRITORY    AND    GROWTH    OF    THE    SYNOD. 

To  us,  of  the  present  day,  who  have  always  enjoyed  the  ad- 
vantages and  blessings  of  Synodical  relations,  it  seems  strange 
that  in  the  early  life  of  our  Church  in  America  so  many  years 
were  permitted  to  pass  away  before  the  congregations  were  or- 
ganized into  Synods.  But,  strange  as  it  may  seem  to  us,  it  is, 
nevertheless,  true,  that  although  the  first  German  Lutheran  im- 
migrants came  to  Pennsylvania  about  16S0,  and  that  their  first 
congregations  were  organized  very  soon  thereafter,  yet  it  was 
not  until  sixty-eight  years  later,  that  is,  1748,  that  the 
Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania  was  organized.  And,  although 
the  first  Lutheran  immigrants  settled  in  New  York  about 
1621,  and  their  first  congregation  was  organized  in  1664,  yet  it 
was  not  until  one  hundred  and  forty-seven  years  later,  and 
thirty-eight  years  after  the  formation  of  the  Ministerium  of 
Pennsylvania,  that  is,  1786,  that  the  Ministerium  of  New  York 
was  organized.  So,  too,  in  the  territory  afterward  occupied  by 
the  North  Carolina  Synod.  Although  the  first  German  settle- 
ments in  the  Piedmont  section  were  made  in  1747,  and  the  first 
congregations  were  organized  somewhere  between  then  and- 1766, 
yet  it  was  not  until  fifty-five  years  after  the  formation  of  the 
Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania,  fifty -six  years  after  their  first  set- 
tlement was  made,  and  when  their  first  congregations  were  about 
forty  years  old,  that  the  Synod  was  organized. 

Why  this  long  delay,  can  be  matter  of  conjecture  only,  as  no 
records  concerning  it  have  been  found.  But  when  we  remember 
that  Rev.  Nussman  had  succeeded,  before  the  Revolutionary 
War,  in  placing  the  Lutheran  Church  in  North  Carolina  in  con- 
nection with  the  parent  Church  in  Germany  :  that  through  this 
arrangement  substantial  help  in  both  men  and  means  had  been 
received,  and  the  Church  thereby  greatly  benefited  :   that  after 

(35) 


2,6  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

the  war  Nussman  made  strong  and  successful  efforts  to  renew 
the  relationship  which  had  been  severed  by  the  war ;  that  his 
principal  congregation,  St.  John's,  of  Cabarrus,  had  adopted 
resolutions  and  made  pledges  concerning  the  funds  donated  ; 
and  that  the  congregation  did  not  participate  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Synod,  we  are  led  to  the  inference  that  Rev.  Nussman 
must  not  have  favored  the  severing  of  their  relations  with  the 
Church  in  Germany,  and  the  formation  of  a  Synod  to  be  inde- 
pendent of  all  other  ecclesiastical  bodies.  Being  the  senior 
minister,  loved,  honored,  and  respected  by  all,  it  was  perfectly 
natural  for  both  pastors  and  congregations  to  defer  to  his  opinions 
and  wishes,  and  hence  the  Synod  was  not  organized  until  nearly 
nine  years  after  his  death. 

When,  however,  the  Synod  was  organized,  in  1803,  the 
Church  was  aroused  and  enthused  as  it  never  had  been  be- 
fore. New  life  and  hope  and  energy  were  thereby  created  in 
the  minds  of  pastors  and  people,  resulting  in  a  rapid  growth  in 
numbers  and  strength  and  a  wide  expansion  of  territory. 

At  the  organization  of  the  Synod,  as  stated  in  a  former  chap- 
ter, there  were  present  and  participating  four  ministers  and 
fourteen  lay  delegates,  presumably  representing,  at  least,  four- 
teen congregations.  In  those  early  days  they  did  not  publish 
the  list  of  pastors,  lay  delegates,  and  congregations  belonging 
to  Synod,  as  we  do  now,  and  hence  it  is  impossible  for  us  to 
know  just  what  congregations  then  constituted  the  Synod,  and 
who  the  lay  delegates  were. 

That  we  may  realize  how  rapidly  the  Synod  grew,  let  us  take 
a  glance  at  those  early  records. 

At  the  Fourth  Convention,  held  in  1806,  St.  John's  Church, 
Cabarrus  County,  and  Indian  Creek  Church  were  received. 

At  the  Eighth  Convention,  held  in  1810,  one  congregation  in 
North  Carolina  and  Bethel,  St.  Peter's,  and  Zion  Churches,  of 
South  Carolina,  were  received  and  the  following  preachers, 
churches,  elders,  deacons,  and  lay  readers  were  reported  as  be- 
longing to  the  Synod  : 


TERRITORY    AND    GROWTH    OF    THE    SYNOD.  37 


IN  ROWAN 

COUNTY, 

N, 

.  C, 

,  Rev. 

C. 

A. 

G. 

Storch, 

Pastor. 

Churches. 

Elders. 

Deacons. 

Zion's,  i.  e.,  Organ Theobald  Lentz George  Huthman. 

George  Michael  Heilig. .  John  Miller. 

Adam  Steuerwald John  Edelman. 

Adam  Grass Nicholas  Beringer. 

Buffalo   Creek,    i.    <?.,    St.  Nicholas  Ridenauer.  .  .  .  Peter  Thiem. 

John's,  Cabarrus.  John  Beringer Paul  Beringer. 

Jacob  Bast Martin  Blackwiilder. 

Tacob  Miller John  Ridohr. 

Irish     Settlement,     i.    e. , John  Setzer. 

Lutheran  Chapel.  Conrad  Schlup Michael  Bastian. 

John  Kistler. 

Tobias  Guthmann. 

Pine  Church,  i.  c.  Union Jacob  Braun. 

Andrew  Bauer. 

George  Froelich. 

Crooked  Creek  Church Ludwig  Hardess. 

St.  Peter's , John  Herche. 

Bear  Creek,  ?'.  e.,  Bethel,  John      Bernhard,       Lay  Christopher  Leyerli. 
Stanly  County.  Reader Henry  Zeits. 

IN   DAVIDSON  COUNTY,  N.  C,  Rev.  Ludwig  Markert,  Pastor. 

Churches.  Elders.  Deacons. 


Pilgrim  Church Christian  Meyer Henry  Conrad. 

Yalentine  Tag Peter  Lapp. 

Beck's  Church John  Beck Ephrairu  Gass. 

David  Beyrer. 

Swicegood's,  i.  e.,    Sandy  Adam  Schweisguth Henry  Ratz. 

Creek  Church John  Gabel Philip  Beck. 

Lau's  Church John  Gobel Ludwig  Lau. 

Tacob  Krieson John  Philippi. 

Frieden's  Church John  Gebel. 

Tohn  Kob. 


IN  ORANGE  COUNTY, 

N.  C. 

Churches. 

Elders. 

Deacons. 

Grave's  Church,  i.  e. 
Paul's,  Alamance, . 

,  St 

Tohn  Fogelman. 
Melchior  Esslev. 

IN  RANDOLPH  COUNTY,  N.  C. 


Churches.  Elders.  Deacons. 


Richland  Church John  Schwartz Joseph  Staley. 

Jacob       Krieson,       Lay 
Reader. 


38 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


IN  STOKES  AND  ROWAN  COUNTIES,  Rev.  Gottlieb  Shober,  Pastor. 


Churches. 

Elders. 

Deacons. 

Muddy  Creek  Church .... 

Henry  Holder. 
Samuel  Vogler. 
John  Krausser. 

Benjamin  Henkel. 
Henry  Clement. 

Dutchman's  Creek 

Nicholas  Gliick  ? 

IN  LINCOLN  COUNTY,  N.  C,  Rev.  Philip  Henkel,  Pastor. 


Churches. 

Elders. 

Deacons. 

John  Eisenhauer. 

John  Stein 

Bernhard  Siegman. 
John  Schmidt. 

John  Schmeyer. 

Jacob  Klein. 
Peter  Heil. 
Daniel  Lutz. 

Old  Church 

Christopher  Siegman. . .  . 
Jacob  Vollbrecht. 

School-house  Church.  .  .  . 

Thomas  Huber 

Kassner's    Church,    *'.   e. , 

John  Huffman 

Jacob  Straub. 

Lebanon  Church 

Moses  Baumgartner. 
George  Risch. 

Nicholas  Eiler. 

Benjamin  Weitmer. 

Jacob  Hahn. 

IN  SOUTH  CAROLINA,  Without  Pastors. 


Churches. 

Elders. 

Deacons. 

George  Bauknecht. 
George  Metz. 

John  Weiss. 

Christopher  Kaufman. .  . 

Henry  Kuhn. 
Samuel  Bockman. 
Henry  Schull. 

Jacob  Rauch. 

Jacob  Nonnenmacher. 

John  Dreher. 

TERRITORY    AND    GROWTH    OF    THE    SYNOD. 


39 


At  the  Ninth  Convention,  held  in  1811,  the  following-named 
nine  congregations,  in  Tennessee,  served  by  Charles  Z.  Henry 
Smith,  were  received  : 


County. 

Churches. 

Elders. 

Zion 

John  Shafer. 
Adam  Miller. 

Sullivan 

Martin  Roller. 

George  Lideke. 

Abraham  Shnep. 
Elias  Bowman. 

Washington 

Washington 

Jacob  Spohr. 
Adam  Itz. 

Sinking  Spring 

Cove  Creek " . 

J.  Damsmelzer. 
Christ.  German. 

Frederick  Godshall. 

Lonax  

Peter  Richter. 

Henry  Lonas. 
Henry  Mauck. 
Nicholas  Gibs. 

Blount  

Henry  Lauer. 

Henry  Thonas. 
John  Maurer. 

At  the  Tenth  Convention,  held  in  181 2,  Hopewell  and  Bethel 
Churches,  in  Stokes  County,  N.  C,  and  Sandy  Run  Church,  in 
South  Carolina,  were  received. 

At  the  Eleventh  Convention,  held  in  181 3,  five  congregations 
in  Virginia  were  admitted,  named  as  follows  : 


County. 

Churches. 

Elders. 

On   Hoxbiehl 

John  Shenk. 

Shenandoah  

Solomon's. 

John  Roller. 

Rockingham 

John  Bauman. 
Valentine  Roland. 
Frederick  Bish. 

Shenandoah  

St.  Paul's 

Christian  Strohle. 
Jacob  Folz. 

4-0  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

At  the  Twelfth  Convention,  held  in  1814,  several  congrega- 
tions in  South  Carolina  were  received.  At  the  Thirteenth 
Convention,  held  in  181 5,  St.  Michael's  in  Iredell  County  and 
Christ's  Church  in  Rowan  Count}'  were  received  ;  and  during 
the  years  18 15  and  18 16  petitions  were  received  from  various 
congregations  in  South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Mason  County,. 
Va. ,  Pendleton  County,  Va. ,  Rutherford  and  Burke  Counties, 
N.  C.j  Fairfield  County,  Ohio,  and  Washington  County,  Ind., 
requesting  to  be  visited  by  ministers  to  administer  the  Holy 
Sacraments  to  them,  or  to  have  certain  lay  readers  to  be  ex- 
amined and  licensed,  so  as  to  labor  in  holy  things  among  them. 

At  the  Fourteenth  Convention,  held  in  1816,  it  was  decided 
that  the  names  of  all  pastors,  candidates,  and  catechists  belong- 
ing to  the  Synod  should  be  printed  in  the  minutes.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  list : 

Pastors. — C.  A.  G.  Storch,  Paul  Henkel,  R.  J.  Miller,  Philip 
Henkel,  Ludwig  Markert,  Jacob  Scherer,  J.  P.  Franklow,  and 
G.  Dreher. 

Candidates. — D.  Moser,  David  Henkel,  Jacob  Zink,  Adam 
Miller,  J.  W.  Meyer,  Peter  Schmucker,  Andrew  Henkel,  Michael 
Ranch,  Jost  Muetze. 

Catechists. — Jacob  Krieson,  Philip  Roth,  Daniel  Scherer,  Jacob 
Miller,  Daniel  Walcher,  J.  E.  Bell,  John  Dreher. 

Thus  it  is  seen  that  in  1816,  thirteen  years  after  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Synod,  there  were  nine  pastors,  nine  candidates, 
seven  catechists,  and  about  sixty  congregations,  numbering,  per- 
haps, six  thousand  members. 

These  were  scattered  over  an  area  reaching  from  the  Ohio 
River  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to 
the  Mississippi  River,  or,  in  other  words,  the  whole  southern 
territory  now  occupied  by  the  eight  Synods,  constituting  the 
United  Synod  of  the  South. 

Such  was  the  statistical  and  territorial  condition  of  the  Synod 
at  the  close  of  the  Fifteenth  Convention,  held  in  181 7,  the 
year  preceding  the  beginning  of  the  difficulties  resulting  in  the 
organization  of  the  Tennessee  Synod  ;  and  notwithstanding  that 
unhappy  division,  the  consequent  falling  off   in  numbers,   and 


TERRITORY    AND    GROWTH    OF    THE    SYNOD.  4 1 

the  deplorable  conditions  that  followed,  the  Synod  reported  in 
182 1,  the  year  after  the  actual  rupture,  ten  pastors,  four  deacons, 
four  candidates,  six  catechists,  and  about  fifty  congregations,  who 
reported  for  the  year  578  children  and  thirty-nine  adults  bap- 
tized and  189  young  people  confirmed. 

The  years  that  followed  were  filled  with  wrangling  and  unpro- 
fitable discussions  ;  but  the  Synod,  though  rent  by  schism  and 
harassed  by  open  foes  and  secret  enemies,  pursued  the  even 
tenor  of  her  way,  intent  upon  her  one  great  work  of  saving 
souls,  through  the  ministration  of  the  Word  and  sacraments. 
And  God  blessed  her  in  her  work,  strengthening  and  enlarging 
her  borders  and  increasing  her  usefulness  year  by  year.  In  1824 
another  division  took  place  ;  this  time  in  peace  and  brotherly 
love,  the  pastors  and  churches  in  South  Carolina  withdrawing 
and  organizing  the  South  Carolina  Synod. 

Again,  in  1S42,  the  brethren  in  Virginia  organized  what  is 
now  known  as  the  Southwest  Virginia  Synod.  Not  because  of 
any  difficulties  or  differences,  but  that  they  might  the  better 
cultivate  their  immediate  field. 

From  the  Tennessee  Synod  has  since  gone  out  the  Holston 
Synod,  and  from  the  South  Carolina  Synod  have  gone  out  the 
Mississippi  Synod  and  the  Georgia  Synod. 

Thus  it  is  seen  that  these  Synods  are  the  children  and  grand- 
children of  the  mother-Synod,  altogether  now  numbering  more 
than  200  pastors,  nearly  500  congregations,  and  nearly  or  quite 
40,000  members. 

Through  all  the  years  that  have  followed  from  the  little  meet- 
ing in  Salisbury  until  now,  God  has  always  been  with  the  Synod, 
her  "Refuge  and  strength,  a  very  present  help  in  trouble," 
blessing  and  prospering  her  in  every  way,  and  giving  her  souls 
as  seals  of  her  ministry,  so  that  to-day,  although  she  no  longer 
covers  the  immense  territory  that  she  once  did,  her  work  being 
confined  to  only  a  part  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  she  num- 
bers in  her  fold  thirty-eight  pastors,  sixty-two  congregations,  and 
nearly  8000  members,  more  than  she  ever  numbered  before  at 
any  one  time. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  RUPTURE  OF  1819  AND  1820. 

Sixteen  years  have  come  and  gone  since  the  Synod  was  first 
organized,  then  numbering  only  four  pastors  and  fourteen  con- 
gregations. During  these  years  many  changes  have  taken  place 
both  in  Church  and  State.  Under  the  blessings  of  her  Master, 
she  now  numbers  eleven  pastors,  five  candidates,  ten  catechists, 
and  about  sixty  congregations.  Fourteen  times  the  Synod  has 
assembled,  many  questions  have  been  discussed,  many  measures 
adopted,  much  work  undertaken,  and  great  good  accomplished. 
And  through  it  all  God  has  been  with  her,  peace  has  reigned, 
and  the  Synod  has  been  a  unit  upon  all  questions  of  doctrine 
and  polity,  with  the  one  only  exception  of  the  question  of  licen- 
sure, or  rather  ordination.  Well  might  it  have  been  said,  "Be- 
hold, how  good  and  how  pleasant  it  is  for  brethren  to  dwell 
together  in  unity  !  " 

But  now,  alas,  after  so  many  years  of  peace,  a  struggle  begins 
that,  at  length,  ends  in  the  first  rupture  in  the  Lutheran  Church 
in  America,  followed  by  years  of  bitterness  and  strife  and  alien- 
ations, the  effects  of  which  are  still  felt,  after  a  lapse  of  more 
than  three-quarters  of  a  century. 

At  first  the  cloud  that  threatened  the  peace  of  the  Synod  was 
but  a  mere  speck  in  the  Synodical  horizon.  But,  housed  in 
men's  hearts  and  nursed  by  their  passions,  it  widened  and  grew 
and  spread  until  the  whole  sky  was  overcast  and  the  storm  burst 
in  all  its  fury,  carrying  havoc  and  destruction  in  its  mad  career. 
By  it,  the  Synod  was  rent  in  twain ;  brethren,  who  had  labored 
together  in  love  for  years,  became  open  and  avowed  enemies ; 
congregations  composed  of  those  who  had  always  lived  together 
in  peace  and  harmony  were  rudely  shattered  ;  life-long  friends 
and  companions  were  alienated  ;  the  peace  of  many  family  circles 
broken  up,  the  work  of  the  Church  interrupted,  and  her  progress 

(42) 


THE  RUPTURE  OF  1S19  AND  1S20.  43 

crippled  and  retarded,  not  only  then  and  in  North  Carolina,  but 
ever  since  then  and  in  many  other  parts  of  our  country. 

The  causes  leading  up  to  these  dreadful  consequences  seem  so 
inadequate  that  the  unbiased  historian  hesitates  to  record  them, 
and  yet  they  must  be  recorded,  else  how  shall  this  be  the  history 
of  the  Synod  ? 

Undoubtedly  the  first  and  principal  cause  was  personal  differ- 
ences among  individual  members.  To  understand  fully,  we  need 
to  recapitulate  somewhat. 

In  accordance  with  the  customs  then  in  vogue,  during  the  in- 
terim of  Synod,  between  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh  Conventions, 
that  is,  some  time  during  the  year  1812,  two  pastors  had 
licensed  Mr.  David  Ilenkel  as  catechist.  At  the  Eleventh 
Convention,  in  1S13,  Mr.  Henkel  presented  himself  before 
Synod,  with  a  petition  from  Lincoln  County,  asking  for  a  re- 
newal of  his  license.  Mr.  Henkel  was  then  about  eighteen  years 
old,  the  youngest  man  that  had  ever  asked  the  Synod  for  a 
license,  and,  of  course,  at  that  time,  with  limited  literary  attain- 
ments. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  the  Synod,  acting  with  due  caution, 
"concluded  that,  if  on  examination  he  should  be  approved,  he 
•should  receive  authority  to  preach  and  baptize."  He  sustained 
the  examination  creditably,  and  accordingly  he  with  J.  P. 
Schmucker  and  Daniel  Moser,  who  had  been  examined  at  the 
same  time,  received  license  for  one  year  to  preach,  catechise,  and 
baptize. 

In  justice  to  Mr.  Henkel,  it  is  proper  here  to  state,  that  which 
the  fathers  did  not  know,  that  Mr.  Henkel  was  a  man  of  excellent 
natural  endowments,  having  a  strong  mind  and  an  industrious 
and  persevering  disposition,  a  great  lover  of  books,  and  a  hard 
student,  who,  by  his  own  individual  efforts,  in  after  years, 
attained  to  a  remarkable  degreee  of  efficiency  in  the  ancient 
languages  and  in  symbolical  and  dogmatic  theology. 

The  Synod  having  its  attention  drawn  to  the  prevailing  custom 
of  licensure  by  two  ministers  between  the  sessions  of  Synod, 
"  after  much  deliberation,  it  was  concluded  that  no  license  shall 
hereafter  be  granted  by  ministers  in  the  vacation  of  a  Synod,  as 


44  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

the  custom  had  crept  in  hitherto  ;  that  at  the  Synod  no  young 
person  shall  be  licensed  to  preach  and  baptize  before  examina- 
tion ;  and  that  on  every  application,  especially  the  first,  it  shall 
be  decided  whether  the  applicant  shall  also  be  licensed  to  bap- 
tize ;  that  if  such  applicant  thereafter  approve  himself  faithful, 
diligent,  and  qualified,  and  he  be  adopted  by  congregations  as 
their  teacher,  he  shall  then  be  admitted  a  full  candidate  for  the 
holy  office,  and  after  examination  receive  written  authority  to 
administer  the  holy  sacraments  in  such  congregations,  or  in  those 
to  which  he  maybe  appointed  by  Synod,  and  nowhere  else — and 
that  this  authority  shall  only  be  in  force  for  one  year,  or  to  the 
next  Synod." 

Mr.  Henkel  continued  as  catechist  for  two  years,  his  license 
being  renewed  by  Synod  in  1814.  In  18 15  Mr.  Henkel  was 
advanced  to  licensure  for  one  year  as  candidate.  At  this  con- 
vention it  was  decided  that,  "In  case  a  young  servant  of  the 
Church,  that  is,  a  candidate,  be  overcome  by  indolence,  loss  of 
courage,  care  or  anxiety  for  daily  bread,  etc.,  such  candidate  be 
reduced  to  a  catechist.  If  he  be  a  catechist,  he  shall  be  put  out 
of  office,  unless  it  be  that  sickness  or  other  circumstances  may 
be  the  cause  and  excuse  ;  for  it  is  possible  only  to  those  who 
meet  the  requirements  laid  down,  and  who  have  the  gift  and  train-' 
ing  necessary,  coupled  with  a  pure  life  and  with  industry,  to  be 
promoted  in  the  holy  office. ' ' 

In  181 6  Mr.  Henkel  went  to  Synod  expecting  to  receive 
ordination,  but  the  discussion  over  the  licensure  question  was 
on,  and  ordination  was  not  granted.  The  question  had  arisen 
in  Lincoln  County  ;  some  advocating  that  no  one  should  be  per- 
mitted to  administer  the  sacrament  without  having  been  fully 
ordained,  whilst  the  Synod,  as  well  as  the  Pennsylvania  Synod, 
whose  opinion  the  North  Carolina  Synod  had  asked  on  this  sub- 
ject, declared  and  practiced  that  a  candidate  could  perform  all 
ministerial  acts  before  he  was  ordained,  simply  on  the  authority 
of  his  being  licensed  by  Synod  to  do  so. 

At  length,  to  satisfy  the  petitioners  from  Lincoln,  and  only  for 
this  one  year,  the  President,  Rev.  Storch,  dissenting,  all  the 
candidates,    including    Mr.    Henkel,    were    handed    their    usual 


THE  RUPTURE  OF  1819  AND  1820.  45 

licenses  with  full  powers,  with  the  benediction  and  imposition 
of  hands,  but  were  not  regarded  as  ordained  ministers. 

In  1S17  Mr.  Henkel's  license  was  renewed  with  the  same 
powers.  In  181S  there  was  no  convention  of  Synod  on  account 
of  the  change  of  the  time  of  meeting. 

In  1819,  for  reasons  that  will  be  explained  below,  the  Synod 
met  in  St.  John's  Church,  Cabarrus  County,  some  weeks  earlier 
than  the  time  fixed  in  the  Constitution. 

At  this  convention  many  complaints  were  lodged  against  Mr. 
Henkel,  and  much  time  was  consumed  in  examining  the  charges. 
Some  of  them  were  proven  to  be  true,  whilst  others  were  not. 
And,  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  adopted  in  1S15,  he  was 
reduced  from  the  position  of  candidate  to  that  of  catechist, 
and  given  a  license  for  twelve  months,  with  the  provision  that 
"  if,  at  the  expiration  of  six  months,  he  can  bring  a  written  state- 
ment from  his  congregations  that  peace  among  them  was  restored, 
and  no  more  serious  complaints  be  presented  against  him,  then 
the  President  of  Synod  shall  grant  him  a  license  as  candidate." 
That  is  to  say,  he  should  be  restored  to  his  former  grade.  This 
action  of  Synod  was  unanimous,  and  Mr.  Henkel,  on  the  floor  of 
Synod,  expressed  himself  as  being  satisfied  with  the  action,  and 
promised  to  do  better  in  the  future. 

On  the  following  Trinity  Sunday,  the  time  fixed  in  the  Consti- 
tution for  the  regular  annual  meeting,  but  now  no  longer  the  time 
for  that  year,  because  the  Synod  had  already  held  its  annual 
meeting  some  weeks  before,  the  Rev.  Philip  Henkel,  Candidate 
Joseph  E.  Bell,  Catechist  David  Henkel,  and  seven  lay  delegates 
came  together  at  the  place  appointed  for  the  meeting  of  Synod, 
St.  John's  Church,  Cabarrus  County,  and  where  Synod  had  already 
met,  and  declared  themselves  the  Synod  of  North  Carolina,  and 
contrary  to  the  regulation  of  Synod,  which  said  :  "  Hereafter  no 
one  receive  full  ministerial  authority  except  alone  by  the  Synod, 
and  that  after  an  examination  ;"  and,  knowing  that  David  Hen- 
kel was  under  censure  and  on  probation,  and,  therefore  ineligible 
to  ordination,  Philip  Henkel,  upon  his  own. authority  and  in  de- 
fiance of  all  law  and  order,  ordained  Candidate  J.  E.  Bell  and 
Catechist  David  Henkel  to  the  office  of  pastor. 


46  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

At  the  next  convention  of  Synod,  held  in  1820,  in  Lincolnton, 
in  a  church  served  by  David  Henkel,  the  Synod  refused  to  recog- 
nize the  unlawful  ordination,  and,  in  consequence,  there  was  a 
hot,  spirited  discussion — the  Synod  on  one  side,  with  Philip  and 
David  Henkel  on  the  other.  There  seemed  to  be  no  possibility 
of  a  reconciliation  ;  and,  as  David  Henkel  held  the  house  by 
right  of  his  pastorship,  in  the  interest  of  peace,  the  Synod  ad- 
journed to  the  hotel,  near  by,  and  continued  the  meeting. 
During  this  convention  Candidate  Bell  presented  himself  before 
Synod,  acknowledged  his  error  in  submitting  to  ordination  at  the 
hands  of  Rev.  Philip  Henkel  contrary  to  the  regulations  of  Synod, 
and  asked  to  be  reinstated  ;  pledging  himself  to  abide  by  the 
Constitution  and  decisions  of  Synod.  The  Synod  then  decided 
by  unanimous  vote,  first,  that  Candidate  Bell's  ordination  was  ille- 
gal and  invalid,  not  only  acccording  to  the  rules  and  regulations 
of  this  Synod,  but  according  to  the  rules  of  all  Christian  denomi- 
nations ;  and,  second,  that  in  view  of  his  repentance  and  confes- 
sion, and  his  promise  to  remain  loyal  to  the  Lutheran  Church  and 
faithful  to  his  ordination  vows,  his  ordination  be  made  valid  by 
this  Synod,  and  he  be  furnished  with  a  certificate  to  that  effect. 

But  the  ordination  of  David  Henkel  was  never  recognized  as 
valid,  he  having  never  returned  to  allegiance  to  the  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

The  friends  and  followers  of  David  Henkel,  after  a  short  ses- 
sion in  the  church,  adjourned  to  meet  again  the  following  July. 

Taking  all  this  into  consideration,  we  can  easily  understand 
how  a  man  of  his  disposition  and  aspirations  would  become  per- 
sonally offended  with  those  who,  as  he  might  have  expressed  it, 
held  him  back  from  the  realization  of  his  long-cherished  hopes 
and  desires,  and  how  that  personal  offense  might  lead  him  to 
antagonize  the  Synod,  and,  eventually,  to  lead  in  the  rupture,  as 
he  did.  And  the  fact  is,  that  in  all  his  after-recorded  utterances 
in  opposition  to  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  as  well  as  to  indi- 
vidual members  of  the  Synod,  those  deep  personal  differences 
stand  out  bold  and  prominent. 

The  only  reason  assigned  for  ignoring  the  Synod  when  it  met 
in  April,  and  afterward  claiming  themselves  to  be  the  Synod,  was 


THE  RUPTURE  OF  1819  AND  1820.  47 

that  the  Synod  had  violated  her  Constitution  in  changing  the 
time  of  meeting. 

The  Synod  was  organized  in  May,  and  had  held  one  meeting 
in  April,  one  in  August,  one  in  September,  and  ten  in  October 
up  to  181 7.  Then,  because  the  fall  time  was  often  sickly, 
the  time  for  the  annual  meeting  was  fixed  on  Trinity  Sunday. 
Synod  met  in  1S17  on  the  third  Sunday  in  October,  and,  as  there 
would  be  only  about  six  months  until  the  next  Trinity  Sunday,  it 
was  decided  to  hold  no  meeting  in  1818,  but  to  begin  the  new 
order  by  meeting  on  Trinity  Sunday,  181 9,  thus  allowing  eighteen 
months  to  lapse  between  the  two  conventions. 

From  the  beginning  the  older  pastors  had  felt  the  necessity  of 
a  closer  union  with  the  other  Lutheran  Synods  in  America,  and 
as  early  as  181 1  Revs.  Storch  and  Shober  advocated  the  opening 
of  a  correspondence  with  the  Pennsylvania  Synod,  with  this  ob- 
ject in  view.  But,  so  far  as  the  records  show,  nothing  came  of 
it,  and  nothing  more  was  heard  of  it  until  1818,  the  year  in 
which  there  was  no  meeting  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  when 
the  Pennsylvania  Synod  sent  out  an  official  invitation  asking  all 
the  Synods  to  send  deputies  to  her  next  annual  meeting,  which 
was  to  be  held  in  Baltimore  during  Trinity  week,  18 19,  for  the 
purpose  of  considering  the  necessity,  propriety,  and  feasibility  of 
organizing  a  General  Synod. 

Realizing  the  necessity  and  advantages  of  such  an  organization 
and  the  desirability  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod  being  repre- 
sented in  the  meeting,  and  in  order  that  delegates  might  be 
elected  and  instructed,  the  officers,  after  consultation  with  the 
majority  of  the  members,  called  the  Synod  together  on  April 
26th  instead  of  on  Trinity  Sunday,  which  that  year  occurred  some 
six  weeks  later.  Accordingly,  the  Synod  met,  there  being  present 
six  of  the  eight  pastors,  three  of  the  nine  candidates,  six  of  the 
seven  catechists,  and  twelve  lay  delegates,  perhaps  as  full  an 
attendance  as  had  ever  been  at  any  meeting  of  the  Synod,  and 
certainly  a  large  majority  of  the  Synod.  David  Henkel  was 
present,  and  was  tried  on  the  charges  preferred  against  him. 
Revs.  Paul  and  Philip  Henkel  and  Candidate  Bell  were  absent. 
These  three,  that  is,  David  Henkel,  Philip  Henkel,  and  J.  E.  Bell, 


48  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

afterward  claimed  that  the  changing  of  the  time  of  meeting  was 
unlawful,  a  violation  of  the  Constitution,  and,  as  already  stated, 
met  on  Trinity  Sunday,  and  proclaimed  themselves  the  Synod. 
That  it  would  have  been  better  and  wiser  for  those  in  favor  of 
the  General  Synod  to  have  possessed  their  souls  in  patience  until 
the  fixed  time  for  the  meeting  of  Synod,  no  one  will  question  ; 
but  that  it  was  an  assumption  of  power,  or  in  any  sense  a  viola- 
tion of  the  Constitution,  is  not  so  easily  established,  because  : 

1.  Although  the  Constitution  made  no  provisions  for  changing 
the  time  of  meeting  on  an  emergency,  yet  the  officers  pursued 
what  should  be  deemed  as  the  lawful  and  parliamentary  course, 
of  first  consulting  both  pastors  and  congregations,  obtaining  the 

.consent  of  the  majority  before  changing  the  time. 

2.  When  they  came  together  the  very  first  business  attended 
to  was  a  statement  by  the  President  why  the  time  had  been 
changed,  and  why  they  had  been  called  together  at  that  time, 
and  the  question  put,  demanding  that  they  should  say  whether 
or  not  this  was  the  regular  annual  meeting  of  the  Synod  for 
this  year?  Whereupon  it  was  unanimously  agreed  and  "al- 
lowed and  sanctioned  ' '  that  this  was  the  regular  annual  meet- 
ing for  this  year  ;  David  Henkel  being  present,  and  voting  in 
the  affirmative,  with  all  the  rest,  for  there  was  no  dissenting  vote. 
On  the  other  hand,  although  the  Constitution  did  not  fix  the 
number  necessary  for  a  quorum,  yet  when  the  opposite  party 
came  together,  on  Trinity  Sunday,  their  number  was  so  small 
that  they  did  not  even  claim  a  quorum  ;  and  hence  they  were 
not  competent  to  transact  any  business  in  the  name  of  the 
Synod. 

3.  The  very  fact  that  this  party  met  in  the  following  July  and 
organized  another  Synod  under  another  name  is  an  acknowledg- 
ment of  their  mistake,  and  that  the  body  that  met  on  April  26th, 
181 9,  was  the  regular  annual  convention  of  the  North  Carolina 
Synod. 

Opposition  to  the  General  Synod  has  been  declared  to  have 
been  another  cause  leading  up  to  the  rupture.  But  the  fact  is, 
that  if  there  had  ever  been  any  discussion  of  the  question  on  the 
floor  of  the  Synod,  prior  to  the  rupture,  there  is  no  record  of  it ; 


THE  RUPTURE  OF  1819  AND  1820.  49 

and  no  definite  steps  were  taken  looking  to  the  organization  of 
such  a  body  until  1818,  the  year  when  there  was  no  meeting  of  the 
North  Carolina  Synod  ;  and  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  North 
Carolina  Synod,  after  the  call  from  the  Pennsylvania  Synod,  it 
has  been  shown  above  that  the  North  Carolina  Synod  was  unani- 
mously in  favor  of  it. 

That  Revs.  Philip  and  David  Henkel  and  those  who  asso- 
ciated themselves  with  them  were  afterward  opposed  to  the  Gen- 
eral Synod  is  a  matter  of  history.  That  they  may  have  been, 
and  probably  were  before,  no  one  will  dispute.  But  the  records 
show  that  David  Henkel,  the  man  who  became  the  leader  of  the 
rupture,  and  who  afterward  was  so  bitter  against  the  General 
Synod,  voted  in  favor  of  it  upon  the  only  opportunity  that  he  had 
to  vote  upon  the  question  whilst  he  was  a  member  of  the  North 
Carolina  Synod,  and  that,  too,  only  six  weeks  before  his  open 
break  with  the  Synod  and  his  avowed  hostility  to  the  General 
Synod. 

Doctrinal  differences  have  been  assigned  as  another  cause  lead- 
ing up  to  the  rupture.  But  there  is  no  official  record  of  any 
doctrinal  differences  in  the  North  Carolina  Synod  until  the  time 
of  its  meeting  in  Lincolnton,  in  1820,  when  the  rupture  was 
actually  accomplished.  That  there  may  have  been  such  differ- 
ences between  individuals  is  not  at  all  unlikely,  but  if  there  were 
such  in  the  North  Carolina  Synod  there  is  no  record  of  it  ;  and 
hence  it  must  have  been  either  unknown  to  the  Synod  or  not 
thought  of  sufficient  importance  to  demand  its  attention. 

True,  there  had  arisen  a  difference  of  opinion  on  the  question 
of  licensure  and  ordination  ;  but  this  was  not  then  considered, 
and  really  was  not  a  doctrinal  difference,  but  rather  a  question 
as  to  the  wisest  plan  to  pursue  in  providing  men  for  the  work  of  the 
ministry,  for  which  there  was  such  a  constant  and  ever-increasing 
demand.  The  difference  was  not  as  to  grades  in  the  ministry, 
all  were  agreed  as  to  that,  but  as  to  whether  candidates  should  be 
ordained  before  being  authorized  to  perform  all  ministerial  acts, 
or  simply  receive  a  certificate  of  licensure.  The  question  origi- 
nated in  Lincoln  County.  The  following  year,  when  the  vote 
was  put  as   to  whether  or  not   they  should  continue  the  license 


5<3  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

system  as  heretofore,  there  was  but  one  vote  cast  in  the  negative,, 
and  that  was  by  Rev.  R.  J.  Miller. 

That  there  were  doctrinal  differences  at  the  time  of  the  rup- 
ture and  afterward  there  are  abundant  records  to  prove  ;  and 
hence  it  would  be  more  in  accordance  with  the  published  official 
records  to  say  that  doctrinal  differences  grew  out  of  the  rupture 
rather  than  that  they  were  the  cause  of  it. 

In  the  years  following  the  rupture  the  controversy  and  conten- 
tion centred  in  and  around  the  book  called  "Luther,"  written 
by  Rev.  G.  Shober,  at  the  appointment  of  Synod.  Concerning 
this  book  and  its  contents  there  are  some  remarkable  facts  stand- 
ing upon  record  : 

i.  In  1816  the  Rev.  Philip  Henkel  offered  a  resolution,  which 
was  adopted,  to  the  effect  that  "An  extract  of  all  our  protocol 
accounts  and  all  our  regulations  be  printed  in  the  English  lan- 
guage, in  view  of  the  fact  that  our  Church  is  still  unknown 
among  the  English-speaking  people."  The  Rev.  G.  Shober  was 
appointed  to  do  this  work. 

2.  In  181 7  Mr.  Shober  presented  his  manuscript  to  the 
Synod,  and  a  special  committee  was  appointed  to  examine  and 
pass  judgment  upon  it.  This  committee  consisted  of  Revs. 
Philip  Henkel  and  R.  J.  Miller  and  Candidate  J.  E.  Bell.  Be- 
fore the  final  adjournment  of  Synod  this  committee  reported 
that  they  had  examined  the  manuscript,  and  "do  highly  ap- 
prove of  its  contents,  and  recommend  it  to  be  published,  be- 
lieving that  it  will  have  a  beneficial  effect  throughout  our  con- 
gregations, and  give  succinct  information  to  other  Christians 
what  the  Lutheran  Church  is." 

Upon  the  report  of  this  committee  the  Synod  unanimously 
voted  to  have  fifteen  hundred  copies  of  the  book  published. 

3.  Revs.  Philip  and  David  Henkel,  who  were  afterward  its 
greatest  opponents,  heartily  endorsed  the  book,  voted  to  have 
fifteen  hundred  copies  printed,  and  zealously  circulated  it  up 
until  the  rupture  in  1820,  that  is,  for  three  years,  and  that  they 
did  not  make  settlement  for  the  books  placed  in  their  hands  until 
the  Synod  passed  a  resolution  instructing  that  they  be  forced  by 
law  to  do  so.      From  all  this  it  is  very  evident  that  there  were  no 


THE  RUPTURE  OF  1819  AND  1820.  51 

officially  recognized  doctrinal  differences  in  the  North  Carolina 
Synod  until  the  time  of  the  actual  rupture. 

It  is  a  fact  well  known  and  lamented  by  all  that,  for  many 
years  following  the  first  Lutheran  settlements  in  America,  the 
Church  had  gradually  departed  more  and  more  away  from  a 
sound  Lutheran  basis,  until  indifference  to  and  unsoundness  in 
doctrine,  together  with  laxity  in  practice,  had  become  the  pre- 
vailing features  of  Lutheranism. 

It  is  also  a  fact  well  known  and  rejoiced  in  that,  with  the 
organization  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  there  began  a  gradual 
awakening  to  a  realization  of  this  departure  and  a  correspond- 
ing gradual  return  to  the  true  Lutheran  position. 

At  the  time  of  the  rupture,  neither  those  who  withdrew  nor 
those  who  remained  true  to  the  Synod  had  yet  reached  that  true 
Lutheran  position.  They  were  all  together  on  the  way,  some, 
no  doubt,  in  advance  of  others,  but  all  reaching  for  the  desired 
goal. 

The  rupture,  when  it  came,  emphasized  these  facts,  and  did 
much  to  lead  all  to  a  closer  and  more  critical  study  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  and  her  doctrines.  But  it  is  a  lamentable  fact 
that  on  both  sides  a  bad  spirit  was  often  manifested,  and  much 
of  the  controversy  was  puerile  and  unprofitable  in  the  extreme. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

THE    LICENSE    SYSTEM. 

One  of  the  most  urgent  reasons  for  the  organization  of  the 
North  Carolina  Synod  was  that  its  ministers  might  be  in  a  better 
condition  to  supply  the  constantly  increasing  demand  for  pastors 
to  minister  to  the  spiritual  necessities  of  the  churches.  Time 
and  again  had  urgent  petitions  been  sent  to  the  Synod  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  elsewhere  asking  for  pastors  to  supply  their  vacant 
congregations,  but  the  same  paucity  of  ministers  existed  every- 
where in  America  ;  where,  as  yet,  there  were  no  Lutheran  col- 
leges and  theological  seminaries,  where  men  could  be  prepared 
for  the  Gospel  ministry.  It  was  also  very  difficult  to  secure  pas- 
tors from  Germany,  and,  hence,  they  realized  that  some  plan 
must  be  adopted  by  which  they  could  themselves  prepare  pious 
men  at  home  for  this  work,  until  such  time  when  the  necessary 
institutions  of  learning  could  be  established  in  this  country. 

It  was  not  their  design  to  provide  an  easy  method  of  entering 
the  ministry,  nor  did  they  encourage  uneducated  men  or  men  of 
doubtful  character  to  apply.  In  accordance  with  the  teachings  of 
the  Scriptures  and  the  practice  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  Ger- 
many, they  believed  in  and  wanted  a  thoroughly  educated  ministry, 
and  their  ultimate  aim  was  to  secure  and  perpetuate  such  a  min- 
istry in  the  churches  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod.  But,  neces- 
sarily, years  must  pass  before  they  could  reach  their  ideal,  and 
hence  that  they  might  supply  the  already  existing  churches  and 
occupy  the  ever-widening  field  opening  to  them  some  imme- 
diate measures  must  be  adopted. 

Following  the  example  of  the  Pennsylvania  Synod,  they 
adopted  what  came  to  be  called  "The  License  System,"  a 
policy  purely  American,  so  far  as  the  Lutheran  Church  was  con- 
cerned. Under  this  system,  pious  laymen,  who  appeared  to  have 
the  necessary  natural  endowments,  were  selected  and  licensed  to 

(50 


THE    LICENSE    SYSTEM.  53 

perform  certain  specified  ministerial  functions,  for  some  fixed  length 
of  time,  within  prescribed  limits,  subject  to  the  approval  of  Synod, 
while  they  were  pursuing  their  studies,  preparing  for  ordination, 
always  under  the  supervision  and  instruction  of  one  or  more 
ordained  ministers  of  the  Synod. 

At  the  First  Annual  Convention  of  Synod,  held  in  Lin- 
colnton,  N.  C,  October  17th,  1803,  Mr.  Philip  Henkel  appeared 
asking  for  ordination,  and  at  the  Second  Convention,  held  in 
Leonard's  Church,  near  Lexington,  N.  C. ,  John  Michael  Rickert 
and  Ludwig  Markert  applied  for  license.  Thus,  at  the  very 
beginning  of  the  life  of  the  Synod,  this  question  of  licen- 
sure pressed  itself  upon  them,  and  as  long  as  practiced,  at  every 
convention,  thereafter,  it  came  before  the  Synod  in  some  way 
or  form. 

At  first  there  were  no  published  definite  regulations  for  the 
work  ;  they  simply  met  each  case  as  it  came  before  them,  adopt- 
ing that  which,  under  the  circumstances,  seemed  for  the  best. 
But  as  time  advanced,  and  the  work  grew  more  and  more  in 
their  hands,  they  began  to  realize  the  necessity  for  some  definite 
fixed  laws  and  regulations  by  which  it  should  be  governed. 

Up  to  18 1 3  it  had  grown  to  be  the  custom  to  allow  any  two 
ministers  at  their  own  will  and  upon  their  own  judgment,  be- 
tween the  conventions  of  Synod,  to  license  young  men  to  preach 
until  the  meeting  of  Synod  ;  but  that  year,  "  after  much  delibera- 
tion, it  was  concluded  that  no  license  shall  hereafter  be  granted 
by  ministers  in  the  vacation  of  a  Synod.  That  at  the  Synod  no 
young  person  shall  be  licensed  to  preach  and  baptize  before 
examination,  and  that  on  every  application,  especially  the  first, 
it  shall  be  decided  whether  the  applicant  shall  also  be  licensed 
to  baptize  ;  that  if  such  applicant  thereafter  approve  himself  faith- 
ful, diligent,  and  qualified,  and  he  be  received  by  congregations 
as  their  spiritual  teacher,  he  shall  then  be  admitted  as  a  full 
candidate  for  the  holy  office,  and,  after  examination,  receive 
written  authority  to  administer  the  Holy  Sacraments  in  such 
congregations,  or  in  those  to  which  he  may  be  appointed  by 
Synod,  and  nowhere  else,  and  that  this  authority  shall  only  be 
in  force  for  one  year,  or  to  the  next  Synod." 


54  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

At  the  Convention  of  1814,  these  regulations  were  reaffirmed 
as  the  rule  or  law  of  the  Synod,  and  the  following  added :  "That 
hereafter  no  uneducated  person  shall  receive  license  to  preach 
until  he  has  studied  with  one  of  our  pastors,  and  is  twenty-one 
years  of  age. " 

At  the  Convention  of  181 5  it  became  the  law  of  Synod  that 
if  a  '-'candidate  be  overcome  by  indolence,  loss  of  courage,  care 
or  anxiety  for  daily  bread,  etc.,  such  candidate  be  reduced  to  an 
exhorter  or  catechist.  If  he  be  a  catechist,  he  shall  be  put  out  of 
office." 

The  Synod,  thus  drawing  a  distinction  between  candidate  and 
catechist,  brought  out  at  the  next  convention,  in  1816,  an  of- 
ficial statement  as  to  what  was  called  grades  in  the  ministry,  as 
follows  : 

"  1.  Catechists,  who  are  still  pursuing  a  course  of  study,  and 
in  addition  to  that,  at  the  same  time,  are  preaching,  baptizing, 
and  catechising,  but  are  under  the  supervision  of  the  Minis- 
terium,  and  are  being  instructed  by  one  ordained  minister. ' ' 

"2.  Candidates,  who  perform  all  ministerial  acts,  but  are  lim- 
ited to  certain  congregations." 

"  3.  JDeacons,  who  differ  from  candidates  only  in  ordination, 
but  otherwise  have  no  greater  rights  and  privileges." 

■"  4.  Pastors,  who  have  for  three  years  enjoyed  systematic  in- 
struction under  an  ordained  minister,  and  who  have  also  studied 
the  languages  somewhat. ' ' 

From  the  very  beginning  of  the  Synod  there  appear  to  have 
been  different  opinions  held  upon  this  question  of  licensure  and 
ordination  ;  some  holding  that  no  one  should  be  permitted  to 
preach  or  administer  the  sacraments  without  full  ordination,  and 
that  all  should  be  ordained  so  soon  as  allowed  to  begin  minis- 
terial work,  even  though  young,  inexperienced,  and  with  very 
limited  attainments  ;  whilst  others  held  that  no  one  should  be 
ordained  until  he  was  fully  prepared,  or  as  much  so  as  the  cir- 
cumstances would  admit ;  and  that  it  was  both  Biblical  and  Luth- 
eran that  a  written  authority  or  license  was  equally  as  valid  as  the 
imposition  of  hands. 

In  an  effort  to  reach  a  settlement  of  the  question,  the  Synod 
officially  laid  the  matter  before  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania 


nSmm    *&& 

■■  2BSB 

RFV.    DANIEI     J.   HAUER,  D.   D. 

Licensed  A.  D.  1826,  by  North  Carolina 
Synod.  Ordained  A.  D.  1828,  by  North  Caro- 
lina Synod.  Still  living  when  this  book  was 
written  in  1901 ;  has  since  died,  in  his  96th  year. 


THE    LICENSE    SYSTEM.  55 

asking  for  its  views  and  practice.      The  following  was  the  reply 
received  : 

"  Upon  motion,  the  ordained  ministers  were  requested,  ac- 
cording to  last  year's  resolution  of  the  Ministerium,  to  express 
their  opinion  on  the  question,  as  submitted  by  the  Carolina  Min- 
isterium for  an  answer ;  namely,  Whether  candidates  have  the 
right  to  perform  all  ministerial  acts  without  previous  imposition 
of  hands  ? 

"  Several  gave  their  opinion  verbally  and  some  in  writing; 
whereupon  it  was  unanimously  concluded  that,  according  to  the 
Bible  and  church  history,  a  written  permission  (license)  is  just 
as  valid  as  the  imposition  of  hands  ;  that  therefore  our  minis- 
terial arrangement  is  not  contrary  to  the  order  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church,  and  that  therefore  candidates,  when  they  are 
licensed,  can  perform  all  actus  ministeriales  with  a  good  con- 
science. ' ' 

This  view  was  the  position  held  by  the  large  majority  of 
Synod,  but  at  this  convention,  that  is,  1816,  not  because  of 
a  change  of  opinion,  nor  an  acknowledgment  of  error,  but  solely 
in  the  interest  of  peace,  it  was  agreed  that  for  that  year  all  licen- 
tiates should  receive  their  written  license  papers,  with  a  bene- 
diction and  the  imposition  of  hands.  In  181  7  the  subject  was 
again  discussed  under  the  following  form,  viz.:  "Shall  the  rule 
and  regulation  we  have  been  observing  when  granting  permisson 
to  candidates  to  administer  the  sacraments  "  (that  is,  without 
ordination)  "  be  continued  or  not?  " 

The  conclusion  reached  was  practically  unanimous  in  the 
affirmative  ;  that  is,  not  to  ordain,  there  being  but  one  vote  in 
the  negative  by  Rev.  R.  J.  Miller. 

This  continued  to  be  the  rule  and  regulation  of  the  Synod  for 
many  years,  the  Synod  gradually  enlarging  and  developing  the 
system  as  circumstances  demanded,  until,  in  1846,  the  following 
was  embodied  as  an  article  of  her  Constitution  : 

"  Chapter  XI. 

"  Examination  and  Licensure  of  Candidates . 

"Section  i.  The  examination  shall  be  conducted  by  a  com- 
mittee of  two  or  more  ordained  ministers  appointed  for  the  pur- 
pose at  the  time.      As  these  examinations  may  be  interesting  and 


56  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

useful  to  the  whole  Ministerium,  it  is  recommended  that  they  be 
performed  before  the  whole  body." 

"Section  2.  After  the  examination  by  the  committee  every 
member  of  the  Ministerium  has  a  right  to  ask  the  applicant  any 
additional  questions." 

"  Section  3.  The  examination  ought  to  embrace  the  following 
subjects,  viz. :  Personal  Piety  and  the  Motives  of  the  Applicant 
for  Seeking  the  Holy  Office,  the  Greek  and  Hebrew  Scriptures, 
the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  Natural  and  Revealed  Theology, 
Church  History,  Pastoral  Theology,  the  Rules  of  Sermonizing, 
and  Church  Government." 

"Section  4.  The  ceremony  of  licensure  shall  be  performed 
as  follows  :  An  address  from  the  President  as  prescribed  in  the 
liturgy  ;  he  shall  read  the  duties  and  privileges  of  the  licentiate, 
and  then  propose  to  him  the  following  questions  : 

"  1 .  Do  you  believe  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment to  contain  the  Word  of  God,  and  that  it  is  the  only  infalli- 
ble rule  of  faith  and  practice  ? 

"2.  Do  you  believe  that  the  fundamental  doctrines  of  the 
Word  of  God  are  taught  in  a  manner  substantially  correct  in  the 
doctrinal  articles  of  the  Augsburg  Confession  ? 

"3.  Do  you  promise  by  the  aid  of  God  faithfully  to  perform 
all  the  duties  of  a  Christian  minister,  and  to  submit  yourself  to 
the  rules  of  government  and  discipline  of  this  body  so  long  as 
you  remain  a  member  of  it  ?  " 

"Section  5.  These  questions  being  answered  in  the  affirma- 
tive, the  President  offers  up  a  suitable  prayer,  delivers  him  his 
license,  and  concludes  with  a  short  address  as  directed  in  the 
liturgy. " 

"Section  6.  During  the  recess  of  the  Synod  the  President 
may  extend  license  to  candidates  who  may  come  well  recom- 
mended, and  whom  on  proper  examination  he  may  deem  quali- 
fied to  discharge  the  duties  of  the  ministry  :  provided,  however, 
that  the  extension  of  license  in  such  case  be  not  in  conflict  with 
the  provision  of  Section  6,  Chapter  X." 

"  Section  7.  All  licenses  shall  extend  to  the  next  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  Ministerium,  and  shall  be  renewed  as  a  matter  of 
course,  whether  the  licentiate  be  present  or  not,  unless  satis- 
factory reasons  are  known  to  the  Ministerium  which  render  a  re- 
newal inexpedient ;  and  if,  for  any  reason,  no  meeting  be  held  at 
the  appointed  time,  the  licenses  granted  by  said  Ministerium 
shall  remain  in  force  until  revoked  at  a  subsequent  meeting." 

"  Section  8.  If  a  licentiate  after  some  time  of  probation  does, 
in  the  judgment  of  the  Ministerium,  prove  himself  unqualified  for 
the  duties  of  the  ministry,  his  license  shall  be  withdrawn." 


THE    LICENSE    SYSTEM.  57 

This  continued  to  be  the  law  of  the  Synod  until  1869,  when, 
upon  recommendation  of  the  President,  Rev.  L.  A.  Eikle,  D.  D., 
the  following  action  was  taken  : 

"  Inasmuch  as  we  can  discover  no  authority  in  the  Word  of 
God  for  the  licensure  system,  nor  any  warrant  for  the  same  in 
our  Lutheran  articles  of  faith  and  practice,  and,  as  it  has  only 
been  introduced  in  this  country  as  a  provisional  custom  for  the 
speedy  supply  of  ministers,  therefore  we  submit  the  following 
resolutions  : 

"  Resolved,  That  our  Constitution  be  so  amended  that  from 
this  day  forward  we  abolish  the  practice  of  licensing  candidates 
for  the  ministry  before  their  ordination. 

"Resolved,  That  we  will  ordain  no  candidates  coming  from 
our  Church,  or  any  sister  denomination,  whose  education  is  not 
equal,  at  least,  to  the  close  of  the  Sophomore  Class  studies  in 
any  college,  and  a  two  years'  course  in  a  Lutheran  theological 
seminary. 

"  Resolved,  That  these  changes  shall  not  be  regarded  as  affect- 
ing our  present  licentiates,  who  shall  be  permitted  to  enjoy  the 
privileges,  and  prepare  for  ordination,  as  before  provided." 

The  following  year,  that  is,  T870,  the  Constitution  was  re- 
vised and  the  license  system  abolished.  At  that  time  there  were 
three  young  men  under  license,  viz.:  J.  H.  Fesperman,  R.  L. 
Brown,  and  W.  R.  Ketchie.  These  were  ordained  in  1871, 
and  were  the  last  licentiates  that  the  Synod  has  had.  From  the 
beginning  up  to  that  time,  the  Synod  had  eighty  licentiates. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE    SYNOD'S    CONNECTION    WITH    THE    GENERAL    BODIES    OF    THE 

CHURCH. 

During  the  early  period  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  many 
disintegrating  influences  were  at  work,  threatening  the  life  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  America.  Prominent  among  these  were 
the  rationalistic  tendencies  in  the  Ministerium  of  New  York, 
the  unionistic  efforts  with  the  German  Reformed  Church,  prin- 
cipally in  Pennsylvania,  and  the  attempts  of  the  Episcopalians 
in  North  Carolina  to  draw  the  Synod  into  their  connection. 

Surrounded  with  such  influences  for  years,  it  is  not  at  all  sur- 
prising that  the  Lutheran  Church  drifted  more  and  more  into 
the  whirl  of  a  nondescript  unionism,  then  so  common,  and 
further  and  further  away  from  the  moorings  of  true  Lutheran 
faith  until,  to  the  more  thoughtful  and  conservative,  a  crisis 
seemed  to  be  at  hand,  demanding  the  taking  of  some  steps  that 
would  counteract  these  baneful  influences  and  save  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  America  from  utter  disintegration. 

A  union  of  all  the  Lutheran  Synods  in  America  into  one  general 
body  seemed  to  them  to  be  the  one  thing  necessary  to  accom- 
plish the  desired  end.  To  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania  be- 
longs the  honor  of  having  initiated  this  work.  As  early  as  1807 
she  sent  a  letter  to  the  North  Carolina  Synod  urging  the  neces- 
sity of  a  closer  union  of  the  different  Synods  for  mutual  protec- 
tion and  assistance.  Nothing  definite,  however,  came  of  it  at 
that  time  for  the  reasons  stated  in  the  following  action  of  the 
North  Carolina  Synod,  taken  in  1812  : 

"A  fervent  wish  being  expressed  to  enter  into  nearer  and 
more  cordial  connection  with  the  brethren  professing  our  faith  in 
Pennsylvania,  a  letter  of  the  year  1807,  addressed  to  our  min- 
istry, from  the  ministry  of  Pennsylvania,  then  in  Synod  assembled, 
was  read.     We  felt  sorrow  that  because  in  said  and  the  succeed- 

(58) 


CONNECTION  WITH  GENERAL  BODIES  OF  THE  CHURCH.   59 

ing  year  no  full  Synod  had  here  assembled.  The  same  had  been 
mislaid,  and  the  receipt  never  acknowledged  and  the  same  never 
answered. 

"  Revs.  Storch  and  Shober  were  hereupon  appointed  in  the 
name  of  this  ministry  to  answer  the  said  letter. ' ' 

Here  again  the  matter  rested,  nothing  further  being  done  for 
several  years.  But  that  was  the  germ,  planted  by  the  Spirit  of 
God,  out  of  and  from  which  has  come  all  that  has  been  accom- 
plished in  the  line  of  general  work.  The  seed  was  sown  ;  time, 
with  the  blessings  of  God,  developed  it  into  a  thrifty  plant  that 
has  brought  forth  abundant  fruit  to  the  lasting  good  of  the  whole 
Lutheran  Church  in  America. 

The  next  step  in  the  work  was  in  181S,  when  a  call  was  issued 
by  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania,  asking  that  representatives 
from  the  different  Synods  be  assembled  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  at 
the  time  of  the  regular  annual  meeting  of  the  Ministerium, 
during  Trinity  week,  1S19,  for  the  purpose  of  considering  a  plan 
to  be  proposed  for  the  closer  union  of  all  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Synods  in  America. 

In  response  to  this  call  the  North  Carolina  Synod  held  "  That 
toward  such  a  union  of  our  Church,  in  this  extensive  country, 
all  possible  assistance  ought  to  be  rendered  on  our  part,"  and 
elected  her  Secretary,  the  Rev.  G.  Shober,  to  attend  the  meet- 
ing, authorizing  him,  under  certain  conditions,  to  favor,  in  the 
name  of  the  Synod,  the  formation  of  the  proposed  union. 

When  the  North  Carolina  Synod  convened  in  1820,  at  Lin- 
colnton,  N.  C,  Rev.  Shober  reported  that  he  had  attended  the 
meeting,  and  that  a  plan  of  union  had  been  agreed  upon,  which 
was  submitted  for  the  consideration  of  Synod.  After  a  thorough 
and  careful  examination  and  discussion  of  the  plan  it  was  found 
to  be  not  entirely  satisfactory  to  the  Synod  :  but,  in  view  of  the 
universally  recognized  necessity  for  such  a  general  union,  it  was, 
at  length,  adopted  by  a  more  than  two-thirds  majority  vote,  and 
two  ministers  and  two  laymen  were  elected  to  represent  the  Synod 
in  a  meeting  to  be  held  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  on  the  2 2d  of  the 
following  October,  for  the  purpose  of  effecting  an  organization. 
Two  of  these,  Revs.  G.  Shober  and  P.  Schmucker,  attended  the 


60  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

meeting,  and,  as  stated  in  a  former  chapter,  endeavored,  in  the 
name  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  to  secure  a  recognition  of 
the  Augsburg  Confession  in  both  the  plan  of  union  and  the  Con- 
stitution submitted  at  that  time  for  adoption  ;  and,  although 
they  failed  in  their  efforts,  the  Synod,  after  careful  and  prayer- 
ful consideration,  decided  to  remain  in  the  union,  thereby  exert- 
ing a  strong  and  telling  influence  in  favor  of  confessional 
Lutheran  ism. 

For  forty-two  years  the  North  Carolina  Synod  held  its  place 
as  an  integral  part  of  the  General  Synod,  taking  an  active  and 
prominent  part  in  all  of  its  deliberations  and  work,  until  the  war 
between  the  States  drove  the  Synods  of  the  South  to  the  neces- 
sity of  forming  another  general  organization. 

In  1 86 1  the  North  Carolina  Synod  met  in  Wilmington,  N.  C. 
At  this  convention  a  special  committee  on  "  Church  Relations," 
consisting  of  Revs.  D.  H.  Bittle,  J.  A.  Linn,  and  S.  Rothrock, 
presented  the  following  preamble  and  resolutions,  which  were 
unanimously  adopted  : 

"Whereas,  In  the  distracted  condition  of  our  once  happy 
country,  we  deem  it  impracticable  to  send  our  delegates  to  the 
next  meeting  of  the  General  Synod,  about  to  convene  at  Lan- 
caster, Pa. ;  and,  feeling  that  other  Synods  South  are  in  a  similar 
situation  with  this  body,  therefore," 

"  Resolved,  That  we  recommend  a  convention  of  all  Southern 
delegates  to  the  General  Synod  to  meet  at  Salisbury,  N.  C, 
on  Thursday,  preceding  the  third  Sabbath  in  May,  1862,  for  the 
purpose  of  endorsing  the  proceedings  of  the  next  meeting  of  the 
General  Synod,  if  practicable  ;  otherwise  to  take  such  steps  as 
may  best  promote  the  future  harmony  and  prosperity  of  that  por- 
tion of  the  Church  represented  by  the  absent  delegates." 

' '  Resolved,  That  we  hereby  commission  our  present  delegates 
to  the  General  Synod  to  attend  the  said  convention." 

' '  Resolved,  That  the  Corresponding  Secretary  of  this  body 
be  instructed  to  inform  all  our  Synods  in  the  South  of  this  action 
and  ask  their  co-operation." 

At  the  meeting  of  Synod  held  in  Organ  Church,  in  1862,  the 
Salisbury  Convention  not  yet  having  been  held,  the  following 
additional  action  was  taken,  viz.: 


REV.   DANIEL   I.   DREHER. 


CONNECTION    WITH    GENERAL     BODIES    OF    THE    CHURCH.        6 1 

"Whereas,  This  Synod  was  formerly  connected  with  the 
General  Synod  of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  which  we 
are  represented  by  delegates,  we  have  now  arrived  at  the 
solemn  conviction  that  it  is  essential  to  the  good  of  our  Church 
and  the  glory  of  God  that  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches 
of  these  Confederate  States  withdraw  all  connection  with  the 
Northern  General  Synod,  and  by  this  solemn  and  unanimous  act 
declare  our  connection  as  a  Synod  dissolved." 

'■'■Resolved,  That  we  are  in  favor  of  forming  a  General  Synod 
of  the  Confederate  States,  on  the  basis  of  the  Augsburg  Confes- 
sion, and  that  our  delegates  elected  to  the  convention  to  be  held 
in  Salisbury,  N.  C,  in  this  month,  be  empowered  to  vote  for 
such  an  organization." 

"  Resolved,  That  in  the  event  of  the  formation  of  a  Southern 
General  Synod,  our  delegates  be  empowered  to  represent  us  in 
that  Synod." 

In  pursuance  of  these  resolutions,  the  following  were  elected 
as  delegates,  viz.:  As  Principals,  Revs.  D.  I.  Dreher,  J.  A. 
Linn,  and  G.  I).  Bernheim,  and  Messrs.  C.  Melchor,  P.  A.  Sif- 
ferd,  and  R.  Winecoff ;  and,  as  Alternates,  Revs.  William  Artz, 
J.  D.  Sheck,  and  S.  Rothrock,  and  Messrs.  L.  G.  Heilig,  J. 
Shimpoch,  and  M.  Barringer. 

The  meeting  was  held  at  the  appointed  time  and  the  Southern 
General  Synod  was  organized,  the  North  Carolina  Synod  having 
the  honor  of  initiating  the  movement. 

Although  the  Southern  General  Synod  did  not  accomplish  all 
that  had  been  hoped  for  it,  and  although  the  union  was  only  par- 
tial, yet  the  North  Carolina  Synod  continued  to  work  in  harmony 
with  it  until  1870,  when  its  delegation,  upon  returning  from  the 
meeting  held  in  Winchester,  Va.,  submitted  the  following  report  : 

"  The  undersigned,  elected  to  represent  this  body  in  the  Sixth 
Convention  of  the  General  Synod  in  North  America,  would  re- 
spectfully report  that  they  attended  said  convention,  which  was 
held  in  Winchester,  Va.,  commencing  June  9th,  1870. 

"  Nothing  of  special  interest  was  transacted.  Your  delegates 
cannot  say  that  they  were  forcibly  struck  with  the  efficiency  of 
the  General  Synod.  There  seems  to  be  a  disposition  on  the  part 
of  several  District  Synods  to  propose  and  adopt  important 
measures  for  selfish  purposes  and  not  for  the  general  welfare  of 
our  Church  South.      They  apparently  forget  that  said  body  is  a 


62  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

general  body,  organized  to  legislate  for  the  benefit  of  the  whole 
Church,  and  not  for  the  promotion  of  private  or  local  interests. 
Such  '  clannishness, '  if  continued,  it  must  be  evident  to  every 
reflecting  mind,  will  not  only  impair  the  future  usefulness  of  the 
General  Synod,  but  eventually  prove  its  destruction. 

"  Will  it  not  be  well  to  inquire,  at  this  time,  what  advantage  to 
the  Church  will  it  be  to  continue  in  connection  with  a  body 
which  has,  in  all  probability,  served  its  day  ? 

' '  Signed  by  L.  A.  Bikle,  Chairman, 

11  G.  D.  Bernheim, 
"  C.  H.  Bernheim, 
"  S.  Scherer, 
"P.  A.  Sifferd, 
"P.  N.  Heilig." 

This  report  was  unanimously  adopted  and  the  Synod  at  once 
severed  its  relations  with  the  Southern  General  Synod. 
In  187 1  the  Synod  adopted  the  following: 

' '  Resolved,  That  we  deprecate  the  causes  that  have  produced 
divisions  in  our  beloved  Zion,  and  we  pray  God  that  all  'such 
divisions  may  speedily  be  healed. 

"Resolved,  That  we  stand  prepared  to  be  governed  by  the 
indications  of  the  great  Head  of  the  Church,  in  reference  to  any 
general  organization,  sound  in  the  faith,  that  is  likely  to  bind  the 
Church  in  the  unity  of  the  Spirit  and  the  bond  of  peace. ' ' 

Then  for  nine  years,  or  until  1880,  she  stood  independent  of 
all  general  bodies,  devoting  her  energies  almost  exclusively  to 
the  cultivation  of  her  own  field. 

But  this  state  of  affairs  was  not  at  all  in  accordance  with  her 
long-established  principles,  and,  as  time  passed,  she  came  more 
and  more  to  realize  her  abnormal  position.  Accordingly,  in 
1880,  the  following  action  was  taken  : 

"Resolved,  That  Rev.  Dr.  L.  A.  Bikle  be  sent  by  this  Synod 
as  a  Commissioner  to  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  General  Synod 
of  North  America,  at  its  approaching  meeting,  to  be  held  in 
Richmond,  Va.,  to  inquire  into  the  doctrinal  position  of  that 
body,  with  a  view  to  an  organic  union  with  it. ' ' 

Dr.  Bikle  accepted  the  commission,  attended  the  meeting, 
and,  in  1881,  reported  favorably,  and  the  Synod  again  became  a 
part  of  the  Southern  General  Synod,  in  active  co-operation. 


CONNECTION  WITH  GENERAL  BODIES  OF  THE  CHURCH.   63 

During  all  these  years,  reaching  back  to  the  first  organization 
of  the  Northern  General  Synod,  the  Tennessee  Synod  had  al- 
ways remained  an  independent  body. 

In  1872  the  Holston  Synod  had  withdrawn  from  the  Southern 
General  Synod,  and,  in  1874,  had  united  with  the  General 
Council. 

It  was  felt  to  be  very  desirable  that  the  whole  Lutheran  Church 
in  the  South  should  be  united  into  one  general  body,  and,  in 
1883,  efforts  began  to  be  made  that  finally  resulted  in  the  call- 
ing for  a  Diet,  to  meet  at  Salisbury,  N.  C,  in  November,  1884, 
for  the  purpose  of  considering  the  possibility  of  effecting  such 
a  union. 

The  North  Carolina  Synod  did  its  full  part  in  the  Diet,  which 
unanimously  adopted  a  confessional  basis  that  is  soundly  Scrip- 
tural and  genuinely  Lutheran. 

The  Diet  then  adjourned,  to  meet  in  Roanoke  City,  Va.,  at 
the  time  of  the  regular  meeting  of  the  Southern  General  Synod, 
in  1885. 

At  that  time  and  place,  after  mature  deliberation,  the  South- 
ern General  Synod  was  merged  into  the  "United  Synod  in  the 
South,"  all  the  Synods  of  the  South  entering  into  that  organiza- 
tion. In  this  general  body,  the  third  in  which  the  North  Caro- 
lina Synod  has  been  largely  instrumental  in  organizing,  she  still 
exerts  a  strong,  conservative  influence. 

Thus  it  is  seen  that  the  North  Carolina  Synod  has  been  iden- 
tified with  the  general  work  of  the  Church  from  the  very  begin- 
ning, and  that  her  influence  has  been  given  in  favor  of  sound 
conservative  Lutheranism. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  EDUCATIONAL  WORK  OF  THE  SYNOD. 

The  Lutheran  Church  has  always  been  an  educational  church. 
Ignorance  and  superstition  were  things  that  Luther  fought  with 
all  his  might,  while  the  diffusion  of  light  and  knowledge  was 
that  for  which  he  always  labored.  True  to  her  birthright,  the 
North  Carolina  Synod  has  always  firmly  stood  for  general  educa- 
tion among  the  people,  and  especially  for  a  thoroughly  educated 
ministry. 

In  1772,  when  Organ  and  St.  John's  Churches  sent  commis- 
sioners to  Germany  in  search  of  a  pastor,  they  were  also  in- 
structed to  secure  a  school  teacher.  And  when,  in  1773,  they 
returned,  they  brought  both  with  them,  thus  closely  identifying 
the  work  of  the  church  and  of  the  school.  And  when,  thirty 
years  later,  the  North  Carolina  Synod  was  organized,  she  did 
not  forget  to  place  the  church  and  the  school  side  by  side  when- 
ever and  wherever  practicable,  and  from  that  beginning  down 
to  the  present  her  pastors  have  often  officiated  in  both  capacities. 

The  early  records  bear  witness  to  the  Synod's  deep  interest  in 
the  educational  work,  and  her  realization  of  the  need  of  better 
facilities  for  the  promotion  of  the  work,  by  her  constant  inquiries 
of  and  plans  for  the  establishment  of  schools,  as  well  as  by  her 
many  and  large  appropriations  for  their  support. 

The  Tennessee  School. 

As  early  as  18 16,  two  members  of  the  Synod,  Philip  Henkel 
and  Joseph  E.  Bell,  established  a  school  in  Green  County,  Tenn., 
in  which  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  German,  and  English  were 
taught.  This  was  a  private  enterprise,  but,  in  181 7,  it  was 
adopted  as  the  school  of  the  Synod,  and  an  appropriation  of 
money  made  to  help  support  it. 

The  beginning  was  auspicious,  and  but  for  the  schism  in  the 

(64) 


THE  EDUCATIONAL  WORK  OF  THE  SYNOD.  65 

Synod,  that  began  at  the  next  convention,  in  1819,  the  institu- 
tion might  have  been  a  grand  success.  Unfortunately  for  the 
undertaking,  however,  Mr.  Bell,  shortly  after  the  rupture,  sev- 
ered his  relations  with  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  Mr.  Henkel 
became  so  embittered  and  antagonistic  toward  the  North  Caro- 
lina Synod  that  she  declined  to  have  anything  more  to  do  with 
it,  and  the  school  soon  dwindled  away  and  finally  died. 

In  1820,  following  close  on  her  withdrawal  from  an  interest  in 
the  Tennessee  school,  an  effort  was  made  to  induce  the  Synod  to 
unite  with  other  denominations  in  the  establishment  of  a  uni- 
versity. But,  notwithstanding  her  deep  interest  in  the  question 
of  education  and  earnest  desires  for  better  facilities,  she  respect- 
fully but  firmly  declined  such  an  enterprise,  knowing  that  such 
were  usually  but  theological  battle-grounds,  and  seldom  accom- 
plished much  else. 

Theological  Seminary. 

The  Theological  Seminary  of  the  General  Synod  at  Gettys- 
burg, Pa.,  was  established  in  1826.  In  that  enterprise  the  North 
Carolina  Synod  took  a  deep  interest  and  an  active  part,  furnish- 
ing both  men  and  means,  and  has  sent  many  of  her  young  men 
there  as  students,  the  first  of  which  were  the  Revs.  S.  W.  Harkey, 
D.  D.,  Theophilus  Stork,  D.  D.,  and  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D. 

In  1830  the  South  Carolina  Synod  established  a  literary  school 
and  theological  seminary.  The  institution  opened  with  flatter- 
ing prospects  and  was  conducted  exclusively  by  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod,  with  good  success,  until  1836.  In  that  year  a  dele- 
gation from  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  consisting  of  Rev.  E.  L. 
Hazelius,  D.  D.,  and  Mr.  Henry  Muller,  presented  themselves 
on  the  floor  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
sulting as  to  the  possibility  of  uniting  the  two  Synods  in  the 
support,  management,  and  benefits  of  the  seminary,  then  located 
at  Lexington,  S.  C. 

They  were  cordially  received  and  invited  to  "  a  seat,  and  vote, 
and  participation  in  all  the  transactions  of  the  Synod,"  and,  at 
the  proper  time,  presented  the  following  propositions  : 

"  1.  The  Synod  of  South  Carolina  will  allow  that  of  North 
Carolina  such  share  in  the  government  of  the  institution  estab- 


66  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

lished  at  Lexington  as  their  portion  of  the  funds  shall  equitably 
entitle  them  to." 

"  2.  The  students  from  North  Carolina  that  enter  the  semi- 
nary shall  be  entitled  to  free  tuition,  as  well  as  the  students  from 
South  Carolina." 

"  3 .  The  fund  collected  by  our  brethren  of  North  Carolina 
shall  remain  under  the  control  of  the  Synod  of  North  Carolina, 
and  only  its  yearly  proceeds  made  over  to  the  Treasurer  of  our 
seminary." 

The  Synod  listened  to  these  propositions  with  deep  interest, 
unanimously  accepted  them,  and  voted  :  "That  each  minister  of 
this  Synod  be  constituted  an  agent  to  solicit  and  raise  all  the 
contributions  he  can,  at  home  and  abroad,  for  the  support  of  the 
seminary,"  and  elected  the  President,  Rev.  William  Artz  and 
Colonel  John  Smith,  as  Principals,  with  Rev.  H.  Graeber  and 
Mr.  Moses  L.  Brown  as  Alternates,  "to  meet  the  Synod  of 
South  Carolina  at  its  next  meeting;"  instructing  them  to 
"strictly  adhere  to  the  propositions  made,"  and  "make  no 
agreement  to  raise  a  larger  sum  of  money  "  than  should  be  re- 
ported to  them  by  the  different  pastors  by  the  first  day  of  the 
following  October. 

In  1837  Rev.  Artz  reported  that  he  had  attended  the  meeting 
of  the  South  Carolina  Synod,  and  that  the  following  had  been 
agreed  upon  :  ' '  That  no  business  of  any  kind  connected  with 
the  interests  of  the  seminary  shall  be  transacted  by  the  Board  of 
Directors,  or  by  any  portion  of  the  Board,  until  the  Directors 
residing  in  North  Carolina  shall  have  been  advised  of  the  nature 
of  such  business,  and  their  opinions  obtained  in  writing ;  and, 
also,  that  no  important  change  shall  be  made  in  the  statutes  and 
government  of  the  seminary,  even  should  the  Directors  in  North 
Carolina  agree  to  such  alterations,  until  the  sense  of  the  Synod 
in  that  State  shall  be  known  ;  and,  finally,  that  the  right  be  con- 
ceded to  the  two  Synods  respectively  to  rescind  this  agreement 
and  annul  the  obligations  growing  out  of  the  same,  whenever,  in 
the  opinion  of  either  body,  such  a  dissolution  is  advisable." 

To  these  conditions  the  North  Carolina  Synod  gave  its  hearty 
approval,  and  made  it  obligatory  upon  all  students  under  its  care 


REV.   S.   ROTHROCK,   D.   D. 


THE  EDUCATIONAL  WORK  OF  THE  SYNOD.  67 

to  prosecute  their  studies  at  this  seminary,  and  reported  $530.70 
for  the  seminary  fund. 

The  co-operation  of  the  two  Synods  in  the  support  of  this 
seminary,  thus  so  happily  begun,  continued  uninterruptedly, 
and  with  entire  satisfaction,  until  1855,  when  the  North  Caro- 
lina Synod,  having  established  an  institution  of  its  own  and 
upon  its  own  territory,  withdrew  from  the  compact  and  trans- 
ferred its  fund,  then  amounting  to  $1040.05,  to  its  own  institu- 
tion. During  the  nineteen  years  of  co-operation,  the  Synod 
had  paid  between  $1200.00  and  $2000.00  interest  into  the  semi- 
nary treasury,  and  had  sent  many  of  her  young  men  as  students. 
The  fund  had  been  considerably  larger  than  the  above  amount, 
but  had  been  lessened,  in  1842,  by  the  withdrawal  of  the  con- 
tributions of  those  congregations  that  united  to  form  the  South- 
west Virginia  Synod. 

For  years  it  had  been  the  desire  of  the  Synod  to  have  a  liter- 
ary institution  of  its  own  upon  its  own  territory,  but  nothing 
tangible  was  accomplished  until  July  21st,  1852,  when  the 
Synod  met  in  extra  session  at  Concord,  N.  C,  for  the  express 
purpose  of  maturing  a  plan  for  the  establishment  of  such  an 
institution.  At  that  convention  it  was  decided  to  establish  an 
institution  to  be  known  as 

The  Western  Carolina  Male  Academy. 

A  plan  for  the  same  was  adopted,  and  a  temporary  Board  of 
Directors  was  appointed.  This  board  met  at  Organ  Church, 
December  2d,  1852,  and,  after  a  long  consideration  of  the  prop- 
ositions laid  before  it,  decided  to  locate  the  academy  at  Mount 
Pleasant,  N.  C. 

At  the  next  regular  convention  of  Synod,  held  in  Newton,. 
April,  1853,  the  above  actions  were  all  approved  and  ratified,, 
and  a  permanent  Board  of  Directors  elected  as  follows  :  Revs. 
S.  Rothrock,  J.  D.  Sheck,  J.  A.  Linn,  W.  G.  Harter,  S.  Scherer, 
and  L.  C.  Groseclose,  and  Messrs.  C.  Melchor,  M.  Barrier,  J. 
Shimpoch,  C.  A.  Heilig,  D.  Barrier,  and  C.  L.  Partee. 

A  Committee  of  Correspondence  was  appointed  consisting  of 
Revs.  S.  Rothrock,   J.  D.  Sheck,  and  J.  A.  Linn,  who  were -to 


68  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

endeavor  to  find  a  suitable  man  to  take  charge  of  the  academy ; 
and  that  there  might  be  no  unnecessary  delays,  the  President 
was  authorized  to  call  a  special  meeting  of  Synod,  if  needed. 
On  the  question  of  ways  and  means  for  the  new  institution  the 
Synod  adopted  the  following : 

"Whereas,  This  Synod  is  now  in  possession  of  a  fund,  en- 
titled the  "  Centenary  Fund,"  the  interest  of  which  has  hereto- 
fore been  applied  to  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  Education  and 
Missionary  Society  ;   therefore, ' ' 

'■'■Resolved,  That  the  interest  now  due  on  said  fund  be  added 
to  the  principal ;  that  to  this  principal  and  interest  be  added  a 
sufficient  sum  to  swell  the  whole  amount  to  $600.00,  and  that 
said  $600.00  be  and  is  hereby  transferred  to  the  endowment 
funds  of  Western  Carolina  Academy,  located  at  Mount  Pleasant, 
N.  C." 

At  the  convention  held  in  1854  the  President  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  reported  that  the  board  had  purchased  16^  acres 
of  land  at  $5.00  per  acre,  and  had  contracted  for  the  erection 
of  a  suitable  building  at  a  cost  of  $7000.00,  to  be  completed  by 
the  first  day  of  January,  1855  ;  that  the  cash  and  subscriptions 
then  in  hand  amounted  to  $6000.00,  and  that  in  consequence 
there  was  a  deficit  of  something  over  $1000.00  •  and  that  appli- 
cation had  been  made  to  the  State  authorities  for  a  charter  for 
the  institution.  The  Synod  approved  all  the  actions  of  the 
board,  and,  with  a  view  to  supplying  the  deficiency  in  funds, 
adopted  the  following : 

"Resolved,  That  we  most  earnestly  recommend  that  each 
minister  of  this  Synod,  by  the  earliest  possible  convenience,  call 
on  his  congregations  for  subscriptions  and  donations  for  Western 
Carolina  Male  Academy,  and  that  said  ministers  report  the  result 
of  their  efforts  to  the  Board  of  Directors  by  the  first  day  of  Sep- 
tember next." 

Upon  the  report  of  the  Committee  of  Correspondence  the 
Synod  unanimously  elected  Rev.  William  Gerhardt  of  Northamp- 
ton County,  Pa.,  as  the  Principal  and  professor,  and  instructed 
the  President  to  inform  him  at  once. 

Rev.  Gerhardt  accepted  the  call  and  entered  upon  his  work 


THE  EDUCATIONAL  WORK  OF  THE  SYNOD.  69 

March  ist,  1855.  And  to  the  Synod,  that  year,  the  President 
of  the  Board  of  Directors  reported  that  the  erection  of  the  main 
building  was  progressing,  the  corner-stone  having  been  laid  July 
4th,  1854  ;  that  they  had  contracted  for  the  erection  of  a  pro- 
fessor's house  to  cost  $1425.00  ;  that  the  sum  of  $3858.00  had 
already  been  paid  out ;  that  in  cash  and  good  subscriptions  there 
was  then  in  hand  $2278.00  ;  and  that,  consequently,  there  was 
a  debt  of  $2947.00. 

In  view  of  these  facts  the  Synod  took  the  following  action  : 

"■Resolved,  That  the  agreement  entered  into  with  the  Synod 
of  South  Carolina  by  this  Synod  in  the  support  of  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  at  Lexington,  S.  C,  by  the  payment  of  the 
yearly  interest  of  the  funded  capital  for  education,  be  and  is 
hereby  dissolved  ;  that  said  fund  be  transferred  to  the  Board 
of  Directors  of  Western  Carolina  Male  Academy,  to  be  under 
the  control  and  direction  of  the  same  for  its  use  and  benefit ;  and, 
lastly,  that  said  fund,  without  its  proceeds,  be  subject  to  an 
order  of  withdrawal  by  this  Synod  at  any  time. ' ' 

This  fund  then  amounted  to  51040.05. 

In  1856  the  President  of  the  board  reported  that  the  academy 
was  in  successful  operation  ;  that  an  assistant  professor  had  been 
employed  ;  that  ample  provisions  were  being  made  for  the  accom- 
modation of  students;  that  an  agent  to  collect  funds  for  the  in- 
stitution had  been  employed;  that  5500.00  had  been  collected; 
that  the  entire  cost  thus  far  was  about  510,000.00;  and  that 
there  was  a  debt  of  about  53000.00  to  meet,  which  the  board 
had  employed  two  agents  to  solicit  donations  for  the  benefit 
of  the  institution. 

In  1858  the  board  reported  the  indebtedness  gradually  grow- 
ing less,  and  suggested  the  question  of  "  having  the  charter  so 
amended  as  to  immediately  change  the  academy  into  a  college." 

In  response  to  this  the  Synod  took  the  following  action  : 

"Whereas,  We  are  fully  persuaded  that  a  crisis  in  our  insti- 
tution has  arrived  when  a  change  is  absolutely  necessary  for  its 
future  prosperity ;   therefore, ' ' 

"Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Directors  of  Western  Caro- 
lina  Male  Academv  be  and  are  herebv  instructed  to  have  the 


70  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

charter  of  our  institution  amended  so  as  to  change  it  from  an 
academy  into  a  college,  with  the  power  of  conferring  degrees." 

"  Resolved,  That  this  college  be  named  North  Carolina  Col- 
lege, and  subject  to  the  control  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Synod  of  North  Carolina." 

"Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Directors  are  advised,  if  prac- 
ticable, to  elect  a  President  of  North  Carolina  College  at  its 
next  meeting,  the  20th  inst.,  and  that  he  act  as  agent  to  collect 
funds  for  it  until  his  services  are  required  in  the  institution." 

The  question  of  the  removal  of  the  academy  from  Mount 
Pleasant  to  Concord  having  arisen,  an  extra  session  of  Syond 
was  held  at  Lutheran  Chapel,  August,  1858,  to  consider  the 
matter.  As  preparatory  to  the  consideration  the  following  was 
adopted  : 

"yli  Whereas,  This  Synod,   at   its  regular  annual   meeting  in  • 
May  last,  instructed  the  Board  of  Directors  of  Western  Carolina 
Male  Academy  to  have  the  charter  of  said  institution  so  amended 
as  to  change  it  from  an  academy  into  a  college,  with  the  power 
of  conferring  degrees  ;  and, ' ' 

"Whereas,  Said  academy  is  located  at  Mount  Pleasant, 
Cabarrus  County  ;   therefore, ' ' 

"  Resolved,  That  the  college  to  be  created  out  of  the  academy 
aforesaid  cannot,  in  good  faith,  be  located  at  any  other  place 
than  the  present  locality  of  said  academy,  unless  it  can  be  shown 
by  clear  and  satisfactory  reasons  that  the  present  location  of 
said  academy  would  be  unsuitable  for  the  contemplated  college  : 
and  unless  it  can  be  further  shown  that  some  other  location 
would  tend  to  the  greater  prosperity  of  said  contemplated  col- 
lege." 

"  Resolved,  That  an  opportunity  be  now  offered  to  the  friends 
of  Concord  for  them  to  show  why  the  college  should  not  be 
located  at  Mount  Pleasant ;  and  that  Concord  offers  superior 
advantages  for  the  location  of  the  college  at  that  place." 

After  a  long  discussion,  covering  the  sessions  of  Friday,  Satur- 
day, Monday,  and  Tuesday  morning,  the  following  was  adopted 
by  a  majority  of  three  : 

"Resolved,  That  this  Synod  has  heard  with  attention  the 
statements  of  the  advocates  of  the  location  of  our  contemplated 
college  at  Concord,  but,  in  view  of  all  the  facts  in  the  case,  this 


THE'  EDUCATIONAL  WORK  OF  THE  SYNOD.  7 1 

Synod   still   believes   that   the  prosperity  of  the  institution  de- 
mands that  it  remain  at  Mount  Pleasant." 

In  view  of  the  contemplated  transition,  the  Synod 

"Resolved,  That,  from  and  after  the  attainment  of  a  college 
charter,  the  present  Board  of  Directors  of  Western  Carolina 
Male  Academy  be  and  are  hereby  constituted  the  Board  of 
College  until  the  next  meeting  of  our  Synod." 

"Resolved,  That  the  President-elect  of  our  institution,  so  soon 
as  he  shall  have  accepted  the  appointment,  be  constituted  by  this 
Synod  ex  officio  a  member  of  the  Board." 

The  State  Legislature,  session  of  1858-59,  amended  the  charter, 
and  the  institution  became  known  as 

North  Carolina  College. 

In  i860  two  additional  buildings  were  erected  and  other  im- 
provements made  at  a  cost  of  $8000.00,  bringing  the  entire  cost 
of  the  institution  up  to  $20,000.00. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  in  1S61  the  college  had  an  invested 
endowment  fund  of  $20,000.00,  four  professors,  and  one  hundred 
students,  and  bid  fair  to  become  still  more  prosperous.  But 
many  of  the  students  entered  the  Confederate  army,  the  profes- 
sors resigned,  and  the  institution  was  closed. 

After  the  close  of  the  war  the  college  was  re-opened  and  the 
good  work  resumed,  and  in  1869  the  Board  reported  the  college 
out  of  debt,  with  $10,000.00  of  the  endowment  fund  lost  by  the 
war  and  the  remaining  $10,000.00  invested  in  State  bonds,  which 
were  under  par  and  affording  no  income.  With  varied  success, 
the  work  of  the  college  continued  until  1879,  when  the  old 
State  bonds  were  sold,  at  a  sacrifice,  and  the  proceeds  applied  to 
the  accumulated  debt,  which  then  amounted  to  $4000.00. 

An  extra  session  of  Synod  was  called,  and  met  at  Mount  Pleas- 
ant, December  10th,  1885,  to  consider  the  question  of  and  devise  a 
plan  for  again  endowing  the  college.  After  long  and  careful  consid- 
eration it  was  decided  to  raise  an  endowment  fund  of  $15,000.00, 
and  Rev.  W.  Kimball  was  appointed  agent,  who  in  1888  reported 
the  whole  amount  raised.      Durina:  the  vears  that  have  followed 


72  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

much  and  lasting  good  has  been  accomplished  by  the  college. 
Thousands  of  young  men  have  attended  her  sessions,  sixty  have 
graduated,  and  in  the  different  walks  and  departments  of  life  the 
good  influence  of  it  has  been  felt. 

And  during  all  these  years  the  Synod  has  done  nobly  for  her 
institution,  giving  from  first  to  last  more  than  $50,000.00  for  its 
establishment  and  support. 

Mont  Amoena  Female  Seminary. 

While  the  Synod  was  thus  actively  and  successfully  engaged 
in  the  work  of  educating  its  young  men,  it  was  not  forgetful  of 
its  duty  to  its  young  women;  and  accordingly,  in  1858,  when 
it  was  found  impracticable  to  move  its  male  school  to  Concord, 
it  adopted  the  following  : 

' '  Resolved,  That  .  .  .  we  as  a  Synod  pledge  ourselves 
to  co-operate  with  Concord  in  the  establishment  of  a  female 
college  at  that  place,  and  that  we  await  their  proposals,  to  be 
tendered  at  our  next  meeting  of  Synod,  for  consideration." 

No  proposals  were  made,  and  in  consequence  nothing  came 
of  the  resolution  except  that  it  brought  the  subject  of  female 
education  more  prominently  before  the  people,  and  fostered  the 
growing  interest  in  such  a  work ;  for,  early  in  the  spring  of 
1859,  an  institution  was  organized  at  Mount  Pleasant,  N.  C, 
under  the  name  of  Mont  Amoena  Female  Seminary,  with  Mrs. 
Dr.  Bittle,  Principal,  and  Mr.  Paul  Miller,  President  of  its 
Board  of  Directors. 

This  was  a  purely  private  enterprise,  entered  into  without  any 
consultation  with,  or  help  from,  the  Synod. 

In  the  following  year,  i860,  the  Committee  on  Education  in 
its  report  to  Synod  said  :  "  Your  committee  is  pleased  to  find 
a  general  interest  manifested  in  the  Church  upon  the  subject  of 
female  education  ;  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  Church  will  make 
such  provision  as  to  meet  this  growing  demand.  We  would 
recommend  to  this  body  the  propriety  of  taking  the  initiatory 
steps  for  the  establishment  of  a  female  institution." 

Upon  this  recommendation  the  Synod  appointed*  a  special 
committee,  consisting  of  Revs.  L.  C.  Groseclose,  D.  I.  Dreher, 


THE  EDUCATIONAL  WORK  OF  THE  SYNOD.  73 

and  A.  Phillippi,  "  To  report  at  the  next  meeting  of  our  Synod 
a  plan  for  the  successful  establishment  of  a  female  institution 
within  the  bounds  of  our  Synod." 

Before  the  next  meeting  of  Synod  the  war  between  the  States 
begun,  and  under  its  baneful  influences  nothing  more  was  done 
toward  establishing  the  school.  Mont  Amoena  Seminary,  how- 
ever, continued  to  be  conducted  as  a  private  enterprise,  and  in 
1868,  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D.,  who  had  become  owner 
of  the  property  of  the  school,  proposed  to  make  the  seminary 
an  institution  of  the  Church,  offering  it  to  the  Synod  for  the 
sum  of  $2000.00,  and  proposing  to  become  the  Synod's  agent 
for  the  procurement  of  funds,  by  voluntary  contributions,  to 
purchase  the  property. 

In  response  to  this  generous  offer,  the  Synod  appointed  Revs. 
S.  Scherer,  L.  C.  Groseclose,  and  Capt.  J.  A.  Fisher  as  a  special 
committee  to  confer  with  Dr.  Bernheim,  and  report  the  result. 

At  the  same  session  the  committee  reported  as  follows  : 

"  Whereas,  In  the  judgment  of  your  committee  it  is  highly 
important  to  the  prosperity  of  our  Church  that  this  Synod  have 
under  its  supervision  and  control  a  first-class  female  seminary  ; 
and," 

"Whereas,  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim  of  this  Synod  has  pro- 
posed to  make  a  transfer  to  this  Synod  of  Mount  Pleasant  Female 
Seminary  on  the  following  conditions  :" 

"  1.  That  a  full  title  be  made  as  soon  as  $2000.00  shall  have 
been  raised,  this  being  the  amount  of  indebtedness  on  the  insti- 
tution, said  Bernheim  agreeing  to  pay  interest  and  taxes  on  the 
property  as  long  as  he  holds  it  in  possession." 

"2.  That  a  bond  for  title  be  made  at  the  earliest  conveni- 
ence." 

"3.  That  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim  agrees  to  act  as  agent  of 
Synod,  to  collect  funds  to  liquidate  this  debt,  under  the  instruc- 
tion of  the  Board  of  Trustees  to  be  appointed  by  Synod." 

"  4.  That  all  the  personal  property  donated  by  virtue  of  Rev. 
Bernheim's  last  year's  voluntary  agency  to  the  North  be  here- 
with transferred  ;  and  that  he  be  required  to  furnish  to  the  Board 
at  its  first  meeting  a  schedule  of  said  property. ' ' 

"5.  That  this  Synod  shall  not  be  held  responsible  for  any 
pecuniary  liabilities  in  this  transaction." 

"  6.   That   if  the   amount   to  be  collected  ($2000.00)  is  not 


74  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

raised  by  G.  D.  Bernheim,  all  moneys  collected  by  him  for 
this  specified  object,  before  or  after  this  present  meeting  of 
Synod,  be  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  Synod,  to  be  applied  to 
the  erection  of  a  female  seminary. ' ' 

"  i.  Resolved,  That  this  Synod  cheerfully  accept  the  aforesaid 
proposition  with  the  conditions  annexed." 

"2.  Resolved,  That  it  forthwith  elect  a  Board  of  Trustees  for 
the  seminary,  consisting  at  present  of  six  members." 

"3.  Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Trustees  meet  in  the  semi- 
nary, and  organize  as  soon  as  practicable  for  the  transaction  of 
business." 

The  report  of  the  committee  was  adopted,  and  the  Board  of 
Trustees  elected  for  one  year  as  follows  :  Revs.  L.  A.  Bikle 
and  L.  C.  Groseclose,  Dr.  J.  L.  Henderson,  Capt.  J.  A.  Fisher, 
Messrs.  J.  J.  Misenheimer,  Alexander  Foil,  and  L.  G.  Heilig. 

In  1869,  Dr.  Bernheim  reported  the  completion  of  his  work 
as  agent,  having  secured  enough  to  pay  the  debt  and  all  necessary 
expenses,  and  the  title  to  the  property  was  conveyed  to  the 
Synod.  Since  then  numerous  additions  and  improvements  have 
been  made  to  the  property,  and  from  first  to  last  the  Synod  has 
appropriated  something  over  $5000.00  for  the  institution.  The 
institution  is  and  always  has  been  self-sustaining,  and  has  gradu- 
ated sixty-seven  young  ladies. 

Beneficiary  Education. 

The  Synod  has  always  believed  in  and  practiced  what  is  known 
as  beneficiary  education,  or,  in  other  words,  rendering  pecuniary 
assistance  to  worthy  but  indigent  young  men  in  their  prepara- 
tion for  the  work  of  the  Gospel  ministry. 

The  early  records,  as  to  this  work,  are  not  at  all  as  full  as  we 
could  wish,  but  beginning  with  D.  Moser,  in  181 1,  Synod  has 
assisted  hundreds  of  young  men,  and  has  expended  for  this  work, 
on  a  conservative  estimate,  not  less  than  $10,000.00. 


CHAPTER    X. 

THE    CATECHETICAL  AND  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  WORK    OF  THE  SYNOD. 

From  the  time  when  Xussman  and  Arends  first  came  to  North 
Carolina,  up  to  the  organization  of  the  Synod,  that  is,  for  a 
period  of  thirty  years,  the  few  Lutheran  Churches  then-  in  exist- 
ence in  North  Carolina  had  been  served  almost  entirely  by  men 
who  had  been  educated  in  Germany,  where  the  only  recognized 
way  of  becoming  an  active  member  of  the  Church  was  through 
a  thorough  course  of  catechisation,  followed  by  confirmation. 

Thoroughly  indoctrinated  themselves,  as  well  as  firmly  be- 
lieving in  the  Scripturalness  and  wisdom  of  this  method,  they 
insisted  that  all  who  should  become  confirmed  members  of  the 
Church  under  their  administration  must  first  be  thoroughly 
taught  at  least  Luther's  Smaller  Catechism  :  and  when,  in  1803, 
the  Synod  was  organized,  it  planted  itself  firmly  and  squarely 
upon  the  sound  Lutheran  practice  of  catechisation.  From  that 
position  the  Synod  has  never  departed.  True  there  may  have 
been  individuals  and  congregations  that  have,  at  different  times, 
belonged  to  the  Synod,  that  discarded  or  disregarded  the  good 
old  custom,  preferring  some  "new  measures,"  but  the  Synod 
itself  has  always  held  the  one  position,  recognizing  the  catechet- 
ical class  as  the  most  Scriptural  means  under  God  of  preserving 
and  perpetuating  the  purity,  peace,  unity,  and  strength  of  the 
Church  as  a  whole,  as  well  as  the  stability  and  faithfulness  of  her 
members.  And  the  wisdom  of  the  position  is  seen  throughout 
all  the  history  of  the  Synod  ;  for  its  brightest  spiritual  lights, 
both  in  pulpit  and  pew,  have  been  those  who  have  come  to  con- 
firmation through  this  God-given  and  time-honored  practice  of 
catechisation. 

Long  before  the  organization  of  the  Synod  the  Rev.  Nussman 
appealed  to  the  Helmstaedt  Mission  Society  for  suitable  books  for 
•the  benefit  of  his  people,  especially   for  a   suitable  Catechism. 

(75)' 


76  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

His  efforts  were  crowned  with  success,  for  a  new  and  special  edi- 
tion of  the  "  Helmstaedt  Catechism  "  was  published  under  the 
title  of  the  "North  Carolina  Catechism,"  and  sent  over  to 
Nussman.  This  book  was  used  for  years,  and  was  held  in  high 
esteem  both  here  and  in  Germany. 

At  the  very  First  Annual  Convention,  in  1803,  Philip  Henkel 
came  before  the  Synod  as  a  licensed  catechist,  and  from  that  day 
on  until  the  license  system  was  finally  abolished,  in  1869,  the 
Synod  always  had  men,  in  addition  to  the  fully  ordained  pastors, 
whose  special  duty  it  was  to  catechise  the  youths  and  children  in 
preparation  for  confirmation  ;  and,  that  none  might  be  neglected, 
at  different  times  appropriated  money  with  which  to  purchase 
Catechisms  for  the  use  of  those  who  were  financially  unable  to 
supply  themselves. 

In  1806,  possibly  because  some  one  or  more  may  have  slighted 
or  neglected  the  practice,  the  Synod  adopted  the  following : 

"Resolved,  That  no  pastor  in  our  connection  shall  confirm 
children,  except  in  cases  of  absolute  necessity,  without  a  six 
weeks'  preparation." 

It  is  difficult  for  us  of  the  present  day  to  realize  how  rapidly 
and  how  extensively  this  part  of  their  work  grew  and  increased 
upon  their  hands.  Not  only  from  the  field  in  North  Carolina, 
but  from  several  other  States,  the  cry  was  constantly  coming  ask- 
ing that  their  children  might  be  properly  instructed  and  con- 
firmed in  the  Church  of  their  fathers.  In  18 13  word  was  brought 
to  the  Synod  of  two  hundred  and  forty-one  persons,  in  one  local- 
ity, who  were  anxious  to  be  instructed  in  the  Catechism  ;  and  at 
every  convention  of  Synod  this  subject  was  before  its  ministry  in 
some  way,  or  in  some  light,  demanding  their  constant  attention. 

At  first  Catechisms  were  very  scarce  and  difficult  to  procure  ;. 
but  as  time  advanced  they  were  rapidly  produced  by  different 
persons,  both  in  the  German  and  English  languages. 

That  none  of  these  were  perfect,  we  can  easily  understand  ; 
and  that  many  of  them  were  imperfect  and  some  very  defective, 
we  all  know  ;  and  in  consequence,  in  1811,  the  question  arose 
in  Synod  as  to  which  Catechism  should  be  used  as  the   basis- 


CATECHETICAL    AND    SUNDAY    SCHOOL    WORK    OF    SYNOD.        77 

of  instruction  ?  Whereupon  it  was  unanimously  agreed  that 
"  Luther's  Smaller  Catechism  must  ever  be  the  basis  of  catechet- 
ical instruction."  But  that  other  Catechisms  might  be  used  by 
way  of  explanation,  at  the  discretion  and  judgment  of  the 
pastors. 

As  the  fruits  of  this  catechetical  work  of  the  Synod,  reports 
were  submitted  in  1811  showing  that  up  to  that  time  more  than 
two  thousand  young  people  had  been  confirmed  in  the  churches. 

In  those  days  it  was  customary,  when  Synod  was  to  meet  in  a 
certain  church  at  a  certain  time,  for  the  pastor  to  prepare  his 
class  for  the  occasion.  The  Synod  would  assemble  on  Sunday  ; 
hold  divine  service,  consisting  of  the  preaching  of  the  Word,  fol- 
lowed by  confirmation  and  the  administration  of  the  Lord's 
Supper.  The  records  show  that  often  between  seventy -five  and 
one  hundred  were  confirmed  upon  such  occasions. 

All  down  through  the  years  that  have  passed  since  then  this 
catechetical  work  has  been  going  on,  and  has  been  blessed  of  God 
to  the  ingathering  of  thousands  upon  thousands  of  children  and 
youths  who  have  grown  up  to  become  the  pillars  of  the  Church, 
and  whose  descendants  are  to-day  the  bone  and  sinew  of  our  dif- 
ferent congregations. 

In  this  centennial  year  of  the  Synod,  throughout  all  its  borders 
the  catechetical  class  is  the  normal  way  of  preparing  the  young 
for  confirmation,  and  continues  to  be  held  as  the  most  Scriptural 
and  satisfactory  way. 

Next  to  the  history  of  the  Church,  both  in  importance  and 
interest,  is  the  history  of  the  Sunday  School  work. 

Unlike  the  Church,  which  is  of  divine  institution,  Sunday- 
Schools  are  human  expedients  devised  and  adopted  for  the  pur- 
pose of  supplementing  the  work  of  the  Church, 

Originating  in  Europe  in  1550,  they  were  introduced  in  Amer- 
ica in  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century ;  but  it  was  not 
until  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century  that  they  became 
anything  like  general. 

Philadelphia,  1791  ;  New  Jersey,  1794;  New  York,  1804; 
New  Hampshire,  1805;  Massachusetts,  1810  ;  Connecticut, 
181 5  ;  and  Ohio,  181 6,  are  some  of  the  historic  dates  of  the  be- 


78  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

ginnings  of  Sunday  Schools.  In  1807  G.  Shober,  then  a  lay- 
man in  the  Moravian  Church,  and  Martin  Rippel,  a  layman  of 
the  Lutheran  Church,  organized  a  Sunday  School  five  miles  from 
Salem,  N.  C,  on  the  road  leading  from  Salem  to  Lexington. 
This  was  the  first  Sunday  School  ever  organized  in  the  State  of 
North  Carolina,  and  resulted  in  the  organization  of  Hopewell 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  which  united  with  the  North  Car- 
olina Synod  in  181 2.  By  mutual  agreement  the  house  was  built 
by  Mr.  Rippel,  and  the  school  and  congregation  were  served  by 
Mr.  Shober,  who,  in  18 10,  was  ordained  by  the  North  Carolina 
Synod.  Hence  the  Synod  has  the  honor  of  having  had  the  first 
Sunday  School  in  the  State.  The  school  has  been  in  continuous 
existence  from  that  date  to  this,  a  period  of  ninety-six  years. 

The  Synod  at  once  recognized  the  great  good  that  might  be 
accomplished  in  this  line  of  work,  sanctioned  and  endorsed  it, 
and  wisely  adopted  it  in  her  system. 

In  1816  it  "  Earnestly  recommended  that  all  its  ministers  es- 
tablish Sunday  Schools  in  all  our  churches,"  stipulating  that  they 
should  be  ' '  under  the  supervision  of  the  pastor,  and  should  be 
opened  and  closed  with  singing  and  prayer. ' '  * 

The  following  year  five  schools  were  reported  as  established, 
four  in  Guilford  and  one  in  Stokes  County,  From  that  day  to 
this  the  Synod  has  always  approved  of  and  encouraged  the  Sun- 
day School  work  when  kept  within  its  legitimate  bounds. 

*  German  Minutes,    1816,  page  4. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

MISCELLANEOUS    MATTERS    OF     INTEREST. 

Liturgy. 

At  the  very  beginning  of  the  life  of  the  Synod,  and  for  many 
long  years  before,  the  Lutheran  congregations  in  North  Carolina 
were  theoretically  liturgical,  though,  so  far  as  known,  this  theory 
was  not  often  put  into  actual  practice. 

St.  John's  Church  of  Cabarrus  County,  as  early  as  1782, 
adopted  the  Order  of  Service  used  in  the  German  Lutheran  Court 
Chapel  of  St.  James,  in  London,  England,  and  it  is  presumed 
used  it ;  but  for  how  long  and  to  what  extent  the  congregation 
participated,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  Synod,  the  question  of  an  "  Agende" 
or  liturgy  was  constantly  before  the  ministers,  pressing  upon 
them  and  demanding  a  solution.  Frequent  correspondence 
was  had  with  the  brethren  of  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania, 
who  were  at  that  time  preparing  to  publish  such  a  work ;  but 
after  waiting,  in  vain,  until  1817,  the  Synod  then  recommended 
for  use  in  the  churches  the  "English  Liturgy"  of  the  New 
York  Synod  and  the  English  Hymn  Book,  published  by  Rev. 
Paul  Henkel,  together  with  the  "  Gemeinschaftliche  Gesang- 
buch,"  Union  Hymn  Book,  published  by  Schaeffer  and  Maund. 

Whether  or  not  the  congregations,  in  the  regular  services,  ever 
gave  the  responses,  the  records  do  not  show  ;  but,  taking  into 
consideration  the  scarcity  of  books  and  the  difficulty  of  obtain- 
ing them,  the  isolation  of  the  congregations,  the  lack  of  educa- 
tion, and  the  influences  of  those  around  them,  who  were  out- 
spoken in  their  objections  to  all  liturgical  worship,  it  is  doubtful 
if  the  congregations  ever  gave  the  responses  until  the  introduction 
of  the  Book  of  Worship  of  the  Southern  General  Synod.  With  its 
introduction  began  a  healthy  revival  and  growth  of  liturgical  wor- 
ship, which  has  gradually  advanced  until  to-day  there  are  but  few 

(79) 


So  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

congregations  in  the  Synod  that  are  satisfied  with  anything  less 
than  the  full  morning  service  of  our  present  Book  of  Worship.  It 
is  still  true  that  neither  all  of  our  congregations  nor  all  of  our 
members  unite  in  the  service,  but  it  is  growing,  and  as  time  ad- 
vances will  become  more  and  more  generally  used. 

Confess! 07i  and  Absolution. 
The  Lutheran  custom  of  holding  special  preparatory  services 
on  a  day  previous  to  the  time  fixed  for  the  administration  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  generally  has  been  and  is  to-day  the  rule  of  the 
Synod. 

Government. 

In  government  the  Synod  has  always  been  congregational. 
In  its  first  Constitution,  Article  II.,  the  declaration  is  made 
that  "The  members  of  Synod  are,  first,  ministers,  and,  second, 
one  lay  delegate  from  each  congregation,  on  presentation  of  a 
certificate  of  his  election  as  delegate  from  the  congregation  he 
represents. ' ' 

In  practice  the  Synod  has  always  carefully  refrained  from 
legislating  in  matters  that  rightfully  belong  to  the  congregation, 
•confining  itself  to  those  things  delegated  to  it  by  the  congrega- 
tions in  their  subscription  to  its  Constitution. 

Discipline. 
Of  its  ministers,  the  Synod  has  always  demanded  purity  of 
life  and  conformity  to  its  regulations,  and  has  never  hesitated 
to  exercise  and  enforce  discipline. 

Temperance  and  Liquor   Traffic. 

On  the  subject  of  temperance  the  Synod  has  always  taken  a  firm 
stand,  not  only  in  enforcing  discipline  upon  those  who  were  in- 
temperate, but  also  in  placing  upon  record  her  mature  convic- 
tions on  the  subject. 

In  1855  the  following  was  adopted  as  the  sentiment  of  the 
Synod  : 

"  1.  Resolved,  When  the  immorality  of  any  business  is  placed 
beyond  the  possibility  of  doubt,  it  is  the  duty  of  all  Christians 
to  frown  upon  every  attempt  to  license  such  traffic  or  crime. ' ' 


MISCELLANEOUS    MATTERS    OF    INTEREST.  8 1 

"2.  Resolved,  That  legal  enactments  should  never  conflict 
with  moral  law  ;  and  that  the  entire  traffic  in  intoxicating 
drinks,  except  for  medicinal  and  mechanical  purposes,  should  be 
stayed  at  once  and  forever  by  the  strong  arm  of  the  law." 

"3.  Resolved,  That  this  Synod  regards  the  manufacture  of 
and  traffic  in  and  use  of  ardent  spirits,  as  a  beverage,  inconsist- 
ent with  Christian  character  ;  that  no  member  of  our  churches 
should  be  indulged  in  the  manufacture,  traffic,  or  intemperate 
use  of  intoxicating  liquors  ;  and  that  all  our  pastors,  church 
councils,  and  members' be  urgently  and  most  earnestly  requested 
to  co-operate  in  suppressing  the  great  evil  of  drunkenness  in  our 
country  and  the  world. ' ' 

In  1863  the  following  was  adopted  : 

"Whereas,  The  practice  of  distilling  spirituous  liquors  out 
of  fruit  has  prevailed  to  an  alarming  extent  among  our  farmers, 
since  the  passage  of  an  act  by  our  Legislature  prohibiting  such 
distillation  out  of  corn  and  other  cereals  ;   therefore, ' ' 

"  Resolved,  That  it  is  the  duty  of  our  ministers  to  discounte- 
nance this  practice  by  every  lawful  means  at  their  disposal." 

In  1882  the  following  expressed  the  sentiment  of  Synod  : 

"  Whereas,  The  grace  of  God,  conveyed  to  the  heart  through 
the  divinely  appointed  means,  affords  the  only  power  by  which 
the  grievous  sin  of  intemperance  can  be  effectually  overcome  ; 
and,' ' 

"  Whereas,  All  efforts  in  behalf  of  the  overthrow  of  this 
monstrous  evil,  ignoring  this  important  fact,  will  prove  abortive, 
therefore  ;  be  it," 

"Resolved,  That  we,  as  a  religious  body,  deem  proper  to  ex- 
press our  decided  disapproval  of  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  all 
intoxicating  drinks  as  a  beverage,  and  that  we  will,  by  all  pru- 
dent and  lawful  means,  discourage  and  restrain  the  same." 

Benevolence. 

The  men  who,  in  the  providence  of  God,  organized  the 
Synod,  had  broad  and  expansive  views  and  ideas  of  the  work 
that  lay  before  them.  They  realized  that  there  was  an  immense 
work  to  be  done,  that  it  could  not  be  carried  on  without  means, 
and  that  to  secure  the  necessary  means  a  benevolent  spirit  must 
be  cultivated  among  themselves  as  well  as  with  all  for  whom  and 
.with  whom  they  had  come  to  labor.     They  realized  that  benevo- 


82  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

lence  was  not  an  accident,  but  a  necessity  in  the  Church,  and 
that  its  ultimate  aim  should  be  the  glory  of  God  and  the  honor 
of  His  Son,  Jesus  Christ,  through  the  devoted  and  consecrated 
lives  and  deeds  of  His  faithful  followers. 

Accordingly  they  early  began  to  plant  the  seed,  trusting  to 
God  for  growth  and  fruit.  In  the  first  Constitution,  adopted  at 
the  First  Annual  Convention,  they  said  (Article  VIII.):  "Im- 
pelled by  Christian  sympathy,  as  well  as  duty  and  necessity,  our 
Church  should  contribute  with  all  the  means  and  powers  it  can 
command  toward  relieving  the  necessities  and  granting  the 
reasonable  requests  of  all  our  congregations  in  this  and  also  all 
other  States." 

From  this  beginning,  down  through  all  the  years  that  have 
followed,  the  Synod  has  ever  sought  to  cultivate  the  spirit  of  true 
benevolence,  and  with  blessed  and  immeasurable  results,  as  has 
been  shown  in  the  detailed  accounts  of  the  different  chapters  of 
this  work. 

Church  Extension. 

In  1887  St.  Enoch's  Church  at  Enochville,  N.  C,  Rev.  W. 
A.  Lutz,  pastor,  in  celebrating  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  its  or- 
ganization, as  a  thank-offering  for  blessings  and  mercies  received, 
began  a  Church  Extension  Fund  by  raising  $75.00  cash.  This 
was  proposed  to  be  placed  "  Under  control  of  the  Synod, 
provided  Synod  approves  of  the  formation  of  a  Church  Extension 
Fund,  to  be  used  in  North  Carolina  only." 

The  Committee  on  the  State  of  the  Church,  in  making  its  re- 
port in  1888,  recommended  that  "This  Synod  now  appoint  a 
Board  of  Church  Extension  ' '  for  the  purpose  ' '  of  carrying  out 
the  wishes  of  St.  Enoch's."  This  recommendation  was  adopted, 
and  the  following  Board  was  elected,  viz. :  Revs.  W.  A.  Lutz, 
W.  G.  Campbell,  and  Captain  T.  L.  Seigle,  Captain  J.  Cook, 
and  W.  H.  Strauss,  Esq. 

At  the  same  convention  of  Synod  the  following  resolutions 
were  adopted  : 

"  1.  Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Church  Extension  have 
power  to  frame  and  adopt  a  Constitution  and  By-Laws  for  its- 
government,  and  be  authorized  to  secure  an  act  of  incorporation,.. 


MISCELLANEOUS    MATTERS    OF    INTEREST.  83 

so  as  to  be  known  in  law  and  enabled  to  receive  bequests,  leg- 
acies, and  moneys. ' ' 

"2.  Resolved,  That  the  members  of  said  Board  shall  hold 
office  at  the  pleasure  of  Synod,  and,  in  case  of  resignation, 
death,  or  removal  of  any  member  of  the  Board,  the  Board  shall 
have  power  to  fill  the  vacancies  so  caused  ad  interim." 

"  3.  Resolved,  That  the  Board  shall  render  an  account  to 
Synod  annually  of  all  acts  performed  by  it  during  the  year. ' ' 

The  Board  met  in  St.  James'  Church,  Concord,  N.  C,  May 
9th,  1888,  and  organized  by  electing  the  following  officers: 
President,  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz  ;  Secretary,  Rev.  W.  G.  Campbell; 
Treasurer,  Captain  T.  L.  Seigle. 

The  question  having  arisen  as  to  the  terms  for  lending  the 
funds  of  the  Board  of  Church  Extension,  the  Synod  adopted  the 
following  regulations  in  1891  : 

1.  No  loans  shall  be  made  for  less  than  one  year  or  more 
than  three  years. 

2.  Not  less  than  $50.00  and  not  more  than  $500.00  shall  be 
loaned  to  any  one  congregation. 

3.  Any  amount  that  is  loaned  for  the  term  longer  than  one 
year  must  be  equally  divided  into  notes,  each  payable  at  the 
end  of  the  first,  second,  or  third  year,  as  the  case  may  be. 

4.  The  amount  of  any  note  must  not  be  less  than  $50.00. 

5.  In  case  any  note  when  due  cannot  be  paid  promptly,  the 
Board  has  the  power  to  grant  the  party,  or  parties,  twelve 
months  time  to  settle  the  same,  providing  8  per  cent,  per  annum 
interest  is  paid  on  said  note. 

6.  If  the  signature  of  notes  is  not  entirely  satisfactory  to  the 
Board  of  Church  Extension,  said  Board  shall  secure  a  mortgage 
on  the  property  on  which  the  loan  is  made,  or  other  good  secur- 
ity satisfactory  to  the  Board. 

7.  These  rules  are  subject  to  change  only  by  action  of  the 
North  Carolina  Synod. 

In  1892,  upon  recommendation  of  the  Board,  the  Synod 
adopted  the  following  additional  regulations  : 

1.  Only  organized  and  chartered  congregations,  and  con- 
nected with  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  or  points  operated  by 
the  United  Synod  in  connection  with  the  North  Carolina  Synod 
of  the  Lutheran  Church,  shall  obtain  loans  from  this  fund,  and 
in   all   cases   the   Board  shall  hold  conditional  bonds  and  mort- 


■84  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

gages,  so  that  the  congregation  must  ever  remain   loyal  to  the 
North  Carolina  Synod. 

2.  The  amount  of  a  loan  to  a  congregation  shall  not  exceed 
the  amount  raised  by  the  congregation  itself,  unless  in  extreme 
cases,  of  which  the  Board  shall  be  the  judge. 

3.  No  loan  shall  be  granted  to  any  congregation  whose  ability 
and  willingness  to  refund  said  loan  at  maturity  may  be  ques- 
tioned by  the  Board. 

4.  The  Board  may  require  congregations  who  have  loans  to 
keep  up  insurance  on  their  church  buildings  and  transfer  the  pol- 
icies to  the  Board  as  collateral  security. 

Under  these  regulations  the  work  of  the  Board  has  worked 
admirably,  and  has  accomplished  much  good. 


CHAPTER   XII. 

THE     MISSIONARY    OPERATIONS    OF    THE    SYNOD. 

Missionary  Journeys. 

Were  all  the  missionary  operations  of  the  Synod  written  in 
full  it  would  reach  far  beyond  the  limits  of  this  Yolume  :  would, 
indeed,  form  quite  a  volume  of  itself.  Hence  we  are  under  the 
necessity  of  condensing  as  much  as  possible. 

The  founders  of  the  Synod  were  all  filled  with  the  missionary 
spirit.  They  recognized  the  fact  that  the  ultimate  aim  of  the 
Church  was  the  glory  of  God  and  the  honor  of  Jesus  Christ,  His 
Son,  in  the  saving  of  souls.  And  it  was  this  supreme  motive 
that  impelled  them  to  be  always  ready  to  meet  the  responsibility 
of  going  out  of  themselves,  reaching  beyond  the  limits  of  their 
own  congregations  and  Synod,  that  they  might  carry  the  blessed 
Word  to  those  less  favorably  situated. 

Beginning  with  Nussman  and  followed  by  all  the  rest  of  them, 
each  considered  himself  under  the  necessity  of  doing  personal  mis- 
sionary work  wherever  needed  and  whenever  possible,  though 
to  do  so  meant  hardships  and  self-denials  of  the  severest  kind. 

For  years,  beginning  in  1810,  the  Synod  annually  appointed 
and  sent  out  traveling  missionaries,  pledging  to  see  that  they 
received  a  sufficient  support,  and  during  succeeding  years  it  was 
the  unwritten  law  of  the  Synod  that  all  fifth  Sundays  in  the 
months,  when  no  conference  meetings  were  held,  should  be  de- 
voted by  the  pastors  to  home  missionary  operations  within  the 
bounds  of  the  Synod. 

The  immediate  cause  of  their  undertaking  this  great  work  was' 
the  constant  emigration  of  members  of  their  churches  into  new 
States  and  Territories  where  the  means  of  grace  had  not  yet 
entered.  From  such  places  urgent  appeals  were  frequent  and; 
strong,  asking  and  begging  the  Synod  to  send  pastors,  or  at 
least  traveling  preachers,  to  preach  the  Word  to  them,  baptize. 

(85) 


86  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

instruct  and  confirm  their  children,  and  to  administer  to  them 
the  Holy  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 

At  that  time  a  mere  handful  of  ministers  composed  the  Synod, 
not  even  enough  to  supply  the  pressing  needs  in  their  own  im- 
mediate territory.  There  seemed  but  one  thing  possible  to  be 
done,  and  to  a  certain  extent  that  was  done,  namely,  to  leave, 
for  a  time,  the  churches  at  home,  and  make  extended  missionary 
tours  or  journeys  into  these  destitute  regions.  From  the  annual  re- 
ports of  these  traveling  preachers  (jReiseprediger),  we  glean  much 
interesting  and  instructive  matter.  The  first  traveling  missionary 
appointed  by  Synod  was  the  Rev.  R.  J.  Miller.  His  home  was 
in  Burke  County,  N.  C.  On  the  18th  day  of  June,  1811,  he 
started,  by  private  conveyance,  on  his  first  missionary  tour.  His 
route  lay  through  Wilkes,  Surry,  and  Stokes  Counties,  N.  C, 
into  Virginia,  by  the  way  of  New  Market  and  Lewisburg, 
through  Pendleton,  Bath,  Greenbrier,  Monroe,  Montgomery, 
Wythe,  and  Washington  Counties,  Virginia,  into  Tennessee, 
through  Sullivan,  Carter,  Washington,  and  Green  Counties, 
and  thence  through  the  mountains  of  Western  North  Carolina 
back  to  his  home,  where  he  arrived  about  the  middle  of  Octo- 
ber. Resting  but  a  few  days,  on  the  4th  of  November,  181 1, 
he  again  started,  this  time  for  a  journey  southward.  Passing 
through  Rutherfordton,  across  Broad  and  Green  Rivers,  through 
a  thinly  settled  country,  to  Spartanburg,  S.  C,  thence  by  Hard 
Labor  Creek,  to  the  Savannah  and  Saluda  Rivers,  by  way  of 
Hollow  Creek  Church  (Salem),  to  Orangeburg  District,  and 
thence  back  home  again. 

In  his  report  to  Synod  he  tells  of  the  great  spiritual  destitu- 
tion and  ignorance  of  the  people,  the  extreme  scarcity  of  true 
ministers  of  the  Gospel,  and  the  pitiful  pleading  for  the  Word 
and  sacraments,  and  says,  "  On  my  whole  tour  I  have  baptized 
this  year  two  adults  and  sixty  children,  preached  sixty-seven 
times,  traveled  three  thousand  miles,  and  received  $70.44  for 
my  support,  without  asking  for  a  cent  in  any  way." 

In  181 1,  Rev.  Philip  Henkel  was  chosen  as  traveling  mis- 
sionary, and,  in  18 12,  reported  that  everywhere  he  went  there 
was  great  destitution  and  a  loud  call  for  pastors. 


REV.  JACOB   SCHERER. 


THE    MISSIONARY    OPERATIONS    OF    THE    SYNOD.  QJ 

In  TS12,  Rev.  J.  P.  Franklow  was  requested  to  visit  South 
Carolina  to  look  after  scattered  members  of  a  once  prosperous 
congregation  in  a  section  of  the  country  called  "  Saltketcher. " 
He  spent  about  a  month  on  the  journey.  His  report  of  the 
condition  of  the  churches  and  people  in  those  parts  is  heart- 
rending indeed.  Pastor  and  people  at  variance,  whole  commu- 
nities without  any  spiritual  care,  and  the  people  like  sheep  with- 
out a  shepherd. 

In  1812,  Revs.  R.  J.  Miller  and  Jacob  Schererwere  appointed 
as  traveling  missionaries.  Together  they  traveled  to  Virginia,  as 
far  as  Pendleton  County,  where  they  parted  :  Miller  going  down 
the  Shenandoah  Valley,  as  far  as  Winchester  ;  and  Scherer  to 
the  State  of  Ohio,  where  a, great  number  of  families,  who  had 
emigrated  from  North  Carolina,  were  living,  and  for  whose 
spiritual  welfare  the  Xorth  Carolina  Synod  was  much  concerned. 
Here  he  spent  a  month  in  daily  preaching,  baptizing,  and  con- 
firming. In  July,  on  his  way  home  again,  he  passed  through 
Powells  and  Grassy  Valleys  in  Virginia,  where  he  found  many 
families  from  Xorth  Carolina,  all  eager  to  hear  the  preaching 
of  the  Word,  and  longing  and  praying  that  they  might  have 
regular  pastors  among  them.  Summing  up,  he  says  that  he 
traveled  161 7  miles,  preached  50  times,  baptized  72  children 
and  one  adult,  and  in  connection  with  Brother  Miller,  and  partly 
alone,  organized  thirteen  congregations,  consisting  of  n 75 
members. 

Rev.  Paul  Henkel  made  many  missionary  journeys  during  the 
time  of  his  connection  with  the  Xorth  Carolina  Synod,  as  well 
as  before  and  after  that  time.  He,  accompanied  by  his  wife, 
would  leave  home  in  their  own  conveyance,  taking  provisions, 
cooking  vessels,  and  bedding  with  them.  Wherever  night  would 
overtake  them,  they  would  build  their  camp-fire,  prepare  their 
supper,  and  retire  for  the  night  under  the  canopy  of  the  heavens. 
Thus  they  traveled  through  the  mountains  of  Virginia  into  the 
States  of  Kentucky  and  Ohio.  He  would  preach  wherever 
opportunity  afforded,  administering  the  sacraments  wherever 
needed.  In  this  way  he  would  labor,  remaining  as  long  as 
necessary,  then  travel  on  again  to  another  place  of  destitution, 


88  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

and  so  on  in  the  most  practical  way  of  missionary  work,  until 
he  would  return  to  his  home.  Then  he  would  make  his  report 
to  Synod,  usually  verbal. 

Tempted  by  the  rumors  of  the  richness  of  the  soil  and  the 
ease  with  which  land  could  be  secured  in  the  new  countries  west 
of  the  Allegheny  Mountains,  many  families  emigrated  from 
North  Carolina  and  settled  in  what  is  now  the  States  of  Ten- 
nessee, Kentucky,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  other  States  and 
Territories.  From  these  scattered  members  of  the  Church  a 
constant  appeal  was  coming  to  the  Synod  begging  for  spiritual 
food  and  nourishment.  In  response,  as  best  it  could,  the  Synod 
sent  of  its  pastors  to  visit  them  and  minister  to  their  spiritual 
necessities.  Some  of  these  visiting  pastors  at  length  settled  per- 
manently among  them  and  founded  congregations,  many  of 
them  composed  entirely  of  North  Carolinians.  True,  not  all  were 
thus  well  provided  for  ;  the  harvest  was  so  extensive  and  the 
ministers  were  so  few  that  but  a  small  portion  of  the  field  could 
be  cultivated,  and,  in  consequence,  very  many  were  left  without 
the  spiritual  care  of  Lutheran  pastors,  and  were  eventually  lost 
to  the  Lutheran  Church.  But  these  missionary  efforts  of  the 
Synod  were  the  means  of  saving  many,  and  of  thus  establishing 
the  Lutheran  Church,  where  now,  as  a  result,  it  is  strong  in 
numbers,  as  well  as  in  wealth  and  influence. 

Accordingly  the  Rev.  L.  Markert  was  appointed  traveling 
missionary  in  1813,  visited  those  western  fields,  and  in  18 16 
removed  to  Indiana  and  settled  there.  In  181 7,  reporting  by 
letter  to  the  Synod,  he  describes  the  deplorable  condition  of  the 
Church  in  that  section,  tells  of  the  many  scattered  congregations 
that  he  was  then  serving,  he  being  the  only  Lutheran  minister 
in  the  State,  and  also  sets  forth  the  fact  that  on  account  of  the 
poverty  of  the  people  no  minister  could  depend  upon  the 
churches  for  his  support,  but  must  earn  his  living  in  some  other 
way  ;  but  still  those  people  were  urgently  petitioning  Synod 
that  ministers  should  be  sent  to  them. 

In  this  same  year  (T817),  a  petition  came  from  Bedford 
County,  Tenn.,  requesting  a  visit  from  some  one  of  the  ministers 
of  the  Synod,  and  in  response  the  Synod  took  the  following  action  : 


REV.   PAUL    1IENKEI.   AND    WIFE. 


THE    MISSIONARY    OPERATIONS    OF    THE    SYNOD.  89 

"Resolved,  That  Candidate  David  Henkel,  provided  he  can 
make  the  journey,  visit  that  place,  and  also  Cape  Girardeau,  at 
the  Mississippi  River,  to  minister  to  them  the  sacraments,  gather 
congregations,  and  report  the  same  at  the  next  meeting  of 
Synod." 

Unfortunately,  the  next  meeting  of  the  Synod,  in  1819,  was 
the  beginning  of  the  rupture,  and  we  have  no  report  of  his  con- 
cerning the  trip  to  that  country. 

In  1 819  there  came  to  the  Synod  a  heart -affecting  memorial 
from  members  of  our  Church  in  Illinois  Territory,  praying  and 
begging  for  ministers.  But,  alas  !  with  that  terrible  crisis  upon 
them,  the  petition  "  Could  not  otherwise  be  answered  than  with 
this  painful  ejaculation  :  '  Dear  Brethren,  we  gladly  would  help 
you,  but  we  cannot.'  '  The  next  year,  by  request  of  Synod. 
Rev.  L.  Markert  visited  them  and  ministered  unto  them  in 
holy  things. 

In  1824,  Rev.  Jacob  Scherer  reported  to  Synod  that,  accord- 
ing to  previous  instructions,  he  had  visited  Bedford  County, 
Term.,  had  traveled  2200  miles,  preached  38  times,  and  had 
received  $45.60  ;  his  expenses  being  $20.69. 

This  same  year  Rev.  William  Jenkins  reported  that  he  had 
visited  the  Lutheran  congregations  near  Duck  River,  in  Tennes- 
see, where  he  was  received  with  joy  and  treated  with  much 
Christian  affection.  He  says,  "  I  preached  in  the  two  already 
organized  congregations  with  much  pleasure,  and  organized 
two  additional  churches  in  Franklin  and  Lincoln  Counties.  In 
this  district  there  is  a  great  and  open  field  for  Lutheran 
ministers,  and  the  longing  for  them  is  on  the  increase."  He 
tells  of  a  settlement  near  Jackson,  "where  many  Lutherans 
reside,  who  would  rejoice  if  they  were  visited,  or  were 
served  regularly."  And  he  concludes  his  report  thus,  "Since 
the  last  Synod  I  rode  3000  miles,  preached  175  times,  baptized 
84  children,  7  adults  and  7  negroes,  received  34  into  the 
church,  and  buried  eight  persons.  The  destitution  of  Union 
County,  111.,  was  again  presented  to  Synod  in  1825,  and  Rev. 
William  Jenkins  was  appointed  to  visit  there,  and  do  for  them 
all  that  he  could.      The  Secretary  of  Synod  was  also  instructed 


90  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

to  write  to  Rev.  Samuel  Schmucker,  who  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  first  professors  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Gettysburg, 
Pa.,  and  at  that  time  perhaps  the  most  widely  and  favorably 
known  man  in  the  Lutheran  Church  in  America,  to  send  a 
preacher  to  that  destitute  field.  In  1827  the  Rev.  John  C.  A. 
Schoenberg  was  sent,  and  in  1828  he  reported  to  the  Synod  that 
"On  his  arrival  at  St.  John's  Church,  in  Union  County,  111., 
the  congregations  were  in  a  desolate  condition,  like  sheep  with- 
out a  shepherd.  Some  had  suffered  themselves  to  be  proselyted 
by  sects,  and  others  had  almost  despaired  of  obtaining  a 
minister  of  our  persuasion.  Soon,  however,  the  wavering  be- 
came more  steadfast,  the  desponding  were  enabled  to  rejoice, 
and  the  congregations  began  to  flourish.  Hundreds  of  Luther- 
ans are  scattered  through  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Missouri,  en- 
tirely destitute  of  preaching  by  our  ministers,  and  in  some  places 
even  congregations  imperfectly  organized,  who  seem  to  extend 
their  hands  toward  us,  saying,  '  Come  over  into  Macedonia  and 
help  us.'  How  painful  is  it,  that  we  have  to  turn  away  from 
such  urgent  calls  with  a  sorrowful  heart,  unable  to  supply  them 
with  the  bread  of  life. ' ' 

In  1832,  the  Rev.  Daniel  Scherer,  who  for  ten  years  had  been 
the  pastor  of  St.  John's  Church,  Cabarrus  County,  N-.  C,  felt  it 
his  duty  to  labor  as  a  missionary  in  the  State  of  Illinois.  He 
located  himself  in  Hillsboro,  and  soon  had  a  congregation  organ- 
ized and  in  a  flourishing  condition.  In  1834  the  Synod  adopted 
the  following  resolution  : 

"  Resolved,  That  we  express  our  approbation  of  the  laudable 
efforts  of  the  Rev.  Daniel  Scherer  in  collecting  and  organizing  a 
Lutheran  congregation  in  Hillsboro,  111." 

"Resolved,  That  we  receive  the  same  into  full  connection 
with  this  Synod." 

In  1836,  the  Rev.  Daniel  Scherer  was  dismissed  from  the 
North  Carolina  Synod  to  unite  himself  with  the  "  Synod  of  the 
West,"  and  his  congregation  of  course  went  with  him. 

Much  missionary  work  was  done  by  the  Synod  in  parts  of 
Virginia  up  to  1842,  the  time  when  the  "Western  Virginia 
Synod  "  was  organized. 


THE    MISSIONARY    OPERATIONS    OF    THE    SYNOD.  9 1 

From  then  on  to  the  present  time«the  missionary  operations  of 
the  Synod  have  been  confined  principally  to  the  State  of  North 
Carolina,  other  Synods  having  been  formed  around  it,  North, 
South,  and  West.  Many  congregations  have  been  organized  and 
much  missionary  work  has  been  done.  To-day  the  missionary 
labors  of  the  Synod  are  devoted  mostly  to  the  establishment  of 
new  congregations,  which  are  increasing  so  rapidly  that  it  re- 
quires all  the  energy  and  benevolence  that  the  Synod  can  com- 
mand to  attend  to  these  new  fields. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  congregations  that  have  been 
organized  and  assisted  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  by  the  Synod  : 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Wilmington  ;  St.  Mark's  Church,  Char- 
lotte ;  St.  James'  Church,  Concord  ;  St.  John's  Church,  Salis- 
bury ;  St.  Matthew's  Church,  Wilmington  ;  Augsburg  Church, 
Winston  ;  Macedonia  Church,  Burlington  ;  St.  Andrew's 
Church,  Concord,  and  many  others. 

Missionary    Operations  During  the    War. 

During  the  war  between  the  States  (1861-65),  the  Synod  was 
actively  engaged  in  missionary  work  among  the  soldiers  in  the 
camps  and  hospitals  and  on  the  fields  of  battle,  sending  and  sup- 
porting chaplains  to  minister  to  them  in  spiritual  things.  No 
careful  record  was  kept  of  the  work,  but  from  what  we  have  it  is 
evident  that  much  good  was  accomplished  and  many  souls  com- 
forted in  the  hours  of  suffering  and  death.  The  Synod  at  one 
time  appropriated  $5000.00  to  this  work. 

Among  the   Colored  People. 

In  t88o  the  Synod  inaugurated  missionary  work  among  the 
colored  people.  For  this  purpose  D.  J.  Koontz,  a  most  excel- 
lent colored  man,  who  had  been  instructed  in  both  his  literary 
and  theological  course  by  members  of  the  Synod,  was  examined 
by  the  Ministerium,  found  qualified,  and  ordained  by  the  Synod. 
A  lot  was  secured  at  Pleasant  Grove,  money  contributed  for  the 
erection  of  a  house  of  worship,  and  the  work  progressed  until 
1885,  when  Samuel  Holt  and  N.  Clapp  were  ordained.  These 
reported,  in  1889,  four  congregations  under  their  pastoral  care. 


92  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

In  this  year  W.  P.  Phifer  appeared  before  Synod  as  a  candi- 
date for  the  Lutheran  ministry,  and,  after  examination,  was 
ordained  by  a  special  committee  in  1890. 

These  four  colored  ministers,  together  with  lay  representatives 
from  their  congregations,  at  the  convention  of  Synod  in  1889, 
asked  to  be  formed  into  a  separate  Synod  of  their  own.  A 
special  committee,  consisting  of  Revs.  W.  G.  Campbell,  F.  W. 

E.  Peschau,  George  H.  Cox,  and  T.  S.  Brown,  was  appointed, 
who  reported  to  Synod  as  follows  : 

"We  your  committee,  appointed  to  organize  the  Colored 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod,  met  in  the  council  room  of  St. 
John's  Evangelical  Lutheran  congregation,  Cabarrus  County, 
N.  C,  on  Wednesday,  May  8th,  1889,  at  11.30  a.  m.  Rev.  W. 
G.  Campbell,  the  chairman,  called  the  committee  to  order.  Rev. 
George  H.  Cox  was  elected  as  Secretary.      After  prayer  by  Rev. 

F.  W.  E.  Peschau,  the  colored  brethren  were  organized  and  con- 
stituted under  the  name  and  title  of  '  The  Alpha  Synod  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  of  Freedmen  in  America. ' 

"The  Constitution  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod  was  then 
adopted  as  the  Constitution  of  this  Synod.  Rev.  D.  J.  Koontz 
was  then  elected  President,  W\  P.  Phifer,  Recording  and  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  and  Rev.  S.  Holt,  Treasurer." 

Upon  the  adoption  of  this  report,  the  members  of  the  new 
Synod  offered  the  following,  which  was  unanimously  adopted  : 

' '  Resolved,  That  we,  the  members  of  the  Alpha  Synod,  hereby 
tender  our  most  hearty  and  sincere  thanks  to  the  officers  and 
members  of  the  honorable  Synod  of  North  Carolina  for  the  kind 
interest  they  have  ever  manifested  to  us,  the  first  Colored  Luth- 
erans of  North  Carolina,  and  we  pray  that  they  may  ever  cherish 
toward  us  the  same  kindly  feelings,  and  help  us  in  our  work. 
God  bless  you  for  it  !  " 

'■'■Resolved,  That  we  hereby  unanimously  request  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Synod  of  North  Carolina,  that  has  ever  been 
our  friend,  to  be  kind  enough  to  print  the  minutes  of  our  First 
Convention,  as  an  appendix  to  theirs. ' ' 

Which  request  was  granted.*  In  after  years  the  Colored  Luth- 
eran pastors  and  churches  voluntarily  united  with  the  Missouri 

*  See  Minutes,  1889,  page  57. 


THE    MISSIONARY    OPERATIONS    OF    THE    SYNOD.  93 

Synod,   which  was  conducting  extensive   missionary  operations 
among  the  colored  people  of  the  South. 

The  Woman' s  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Societies. 

In  1885  the  missionary  work  of  the  women  of  the  Synod  was 
inaugurated  by  the  appointment  of  an  Executive  Committee  to 
plan  and  prepare  for  a  permanent  organization. 

The  First  Convention  was  held  in  St.  James'  Church,  Con- 
cord, N.  C,  in  1886,  at  which  were  represented  fourteen  Auxili- 
ary Societies,  numbering  320  members,  and  "  The  Woman's 
Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  North  Carolina 
Synod"  was  organized  by  the  election  of  Mrs.  J.  S.  Fisher, 
President:  Mrs.  J.  S.  Heilig,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Davis,  Mrs.  J.  D. 
Shirey,  Mrs.  R.  A.  Brown,  and  Mrs.  A.  M.  Brown,  as  Vice-Presi- 
dents ;  Miss  Julia  Shirey,  Corresponding  Secretary ;  Miss  Lillian 
Slough,  Recording  Secretary  ;   Mrs.  John  A.  Cline,  Treasurer. 

This  Society  has  now  been  in  active  existence  for  sixteen 
years.  It  has  thirty  Auxiliary  Societies,  with  944  active,  hon- 
orary, and  life  members,  and  has  contributed  $11,674.18  to  the 
work  of  Home  and  Foreign  Missions,  besides  creating,  fostering, 
and  encouraging  a  deeper  interest  in  the  general  work  of  the 
Church  than  had  before  existed. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

RETROSPECTIVE    AND    PROSPECTIVE. 

In  this  good  year  of  our  Lord,  1903,  we  are  celebrating  with 
joyful  and  grateful  hearts  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
organization  of  our  Synod. 

Its  beginning  at  Salisbury,  N.  C,  May  2d,  1803,  was  small 
indeed  and  seemingly  insignificant.  Its  infancy  was  a  period 
of  fear  and  hope.  Its  first  history  seemed  to  promise  and  de- 
velop but  little.  But  from  1803  to  1903  God  has  never  forsaken 
it  ;  He  has  always  been  present  with  it,  and  has  been  constantly 
pouring  out  His  blessings  upon  it.  One  hundred  and  eighty -two* 
ministers  have  belonged  to  the  Synod.  Many  of  the  able,  effi- 
cient, and  godly  men  of  the  Lutheran  Church  have  been  con- 
nected with  it  during  these  one  hundred  years ;  many  of  them 
have  gone  on  before  us  into  the  land  of  eternal  day,  and  are 
reaping  the  reward  of  the  faithful  servants  of  their  Lord.  Many 
are  earnestly  and  faithfully  serving  the  Church  under  other  Syn- 
odical  relations  ;  whilst  on  the  roll  of  the  Synod  there  are  to-day 
more  ministers,  more  churches,  and  more  members  than  have 
ever  been  before  at  any  one  time  during  its  existence. 

Looking  back  through  the  history  of  the  Synod  there  may 
have  been,  doubtless  are,  records  of  words  and  actions  that  we 
may  have  felt  disposed  to  criticise  ;  some  things,  perhaps,  that 
we  may  have  wished  had  not  occurred ;  and  others  that  to  us 
may  have  seemed  strange  that  when  begun  were  not  carried  for- 
ward to  completion.  And  yet,  when  the  history  is  read  and 
studied  in  the  light  of  the  past ;  when  we  consider  the  environ- 
ments of  these  early  fathers,  their  difficulties,  the  obstacles  that 
were  in  their  way  and  which  they  were  compelled  to  overcome, 
and  all  of  the  many  things  which  entered  into  the  questions  of 
the  lives  and  doings  of  those  whose  faithfulness  has  made  the 
Synod  what  it  is ;  when  we  remember  those  who,  in  the  love 

(94) 


RETROSPECTIVE    AND    PROSPECTIVE.  95 

and  fear  of  God,  piloted  the  Synod  safely  through  the  trying 
times  of  the  war  between  the  States ;  and  back  of  them,  those 
who  endured  the  hardships  of  the  Revolutionary  War  and  its  after 
results  ;  and  still  back  of  them,  the  men  and  women  who 
labored  and  prayed  patiently  but  steadily  onward,  building  up 
the  Church  and  the  Synod  through  storm  and  sunshine,  and 
amidst  adversity  as  well  as  prosperity  ;  surely,  as  the  memory 
of  those  years  and  labors,  together  with  their  unnumbered  bless- 
ings, come  crowding  upon  us,  we  can  see  the  hand  of  God  in  all 
of  it — His  hand  of  blessing,  His  guiding  hand,  His  uplifting, 
His  protecting,  His  preserving  hand — and  our  hearts  cannot  fail 
to  go  out  to  Him  in  thanksgiving  for  all  His  mercies  and  bless- 
ings. 

On  all  the  great  and  important  questions  that  have  come  before 
the  Church  in  the  development  of  its  life  here,  in  its  new  home 
in  America,  the  Synod  has  ever  uttered  a  certain  sound  and 
exerted  an  important  and  often  a  controlling  influence. 

The  great  vital  doctrines  of  the  Gospel  of  the  Son  of  God,  the 
work  of  Home  and  Foreign  Missions,  Benevolence,  Charity, 
Education,  and  such  questions,  coupled  with  the  duty  and  obli- 
gations of  leading  godly  lives,  have  ever  been  presented  by  the 
Synod  in  the  light  and  purity  of  God's  Word. 

And  the  people  to  whom  and  for  whom  the  Synod  has  minis- 
tered have  ever  responded  nobly,  grandly,  and  with  hearty  good- 
will, contributing  freely  of  their  means  as  God  has  prospered 
them  to  all  the  work  of  the  Synod.  But  the  grand  object  of  the 
Church  upon  earth  is  not  only  to  teach  doctrine,  liberality,  and 
charity  :  not  merely  to  civilize  and  reform,  but  to  bring  men 
and  women  into  vital  contact  with  the  atoning  blood  of  Jesus,  to 
bring  them  into  the  arms  of  His  salvation.  It  does  not  matter 
how  grandly  the  Synod  may  have  succeeded  in  everything  else, 
all  would  be  complete  failure  without  this  having  been  accom- 
plished. 

In  the  light  of  her  history,  who  can  say  that  the  Synod  has  not 
been  a  success  in  this,  as  well  as  in  the  other?  The  record  is 
written  in  the  souls  saved  through  its  ministrations  who  to-day, 
here  and  elsewhere,  are  praising  and  serving  God,  and  in  the 


96  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

songs  of  the  happy  redeemed  ones  around  the  throne  of  God  in 
heaven,  who  have  gone  up  from  around  the  altars  of  the 
churches  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod. 

Thousands  upon  thousands  have  been  added  to  the  Church, 
thousands  upon  thousands  more  have  heard  the  Word  preached 
from  its  pulpits.  Who  can  compute  the  results  ?  It  can  never  be 
fully  known  until  that  day  in  which  the  secrets  of  all  hearts  shall 
be  revealed.  But  these  grand  results  have  come  not  because  of 
any  peculiar  gifts,  merits,  or  worthiness  in,  of,  or  by  those  who 
have  constituted  the  Synod  from  time  to  time,  but  only  because 
of  God's  gracious  mercy  and  love  toward  the  Synod,  and  His 
ever-watchful  care  over,  around,  and  about  it,  leading  it  into  the 
right  paths,  and  giving  its  ministry  and  members  grace  and 
strength  to  walk  in  those  paths. 

And  now,  standing  at  the  one  hundredth  mile-post,  and  shading 
our  eyes  as  we  attempt  to  look  through  the  mists  out  into  the  un- 
known future,  cannot  we  go  forward  in  perfect  confidence  and 
trust  in  Him  who  has  thus  far  led  us  onward  ?  Who  can  for  a 
moment  question  but  that  God  will  do  still  greater  things  in  the 
future,  through  the  instrumentality  of  this  Synod,  if  we  only 
press  on  in  full  faith  in  the  promised  presence  of  our  Lord, 
from  whom  all  blessings  come  ?  With  her  present  facilities 
and  advantages  ;  her  own  literary  institutions,  both  male  and 
female  ;  her  Church  Extension,  her  Home  Missionary  operations 
on  her  own  territory,  and  also  through  co-operation  with  the 
United  Synod  of  the  South  in  its  general  work  of  Home  and 
Foreign  Missions  ;  and  the  prospect  and  promise  of  a  homoge- 
neous ministry,  educated  in  her  own  theological  seminary  of  the 
South,  and  the  fast  oncoming  of  the  tide  of  immigration  into  her 
territory,  who  can  estimate  what  she  may  yet,  under  the  bless- 
ing of  God,  accomplish  for  His  kingdom  and  glory  ?  Never  has 
the  world  needed  the  Gospel  more  than  it  does  to-day.  Never 
have  there  been  grander  opportunities  for  real,  genuine  Gospel 
work  all  over  the  world  than  are  presented  now.  Never  was 
there  a  time  when  the  North  Carolina  Synod  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  was  more  needed  than  at  the  present 
period  of  its  history. 


RETROSPECTIVE    AND    PROSPECTIVE.  97 

Opening  out  before  us  are  wide  and  ever-widening  fields  for 
the  sowing  of  the  "  good  seed. ' ' 

In  the  field  of  few  other  Synods  in  America  is  there  such  an 
open  door  for  work  and  usefulness  as  in  our  now  time-honored 
Synod  of  North  Carolina. 

The  Master  of  the  vineyard  is  certainly  calling  ! 

God  help  the  Synod  to  hear  and  heed  the  call. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS 


NOW   CONNECTED    WITH    THE 


Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod 
and  Ministerium 


NORTH   CAROLINA. 


Albemarle  Church,  located  in  the  town  of  Albemarle, 
the  county  seat  of  Stanly  County,  was  organized  by  Rev.  W. 
Kimball  in  1880.  Its  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  1881.  It 
is  a  small  frame  building,  neatly  painted,  churchly  in  all  its 
appointments,  and  was  dedicated  1881  by  Rev.  W.  Kimball  and 
J.  B.  Davis,  D.  D.,  the  latter  preaching  the  dedicatory  sermon. 

The  congregation  also  has  a  very  comfortable  and  convenient 
parsonage,  containing  six  rooms,  located  near  the  church,  and 
built  in  1898.  Mrs.  S.  H.  Hearne,  one  of  the  leading  members 
of  the  congregation,  has  the  honor  of  having  been  the  prime 
mover  in  securing  the  parsonage,  she  having,  by  her  own  individ- 
ual efforts,  raised  nearly  all  the  funds  for  the  undertaking.  The 
congregation  has  thirty-three  members. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  W.  Kimball,  Rev.  J.  A.  Linn, 

Rev.  G.  F.    Schaeffer,  Rev.  J.  D.  Shirey,  D.  D., 

Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser,  Rev.  P.  L.  Miller, 

Rev.  John  H.  Wyse,  Rev.  C.  B.  Miller. 

(98) 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  99 

Amity  Church  is  located  in  Iredell  County,  N.  C,  twelve 
miles  south  from  Statesville. 

The  congregation,  which  was  formerly  a  part  of  St.  Michael's, 
was  organized  April  nth,  1885,  by  Rev.  H.  M.  Brown.  It  has 
never  been  a  large  congregation  ;  now  numbers  forty-one  mem- 
bers. 

The  house  of  worship  was  erected  1 888-1 891,  and  was  dedi- 
cated April  30th,  1893,  by  the  pastor,  Rev.  D.  W.  Michael,  as- 
sisted by  Rev.  W.  S.  Bowman,  D.  D.  It  is  a  frame  building; 
56  x  36,  nicely  finished,  and  well  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the 
congregation.      Its  seating  capacity  is  three  hundred  and  fifty. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  H.  M.  Brown 1885— 1888 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1888— 1889 

Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker 1889— 1890 

Rev.  D.  W.  Michael 1890— 1894 

Rev.  H.  W.  Jeffcoat 1894— 1895 

Rev.  B.  S.  Brown 1895 — 1899 

Rev.  R.  A.  Helms 1S99. 


Augsburg  Church,  in  the  city  of  Winston,  is  a  mission  con- 
gregation under  control  of  the  Board  of  Missions  of  the  United 
Synod.  The  mission  was  inaugurated  in  1890,  and  the  congre- 
gation was  organized  by  the  missionary  pastor,  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutzr 
on  September  27th,  1891.  The  congregation  worshiped  in  a 
rented  hall  until  the  present  church  building  was  erected  in 
1893-95,  and  was  dedicated,  in  1895,  by  Rev.  F.  W.  E.  Peschau,. 
D.  D.,  Rev.  W.  S.  Bowman,  D.  D.,  and  the  pastor,  Rev.  W. 
A.  Lutz.  It  is  a  stone  and  brick  structure,  of  gothic  style,. 
50  x  72,  and  beautifully  finished  both  inside  and  out,  and  has  a 
seating  capacity  of  four  hundred  and  fifty.  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz 
resigned  July  1st,  1900,  and  Rev.  E.  L.  Folk  became  pastor  in 
February,  1901. 

New  Bethel  Church  is  located  in  Stanly  County,  N.  C, 
about  ten  miles  northwest  from  Albemarle. 

Some  time  between  1788  and  1806  members  of  the  Lutheran 


IOO 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


and  German  Reformed  Churches  were  organized  into  a  union 
congregation,  it  is  supposed  by  Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch,  and 
erected  a  house  of  worship  near  Bear  Creek,  in  Stanly  County, 
about  two  miles  from  the  present  location. 

The  congregation  was  named  "Bethel,"  but  was  popularly 
known  as  "  Bear  Creek  Church,"  because  of  its  location.  Thus 
it  continued  until  1874,  when  the  Lutherans,  for  a  money  con- 
sideration, surrendered  all  claim  to  the  property,  and  built  a  new 
house  at  the  present  location,  the  congregation  taking  the  name 
of  "  New  Bethel  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church."  The  building 
was  dedicated  November  29th,  1874,  by  Rev.  W.  Kimball  and 
Rev.  P.  A.  Strobel.  It  is  a  neat  frame  building,  60  x  40,  with 
a  seating  capacity  of  about  five  hundred. 

In  1888,  while  under  the  pastorship  of  Rev.  George  H.  Cox, 
the  congregation  erected  a  parsonage  near  the  church.  It  is  a 
neat,  one-story  building,  containing  six  rooms,  nicely  painted, 
having  a  well  of  good  water,  all  necessary  outbuildings,  and 
several  acres  of  land. 

The  congregation  now  numbers  one  hundred  and  forty-nine 
members. 


Pastors. 

Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch 1S06- 

Rev.  John  William  Meyer 1814- 

Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch 1819- 

Rev.  Daniel  Scherer 1824- 

Rev.  Daniel  Jenkins 1834- 

Rev.  Benjamin  Arey 1837- 

Rev.  P.  A.  Strobel 1S3S- 

Rev.  William  G.  Harter  .  „ 1841- 

Rev.  J.  D.  Scheck 1856- 

Rev.  G.  D.    Bernheim 1S5S- 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony 1860- 

Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose 1867- 

Rev.  W.  R.  Ketchie 1873. 

Rev.  P.  A.  Strobel 1S74- 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,   D.  D 1876- 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1S80- 

Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser 1885- 

Rev.  G.  H.  Cox 1888- 

Rev.  C.  C.  Lyerly 1890- 


814 
817 
824 

831 
836 
838 
841 
856 

857 
860 
866 

871 

875 
879 
883 
887 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  IOI 

Pastors. 

Rev.  J.  H.  C.  Fisher 1893 — 1894. 

Rev.  C.  C.  Lyerly 1894 — 1897. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  present  pastor,  took  charge  October  2d,  1898. 


Bethel  Church  is  located  in  Rowan  County,  N.  C,  four 
miles  northwest  from  Salisbury.  The  congregation  was  first 
known  as  "  Franklin."  It  was  organized  by  Rev.  Jacob  Crim, 
in  March,  185 1,  with  twenty-one  members.  The  first  entry 
under  the  name  of  Bethel  occurs  in  1854.  The  first  house  af 
worship  was  erected  a  short  distance  from  the  present  site.  In 
a  few  years  a  small  village  grew  up  about  half  a  mile  west  from 
the  church.  As  a  new  church  house  was  needed  it  was  proposed 
to  rebuild  in  the  village.  This,  however,  was  opposed,  and  as  a 
compromise  the  new  house  was  erected  midway  between  the  old 
site  and  the  village.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  church  sites 
within  the  bounds  of  the  Synod.  The  building  is  a  frame, 
60  x  40,  beautiful  in  all  its  parts,  and  comfortably  seats  three 
hundred  and  fifty.  Present  membership  is  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
two.  Dedicated  April  29th,  1883,  by  Revs.  J.  B.  Davis,  D.D.,  and 
V.  R.  Stickley.  Three  ministers  have  been  reared  in  the  con- 
gregation, viz.:  Revs.  M.  M.  Miller,  Turner  Earnhardt,  and 
P.  E.  Monroe.  Rev.  M.  M.  Miller  is  buried  in  the  graveyard. 
He  was  killed  in  skirmish  near  Richmond,  Va.,  June  7th,  1864. 

A  commodious  and  convenient  parsonage  stands  in  the  village 
of  Zeb.  It  has  eight  rooms  and  all  necessary  conveniences,  and 
is  owned  jointly  by  this  congregation  and  St.  Paul's,  with  which 
it  is  in  pastorate  relation. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Jacob  Crim 1851 — 1858. 

Rev.  J.  L.  Smithdeal 1858— 1860. 

Rev.  Jacob  Crim 1861 — 1862. 

Rev.  S.  Scherer 1862 — 1872. 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.   D 1872— 1S73. 

Rev.  H.  M.  Brown 1873— 18S2. 

Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley 1882— 1SS4. 

Rev.  C.  A.  Rose 1884 — 1899. 

Rev.  V.  Y.  Boozer i8qq 


102  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Bethany  Church,  located  in  Stokes  County,  N.  C,  six 
miles  south  from  Danbury.  On  the  fifth  Sunday  in  June,  1889, 
Rev.  H.  M.  Brown,  who  was  then  the  pastor  of  the  Forsythe 
Mission,  by  invitation  of  Mr.  B.  F.  Pulliam,  preached  at  Flat 
Shoals  school-house.  He  returned  on  the  second  Sunday  in 
August  and  held  a  meeting  for  several  days,  and  as  a  result  Mr. 
B.  F.  Pulliam  and  Mrs.  Golden  united  with  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church  by  the  sacrament  of  baptism.  Others  soon 
followed,  so  that  on  the  9th  of  November,  1889,  Bethany  con- 
gregation was  organized  with  D.  M.  Hall,  Elder,  and  B.  F. 
Pulliam,  Deacon,  there  being  five  other  members. 

A  neat  frame  church  building  was  erected  in  1890,  the  corner- 
stone having  been  laid  in  August  by  Rev.  C.  B.  Miller.  No 
special  dedicatory  services  have  been  held.  The  house  is 
40  x  30,  and  comfortably  seats  about  two  hundred  and  fifty.  The 
present  membership  is  twenty-five.  The  congregation  holds  an 
interest  in  the  parsonage  of  the  Forsythe  Mission. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  H.  M.  Brown 1889— 1891. 

Rev.  E.  P.  Parker 1891— 1892. 

Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler. 1892 — 1896. 

Rev.  R.  L.  Bame 1896 — 1897. 


Bethany  Church,  located  in  Davidson  County,  N.  C. 
Traditions  says  that  emigrants  from  Pennsylvania  settled  here 
in  1 79 1,  and  very  soon  thereafter  organized  a  union  congrega- 
tion. The  old  deed  of  land  is  to  "  The  Lutheran  and  German 
Presbyterians, ' '  but  the  congregation  is  now  composed  of  Luth- 
erans and  German  Reformed. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  erected  at  about  the  same  time 
that  the  congregation  was  organized,  and  has  long  since  passed 
away. 

The  present  frame  structure  was  erected  in  1861 .  It  is  60  x  40, 
and  seats  five  hundred  persons.  It  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  W. 
Kimball.     Rev.  John  Swicegood  was  reared  in  this  congregation. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  I03 

The  congregation  has  an  interest  in  the  parsonage  at  Tyro. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Daniel  Jenkins,  Rev.  E.  P.  Parker, 

Rev.  John  Swicegood,  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz, 

Rev.  W.  Kimball,  Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler, 

Rev.  C.  H.  Bernheim,  Rev.  R.  L.  Bame. 
Rev.  J.  D.  Bowles, 

The  congregation  has  never  seemed  to  prosper,  and  has  been 
vacant  often  and  during  long  intervals. 


Christiana  Church  is  located  on  the  Gold  Hill  Road, 
six  miles  southeast  from  Salisbury,  N.  C.  It  was  organized 
January  23d,  1871,  by  Rev.  S.  Scherer.  Its  first  house  of  wor- 
ship, a  frame  building,  50  x  35,  was  erected  in  1S74.  In  1898, 
while  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  C.  A.  Brown,  the  old  house 
was  removed,  and  a  beautiful  modern  building,  65  x  50,  was 
•erected  in  its  place.  This  house  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  L.  E. 
Busby  on  January  1st,  1899.  The  congregation  has  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  members  on  the  roll. 

The  following  have  served  the  congregation  : 

Pastors. 

Rev.  S.  Scherer,  Rev.  J.  Q.  Wertz, 

Rev.  R.  L.  Brown,  Rev.  C.  A.  Brown, 

Rev.  J.  M.  Hedrick,  Rev.  J.  P.  Miller. 

Rev.  J-  W.  Strickler, 


Coldwater  Church  is  located  near  Coldwater  Creek,  two 
miles  east  from  Concord,  in  Cabarrus  County,  X.  C.  It  was 
first  a  German  Reformed  congregation,  and  as  such  dates  back 
as  far  as  1768,  five  years  before  Nussman  and  Arends  came 
from  Germany. 

About  1782  the  Lutherans  belonging  to  St.  John's  Church, 
.and  living  in  the  neighborhood  of  Coldwater  Creek,  joined  with 


io4 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


the  German  Reformed  to  form  a  union  congregation.  Land  for 
a  church  site  was  deeded  to  the  congregation,  in  that  year,  by 
Adam  Bowers,  and  Martin  Phifer  was  made  Trustee  of  the  con- 
gregation. The  house  that  was  built  was  of  hewn  logs,  and  was 
not  completed  until  about  1834. 

In  18 14  the  congregation  was  admitted  to  Synod,  and  it  is- 
probable  that  about  that  time  it  was  organized  as  a  Lutheran 
congregation,  worshiping  with  the  German  Reformed. 

In  1843  most  of  the  Lutherans  belonging  to  the  congregation 
withdrew  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  congregation  at  Con- 
cord, which  congregation  has  since  been  known  as  St.  James'. 
This  left  the  congregation  so  weak  that  no  Lutheran  services 
were  held  there  again  until  1871,  when  the  organization  became 
an  independent  Lutheran  congregation. 

In  1880  the  present  house  of  worship  was  erected.  It  is 
small,  but  very  neat  and  churchly.  There  are  forty-three  mem- 
bers belonsrinp  to  it. 


Pastors. 


Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch, 
Rev.  P.  A.  Strobel, 
Rev.  W.  G.  Harter, 
Rev.  L.  A.  Bikle,  D.  D. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Harry, 
Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman, 


Rev.  J.  S.  Heilig, 
Rev.  W.  Kimball, 
Rev.  J.  M.  Hedrick, 
Rev.  J.  D.  Shealy, 
Rev.  H.  A.  McCullough. 


Centre  Grove  Church  is  located  in  Cabarrus  County,  N.  C.,. 
five  miles  north  from  Concord.  It  was  organized  by  Rev.  W. 
Kimball  on  September  9th,  1876,  and  was  composed  of  mem- 
bers from  Lutheran  Chapel  Church. 

The  house  is  a  handsome  frame  building,  50x30,  nicely 
finished,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  for  four  hundred.  It  was- 
dedicated  the  first  Sunday  in  April,  1880,  by  Rev.  W.  H.  Cone, 
assisted  by  Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley. 

The  congregation  had  an  interest  in  the  St.  Andrew's  par- 
sonage at  Concord,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  September  21st,. 
1900. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  I05 

Pastors. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Cone  for  three  years. 
Rev.  B.  S.  Brown  for  four  years. 
Rev.  J.  L.  Buck  for  three  years. 
Rev.  C.  A.  Marks  for  six  years. 
Rev.  J.  Q.  Wertz  for  two  years. 
Rev.  W.  B.  Oney  for  two  years. 
Rev.  C.  A.  Brown  since  May,  1900. 

The  aggregate  of  vacancies  is  about  three  years. 


Concordia  Church  is  located  in  Rowan  County,  N.  C, 
fifteen  miles  southwest  from  Salisbury,  on  the  Mooresville  and 
Concord  Road. 

The  congregation  was  organized  in  1882  by  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz, 
and  was  made  up  of  families  from  Lutheran  Chapel  and  St. 
Enoch's  Churches. 

The  house  of  worship  is  a  frame  structure,  70  x  50,  well 
finished  and  nicely  furnished,  and  was  erected  in  1882  and 
1883,  and  dedicated  in  the  year  18S3  by  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz, 
assisted  by  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D.,  and  Rev.  S.  T.  Hall- 
man,  D.  D.  Its  seating  capacity  is  eight  hundred,  and  the 
present  membership  numbers  one  hundred  and  fourteen. 

The  congregation  owns  a  parsonage  located  at  "  Saw  "  Post- 
office,  about  one  and  one-half  miles  from  the  church.  It  is  an 
excellent  frame  building,  two  stories  high,  with  an  L,  contain- 
ing seven  rooms,  and  having  many  conveniences  for  the  pastors. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz 18S2—  1S83. 

Rev.  Holmes    Dysinger,  D.  D 1883. 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1884—  1SS5. 

Rev.  C.  B.  Miller,  supply 1SS6. 

Rev.  C.  A.  Brown,  supply 1887. 

Rev.  D.  A.  Sox 1887— 1S8S. 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1S89—  1S91. 

Rev.  C.  A.  Brown 1892 — 1893. 

Rev.  H.  W.  Jeffcoat 1894 — 1900. 

Rev.  B.  S.  Brown 1900. 


Io6  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Christ  Church  is  located  in  the  town  of  Spencer,  Rowan 
County,  N.  C. 

The  congregation  was  organized  in  a  school-house,  about  two 
miles  northeast  from  Spencer,  by  Rev.  Simeon  Scherer,  Novem- 
ber 13th,  1870. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  built  on  the  Lexington  Road, 
three  and  one-half  miles  east  from  Salisbury.  The  present  house 
is  a  nice  frame  building,  60  x  36,  with  seating  capacity  of  about 
four  hundred.  It  was  erected  in  1899.  Present  membership 
forty-six. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  S.  Scherer 1870 — 1875 

Rev.  H.  M.  Brown 1875— 1880 

Rev.  W.  J.  Smith 1881— 18 

Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley 1882— 18 

Rev.  C.  A.  Rose 18S4— 18 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1897 — 18 

Rev.  P.  L.  Miller 1898— 1900 

Rev.  H.  W.  Jeffcoat 1900. 


Ebenezer  Church  is  located  in  Rowan  County,  five  miles 
west  from  Organ  Church  and  four  miles  east  from  China  Crove. 
It  was  formerly  a  part  of  the  western  district  of  Organ  congrega- 
tion. In  December,  1866,  members  of  Organ  Church  living  in 
the  above-named  community  petitioned  the  Southern  Confer- 
ence of  the  North  Carolina  Synod  to  authorize  the  formation  of 
a  new  congregation,  for  their  benefit,  somewhere  near  "  Bos- 
tian's  school-house." 

The  conference  granted  the  request  and  appointed  the  Rev. 
G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D.,  with  Dr.  P.  A.  Sifferd  and  Captain  J. 
A.  Fisher  as  a  special  committee  to  attend  to  the  matter.  At 
the  annual  meeting  of  Synod  in  May,  1867,  this  action  of  the 
conference  was  ratified  and  confirmed  ;  whereupon  the  commit- 
tee, on  the  first  Sunday  in  June,  1867,  organized  the  congrega- 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS. 


I07 


tion  as  Ebenezer  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  there  being 
nineteen  members  entering  into  the  organization. 

The  first  council  was  elected  upon  the  same  day,  and  con- 
sisted of  Dr.  P.  A.  Sifferd  and  Frederick  Stirewalt,  Elders  ;  and 
Moses  J.  Barger  and  J.  A.  Eddleman,  Deacons. 

A  lot,  containing  three  and  one-half  acres,  "was  donated  by 
Frederick  and  Paul  Stirewalt,  and  the  church  was  built  thereon 
during  the  year  1868.  It  is  an  excellent  frame  building,  60  x  40, 
nicely  finished  inside  and  out. 

The  dedicatory  services  were  held  by  the  pastor,  Rev.  G.  D. 
Bernheim,  D.  D.,  on  January  31st,  1869,  the  sermon  being 
delivered  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  L.  A.  Bikle,  D.  D.,  who  was  at  the 
time  President  of  North  Carolina  College. 

In  1879  the  congregation  was,  by  Synod,  placed  in  pastorate 
relationship  with  Organ  Church,  and  in  1887  the  pastorate 
erected  a  parsonage  near  Organ  Church,  Ebenezer,  holding  a 
one-third  interest  in  the  same. 

The  present  membership  of  the  congregation  is  one  hundred 
and  twenty-three. 

The  congregation  has  had  but  very  little  vacancy  since  its 
organization,  having  been  served  as  follows  : 


R 

Rev 
Rev 
Rev- 
Rev 
Re 
Rev 
R 


Pastors. 

.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D 1S67— 1870 

.  Prof.  L.  A.  Bikle,  D.  D 1S70—  1S75 

.  W.  Kimball 1S75— 1S76 

.  R.  W.  Petrea 1876— 1S77 

.  Prof.  S.  S.  Rahn 1S7S— 1S79 

.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 1879— 1S85 

.  W.  R.  Brown 1886— 1S93 

.  George  H.  Cox 1894. 


Faith  Church,  in  the  village  of  Faith,  Rowan  County, 
N.  C,  six  miles  south  from  Salisbury,  was  organized  by  Rev.  R. 
L.  Brown,  on  March  26th,  1S99.  The  church  building  was 
■erected   during    1899-1900,  and  is  a  handsome  frame   structure, 


Io8  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

56x34,  built  after  the  style  of  modern  church  architecture,  with 
seating  capacity  of  about  three  hundred.  The  corner-stone  was 
laid  February  17th,  1900,  by  the  President  of  Synod,  Rev.  C.  B. 
Miller,  assisted  by  Revs.  G.  H.  Cox,  C.  A.  Brown,  V.  Y. 
Boozer,  and  R.  L.  Brown.  The  congregation  numbers  sixty- 
three  members,  and  bids  fair  to  become  a  strong  church. 


Frieden's  Church  is  located  two  miles  north  from  Gibson- 
ville,  in  Guilford  County,  N.C.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  Lutheran 
churches  in  North  Carolina.  Although  we  do  not  know  just 
when  it  was  organized,  yet  we  do  know  that  it  was  prior  to  the 
Revolutionary  War.  During  that  war  there  was  a  man  by  the 
name  of  Schumaker  lived  a  few  hundred  yards  from  the  church. 
This  man  was  a  "Tory,"  and,  upon  a  certain  occasion,  refused 
to  give  a  drink  of  water  to  a  wounded  soldier.  This  so  infuri- 
ated his  companions  that  they  took  the  man  Schumaker  to  the 
church,  made  him  stand  on  the  door-steps,  and  shot  him  there. 
He  is  buried  in  the  old  graveyard.  From  this  circumstance  the 
church  was  often  called  "  Schumaker' s  Church."  Originally 
the  congregation  was  composed  of  Lutherans  and  German  Re- 
formed, who  had  together  come  from  Pennsylvania.  About  the 
year  1855  they  separated,  and  it  has  since  been  wholly  Lutheran. 

There  have  been  three  houses  of  worship.  The  first  was  con- 
structed of  pine  poles  ;  the  second  was  a  log-house,  weather- 
boarded  and  ceiled  ;  and  the  present  is  a  fine  brick  building,  with 
a  seating  capacity  of  about  five  hundred.  It  was  erected  in  1869 
and  1870,  and  was  dedicated  May  22d,  1871,  by  the  pastor, 
Rev.  C.  H.  Bernheim,  assisted  by  Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  13.  D., 
and  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D. 

The  congregation  has  always  been  numerically  strong,  though, 
at  present,  but  one  hundred  and  seventy-eight  members  are  re- 
ported. 

In  the  graveyard  near  the  church  lie  buried  Rev.  Simeon 
Scherer  and  Rev.  J.  R.  Sikes,  both  of  whom  were  born  in  the 
county  and  died  while  pastors  of  the  church. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  109 

An  excellent  parsonage,  belonging  to  the  pastorate,  stands  in 
the  town  of  Gibsonville,  on  the  N.  C.  R.  R.  It  is  a  frame 
structure,  with  two  stories  and  an  L,  containing  six  rooms.  A 
garden,  barn,  and  other  outhouses  are  attached,  making  a  very 
comfortable  and  convenient  home  for  the  pastor. 

The  list  of   pastors  is  incomplete,   no    records    having    been 

kept  of  the  early  history  of  the  congregation.      The  following 

is  measurably  correct : 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Philip  Henkel,  Rev.  C.  H.  Bernheim, 

Rev.  G.  Schober,  Rev.  W.  Kimball, 

Rev.  Jacob  Scherer,  Rev.  J.  L.  Buck, 

Rev.  William  Artz,  Rev.  C.  B.  Miller, 

Rev.  Simeon   Scherer,  Rev.  J.  R.  Sikes, 

Rev.  J.  D.  Sheck,  Rev.  E.  P.  Parker, 

Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose,  Rev.  C.  A.  Brown. 
Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D., 


Grace  Church  is  located  six  miles  southwest  from  Salisbury, 
between  Salisbury  and  China  Grove.  The  organization  was 
effected  in  1880,  by  the  Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley,  and  was  composed 
of  members  from  Salem  and  Lutheran  Chapel  congregations. 

Its  house  of  worship,  a  neat  frame  building,  60x35,  with  a 
seating  capacity  of  four  hundred,  was  erected  in  1880,  and  ded- 
icated by  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz  in  1881. 

Belonging  to  the  Salem  pastorate,  it  holds  a  joint  interest  in 
the  parsonage  near  that  church. 

The  present  membership  numbers  one  hundred  and  ninety. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  V.   R.  Stickley 1880— 1882. 

Rev.  J.  D.  Shirey,  D.  D 1882— 1887. 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1889— 1892. 

Rev.  C.  A.  Brown 1892 — 1S94. 

Rev.  V.  Y.   Boozer 1894 — 1895. 

Rev.  H.  X.  Miller,  Ph.  D 1895— 1897. 

Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler 1897. 

The  aggregate  of  vacancies  has  been  a  little  over  two  years. 


IIO  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Holy  Trinity  Church,  in  the  town  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  Cabar- 
rus County,  N.  C,  was  organized  about  1864,  by  Rev.  L.  C. 
Groseclose.  The  congregation  worshiped  in  the  chapel  of  North 
Carolina  College  until  1872,  when  its  present  church  build- 
ing was  erected.  It  is  a  substantial  brick  structure,  50x40, 
having  vestibule,  tower,  and  bell,  with  the  auditorium  neatly 
frescoed.  The  congregation  owns  a  good  parsonage  on  a  lot 
adjoining  the  church  lot.  It  is  a  two-story  frame  building,  con- 
taining seven  rooms  and  suitable  outbuildings.  There  are  now 
one  hundred  and  fifty-three  members  belonging  to  it.  The  grave- 
yard is  located  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town,  about  a  half- 
mile  from  the  church.  Here,  among  many  others,  lie  buried 
Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony  and  Rev.  J.  U.  Shirey,  D.  D. 

The  following  named  pastors  have  served  the  congregation  at 

different  times  : 

Pastors. 
Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose,  Rev.  B.  S.  Brown, 

Rev.  D.  M.  Henkel,  Rev.  H.  N.  Miller,  Ph.  D., 

Rev.  S.  B.  Davis,  D.  D.,  Rev.  J.  A.  Linn. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Wyse, 


Hopewell  Church  is  located  five  miles  south  from  Winston, 
N.  C,  on  the  road  leading  to  Lexington.  The  land  upon 
which  the  church  stands  was  originally  donated  by  Mr.  Henry 
Rippel.  He  erected  a  school-house  upon  it,  in  which  he  and 
Rev.  G.  Schober,  in  1807,  organized  the  first  Sunday  school 
ever  established  in  North  Carolina.  This  was  the  beginning  of 
the  congregation  that  was  organized  by  Rev.  Schober  in  18 10. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  1810,  and  was  ded- 
icated in  March,  1811.  It  was  a  log-house,  32x20,  with  end 
and  side  galleries.  It  had  a  bell,  which  was  moulded  by  Mr. 
Rippel,  and  which  is  now  preserved  in  the  Museum  in  Salem, 
N.  C. 

The  second  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  1896,  and  was 
dedicated  in  March,  1897,  by  the  officers  of  the  Northern  Con- 
ference of  the  North  Carolina  Synod.      It  is  a  neat  frame  build- 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  Ill 

ing,    54x28,  well  finished  and  nicely  furnished.     The  present 
membership  is  only  nine  persons,  and  never  has  been  large. 

Its  first  pastor  was  Rev.  G.  Schober,  who  served  the  congre- 
gation for  twenty-six  years,  until  1836,  without  accepting  any 
salary  at  all.  Since  then  there  have  been  no  regular  pastors, 
but  the  following  have  supplied  the  congregation  for  longer  or 
shorter  periods  : 

Pastors. 

Rev.  L.  C.  Croseclose,  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz, 

Rev.  W.  Kimball,  Rev.  R.  L.  Brown, 

Rev.  J.  R.  Sikes,  Rev.  E.  P.  Parker, 

Rev.  W.  A.  Julian,  Rev.  E.  L.  Folk. 
Rev.  J.  D.  Bowles, 


Haven  Church  is  located  on  Chestnut  Hill,  West  Salis- 
bury, N.  C.  The  congregation  was  organized  August  13th, 
1899,  by  Rev.  W.  A.  Julian,  and  was  first  called  Mt.  Zion. 

The  congregation  is  erecting  a  very  nice  building,  50x34, 
with  a  tower  seventy  feet  high,  which,  when  done,  will  be  hand- 
some and  churchly,  and  will  comfortably  seat  about  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty  persons. 

The  work  is  a  mission  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod  and  bids 
fair  to  become  a  prosperous  congregation.  The  present  member- 
ship is  sixty -six. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  W.  A.  Julian  to  September,  1899. 
Rev.  H.  W.  Jeffcoat  present  pastor. 


Immanuel  Church  is  located  in  Rowan  County,  X.  C, 
midway  between  Rockwell  and  Gold  Hill. 

For  something  like  thirty  years  a  Sunday  school  had  been 
maintained  in  Elm  Grove  school-house,  with  occasional  preach- 
ing service  by  the  different  pastors  of  Organ  Church  up  until 
April  14th,  1895,  when  Rev.  George  H.  Cox  organized  the  con- 
gregation and  served  as  the  first  pastor. 


112  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

The  house  of  worship  is  a  very  neat  brick  building,  nicely  fin- 
ished, which  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  H.  M.  Brown  in  October, 
1898. 

The  present  membership  is  forty-seven. 

Pastors. 
Rev.  George  H.  Cox,  Rev.  Prof.  J.  H.  C.  Fisher. 

Rev.  R.  L.  Brown, 


Lau's  Church  is  located  in  Guilford  County,  N.  C,  eigh- 
teen miles  southeast  from  Greensboro  and  two  miles  from  the 
Alamance  battle-ground,  where  was  fought  the  battle  between  the 
British  and  the  Regulators  in  May,  1771. 

No  early  records  have  been  preserved,  but  the  congregation 
must  have  been  organized  at  a  very  early  date,  probably  by 
Nussman  or  Arends,  who  made  frequent  ministerial  journeys  into 
that  section  of  country.  The  congregation  has  always  been 
Lutheran,  never  having  united  with  the  German  Reformed,  as  so 
many  of  the  early  congregations  did. 

When  the  first  house  of  worship  was  built,  how  long  it  was 
used,  and  what  was  its  character,  nothing  is  known  except  that 
it  was  the  inevitable  log-house  of  the  pioneer  period. 

The  second  house  was  a  frame  building.  Both  houses  stood 
very  near  the  present  location.  The  present  building  is  a  neat 
frame  structure,  with  a  roomy  vestibule,  and  the  pulpit  between 
the  doors  as  you  enter  the  auditorium.  It  is  60  x  40,  and  has  a 
seating  capacity  of  five  hundred. 

Just  in  the  rear  of  the  church  is  the  old  graveyard,  where  lie 
the  earthly  remains  of  two  Lutheran  ministers,  Rev.  Jacob 
Grieson  and  Rev.  B.  C.  Hall. 

The  congregation  no  doubt  participated  in  the  organization  of 
the  Synod  in  1803,  and  took  an  active  part  in  discussions  and 
struggles  growing  out  of  the  rupture  that  resulted  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Tennessee  Synod. 

It  has  always  been  a  strong  congregation,  and  now  numbers 
two  hundred  and  twenty-three  confirmed  members. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS. 


xl3 


Near  the  church  stands  the  parsonage,  belonging  to  the  churches 
comprising  the  "Guilford  pastorate."  It  is  a  comfortable  and 
convenient  house,  containing  nine  rooms.  There  are  also  neces- 
sary outbuildings,  and  fifteen  acres  of  land  for  the  use  of  the 
pastor. 

Pastors. 


Rev. 

A.  Xussman, 

Rev 

.  B. 

C.  Hall, 

Rev. 

J.  G.  Arends, 

Re% 

.  YV 

.  A.  Julian, 

Rev. 

Ludwig  Markert, 

Rev 

.  E. 

P.  Parker, 

Rev. 

Jacob  Scherer, 

Re\ 

.  A. 

U.  L.  Moser, 

Rev. 

William  Artz, 

Re\ 

.  B. 

W.  Cronk, 

Rev. 

John  Swicegood, 

Re\ 

.  H 

M.  Brown. 

Rev. 

Simeon  Scherer, 

Lebanon  Church,  located  in  Rowan  County,  N.  C,  two 
miles  from  Barber's  Junction,  on  the  "  Western  "  Railroad,  was 
organized  by  Rev.  B.  W.  Cronk  in  1893. 

In  the  same  year  the  present  church-house  was  erected.  It  is 
a  frame  building,  60  x  35,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty,  and  nicely  finished. 

It  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  H.  X.  Miller.  Ph.  D..  on  the  fifth 
Sunday  in  November,  1S96.  The  congregation  numbers  thirty- 
four  members. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  B.  W.  Cronk 1S90 — 1894. 

Rev.  V.  Y.  Boozer 1894 — 1S95. 

Rev.  H.  N.  Miller,  Ph.  D 1S95— 1S97. 

Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler 1S97. 


Lutheran  Chapel  Church  is  located  in  Rowan  County, 
N.  C,  about  one  mile  from  China  Grove.  It  is  one  among  the 
oldest  congregations,  and,  like  all  the  rest,  has  failed  to  preserve 
any  early  records.  From  other  facts  that  are  known,  it  is  evident 
that  the  congregation  must  have  been  organized  about   1780,  by 


114  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

either  Nussman  or  Arends,  and  was  served  by  them  until  January 
7th,  1789,  when  Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch  became  pastor.  It  was- 
then  known  as  the  Irish  Settlement. 

During  this  time,  that  is,  between  1780  and  1789,  the  first 
house  of  worship  was  erected,  and  was  owned  jointly  with  the 
German  Reformed.  The  building  was  painted  red,  and  was 
known  as  Savitz's  Church.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  by  a  crazy 
man  because  it  was  not  painted  blue. 

In  a  short  time  another  house  was  erected  on  the  same  spot, 
and  was  again  painted  red.  Between  1 820-1 830  the  Lutherans 
were  greatly  wrought  up  on  the  questions  then  agitating  the 
Church,  which  resulted  in  a  division  and  the  formation  of  an- 
other congregation,  adhering  to  the  Tennessee  Synod.  Thus 
there  were  now  three  congregations,  each  having  its  own  pastor, 
and  worshiping  in  the  same  house.  This  state  of  affairs  continued 
until  about  1835,  when  a  general  separation  took  place,  each 
congregation  building  a  house  for  itself. 

Thus  the  third  house  of  worship  was  erected,  and  took  the 
name  of  Luther's  Chapel,  which  has  since  been  changed  to 
Lutheran  Chapel  Church.  This  was  a  frame  building,  and  was 
unpainted.  In  1865  the  old  church  was  removed,  and  a  large 
brick  edifice  was  erected  in  its  place.  This  continued  in  use 
until  1892,  when  it  was  thoroughly  remodeled  and  rededicated, 
May  7th,  1893,  the  sermon  being  delivered  by  the  President  of 
Synod,  Rev.  G.  H.  Cox,  D.  D.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
churches  in  the  Synod.  The  congregation  has  always  been  large 
and  always  loyally  Lutheran,  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  all 
the  work  of  the  Synod,  of  which  it  was  an  original  member.  The 
congregation  is  thoroughly  organized  and  equipped,  and  has  a 
membership  of  two  hundred  and  ten. 

In  the  graveyard  lie  buried  Rev.  W.  Kimball,  Rev.  C.  A. 
Rose,  and  Mr.  I.  F.  Patterson,  who  was  for  a  number  of  years 
the  Treasurer  of  Synod. 

The  congregation  has  an  excellent  parsonage,  one  mile  from 
the  church,  in  the  town  of  China  Grove.  It  is  a  large  frame 
building,  two  stories,  seven  rooms,  and  has  all  conveniences  and 
comforts  for  the  pastor  and  family. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS. 


JI5 


Pastors. 

Revs.  A.  Nussman  and  J.  G.  Arends 1780- 

Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch 17S9- 

Rev.  Daniel  Scherer. 1820- 

Rev.  Jacob  Kaempfer 1S30- 

Rev.  Henry  Graeber ^JJ- 

Rev.  J.  D.  Scheck 1837- 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 1854- 

Rev.  B.  C.  Hall 1855- 

Rev.  William  Artz 1859- 

Rev.  Whitson  Kimball 1861- 

Rev.  W.  H.  Cone 1877- 

Rev.  B.  S.  Brown 1881- 

Rev.  J.  L.  Buck 1887- 

Rev.  C.  A.  Marks 1889- 

Rev.  J.  Q.  Wertz 1896. 


789 
820 
830 
833 
837 
854 
855 
857 
861 
877 
881 
887 


Luther  Memorial  Church  is  located  at  the  southern  point 
of  Rowan  County,  N.  C,  about  four  miles  from  Richfield. 

The  first  mention  of  the  congregation  is  in  the  Minutes  of 
Synod  for  1830.  At  that  time  the  Rev.  J.  Kaempfer  was  pas- 
tor.     It  is  not  known  when  it  was  organized. 

The  present  house  of  worship  was  erected  during  the  pastor- 
ship of  Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker,  and  was  dedicated  September  7th, 
1883,  by  the  pastor,  assisted  by  Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D.,  Rev. 
J.  B.  Anthony,  and  Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Jr. 

It  is  a  very  pretty  frame  building,  60  x  40,  with  a  seating 
capacity  of  about  three  hundred.  The  present  membership  is 
fifty-five. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Jacob  Kaempfer 1832. 

Rev.  H.  Graeber 1832 — 1S41. 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 1841— 1845. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr 1846— 1852. 

Rev.  W.  G.  Harter 1853— 1856. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr 1856 — 1863. 

Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose 1866 — 1867. 

Rev.  R.  L.  Brown 1S68— 1S74. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Cone 1875— 1877. 

Rev.  J.  A.   Linn,  Jr 1878— 1880. 


n6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


Pastors. 
Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker. . 

Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D. 

Rev.  C.  C.  Lyerly 

Rev.  J.  H.  C.  Fisher... 

Rev.  C.  C.  Lyerly 

Rev.  P.  H.  E.  Derrick  . 
Rev.  P.  L.  Miller 


897- 


886 


Macedonia  Church  is  located  in  the  town  of  Burlington, 
Alamance  County,  N.  C,  on  the  line  of  the  Southern  Railroad, 
between  Greensboro  and  Raleigh. 

In  1869,  citizens  of  Burlington  (then  Company  Shops)  and 
vicinity,  petitioned  the  Synod  to  establish  a  mission  at  that 
place,  and  assist  them  in  the  support  of  a  regular  pastor.  The 
Synod  granted  the  request,  and  made  Rev.  W.  A.  Julian  the 
pastor.  That  was  at  the  regular  session  in  April,  1869.  A 
congregation  was  immediately  organized,  and  at  an  extra  session 
of  Synod  held  in  August,  1869,  it  was  received  into  Synod. 

The  church  building  was  erected  in  1879  and  1880,  and  was 
dedicated  on  the  fourth  Sunday  in  April,  1880,  by  the  pastor, 
Rev.  W.  Kimball,  assisted  by  Rev,  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D., 
who  preached  the  dedicatory  sermon.  The  house  is  a  neat 
frame,  36  x  22,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  about  three  hundred. 
The  number  of  members  is  now  one  hundred  and  ten. 

The  congregation  owns  an  excellent  parsonage  on  the  adjoin- 
ing lot  to  the  church.  It  is  a  two-story  frame,  nicely  finished 
in  every  particular.  It  was  erected  in  1894  during  the  pastor- 
ship of  Rev.  C.  B,  Miller.  The  congregation  is  not  yet  self- 
sustaining. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  W.  A.  Julian 1869 — 1873 

Rev.  S.  Scherer 1873 — 1876 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1876— 1880 

Rev.  J.  L.  Buck 1882— 1887 

Rev.  C.  B.  Miller 1890— 1895 

Rev.  V.  Y.  Boozer 1895 — 1899 

Rev.  W.  W.  J.  Ritchie 1899. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  I  1  7 

Mount  Zion  Church  is  located  on  the  Yadkin  Railroad,  in 
the  village  of  Richfield,  Stanly  County,  N.  C. 

The  congregation  was  organized  by  Rev.  C.  C.  Lyerly,  Octo- 
ber 14th,  1S94,  with  twenty-one  members  transferred  from 
"Luther's,"  two  from  "New  Bethel,"  and  two  from  "Matin's 
Grove  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  making  a  total  of  twenty- 
five. 

The  house  of  worship  is  a  small  frame  building,  48  x  32,  nicely 
finished,  and  churchly  in  all  of  its  appointments.  It  was 
erected  during  the  pastorship  of  Rev.  C.  C.  Lyerly.  The  present 
membership  is  fifty-three. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  C.  C.  Lyerly *894 — ^97 . 

Rev.  P.  L.  Miller 1898— 1900. 


Mount  Hermon  Church  is  located  in  Cabarrus  County. 
N.  C,  four  miles  southeast  from  Concord. 

The  congregation  was  organized  by  Rev.  S.  T.  Hallmanr 
D.  D.,  on  April  17th,  1S81,  and  was  composed  of  members 
transferred  from  St.  John's  and  St.  James'  Churches.  Its  house 
of  worship,  a  neat  frame  building,  was  erected  in  1881,  and 
dedicated  April  15th,  1888,  by  Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser.  It  is 
54x36,  nicely  finished  inside  and  out,  and  has  a  seating  ca- 
pacity of  three  hundred  and  fifty.  There  are  at  the  present  time 
eighty-five  members.  It  had  an  interest  in  the  St.  Andrew's 
parsonage  at  Concord,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  September 
21st,  1900. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.  D 1880— 1883. 

Rev.  G.  F.  Schaeffer 18S4. 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1S84— 18S6. 

Rev.  J.  M.  Hedrick 1889— 1S93. 

Rev.  J.  D.  Shealey 1894 — 1895. 

Rev.  H.  A.  McCullough 1895— 1898. 

Rev.  W.  B.  Oney 1898— 1900. 

Rev.  C.  A.  Brown 1900. 

The  aggregate  of  vacancies  has  been  about  three  years. 


n8 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


Mount  Olive  Church  is  located  in  Cabarrus  County,  N. 
C,  five  miles  northwest  from  Mount  Pleasant. 

The  congregation  was  organized  at  Moose's  school-house, 
April  28th,  1878,  by  Rev.  R.  W.  Petrea,  the  pastor  of  St.  John's 
Church,  with  twenty-one  members,  nearly  all  from  St.  John's. 
Mr.  John  Moose  offered  to  donate  the  lot  upon  which  the  school- 
house  stood  ;  the  offer  was  accepted,  and  in  a  very  short  time 
a  part  of  the  necessary  lumber  was  on  the  lot.  Then  it  was  de- 
cided to  change  to  the  present  location.  The  work  of  building 
was  rapidly  advanced,  and  the  house  was  dedicated  November 
2d,  1879.  It  is  an  excellent  frame  structure,  50x40,  churchly 
in  all  its  appointments,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about  five 
hundred.  At  the  time  of  the  dedication  there  were  fifty-one 
members.     Now  there  are  one  hundred  and  forty-eight. 

The  congregation  was  received  into  the  Synod  April  30th, 
1879. 

It  has  an  interest  in  the  parsonage  at  St.  Stephen's,  with  which 
it  is  in  pastorate  relation. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  R.  W.  Petrea 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 

Rev.  J.  B.  Davis,  D.  D 

Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser 

Rev.  George  H.  Cox,  D.  D 1888— 1894 

Rev.  J.  M.  Lingle 1894 — 1895 

Rev.  P.  H.  E.  Derrick 1895— 1896 

Rev.  George  A.  Riser 1898 — 1899 

Rev.  W.  A.  Dutton 1900. 


78—  1S82 
52—1883 


Nazareth  Church  is  located  in  Forsythe  County,  N.  C,  a 
short  distance  from  Rural  Hall.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  congre- 
gations in  the  Synod,  having  been  organized  somewhere  about 
1785,  and  in  all  probability  by  Rev.  A.  Nussman. 

For  a  long  time  the  congregation  worshiped  in  a  school- 
house  ;  then  an  old-time  log  church  was  built  ;  then,  in  1878,  a 
brick  church  was  erected,  which  was  dedicated  November  27  th, 


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SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  II9 

1879,  Dy  the  members  of  the  Northern  Conference,  Rev.  L.  A. 
Bikle,  D.  D.,  preaching  the  sermon. 

The  house  is  45  x  35,  and  nicely  finished.      The  present  num- 
ber of  members  is  ninety-eight. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  A.  Nussman,  Rev.  \V.  Kimball, 

Rev.  A.  Roschen,  Rev.  J.  D.  Bowles, 

Rev.  P.  Henkel,  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz, 

Rev.  G.  Shober,  Rev.  E.  P.  Parker, 

Rev.  J.  P.  Rosenmiiller,  Rev.  R.  L.  Brown, 

Rev.  J.  Crim,  Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler, 

Rev.  M.  M.  Miller,  Rev.  R.  L.  Bame. 
Rev.  John  Swicegood, 


Zion  (everywhere  and  by  everybody  known  as  Organ 
Church)  is  located  in  Rowan  County,  N.  C. ,  ten  miles  south  from 
Salisbury,  on  the  Mt.  Pleasant  Road,  and  seven  miles  west  from 
Gold  Hill.  The  exact  date  of  the  organization  of  the  congrega- 
tion is  not  known,  but,  in  all  probability,  was  shortly  after  1747, 
when  those  who  organized  it  first  came  from  Pennsylvania  to  North 
Carolina.  The  organization  was  effected  in  its  first  church  build- 
ing, possibly  and  probably  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago,  and 
no  doubt  was  the  first  Lutheran  congregation  ever  organized  in 
this  Piedmont  section  of  North  Carolina.  At  the  very  lowest 
estimate  she  is  one  of  the  very  oldest  congregations  in  all  this 
section  of  country  ;  a  landmark  reaching  away  back  before  the 
Revolutionary  War  to  the  time  of  King  George  III.,  and  em- 
bracing in  its  history  from  then  until  now  many  events  pregnant 
with  interest  and  importance. 

Its  first  house  of  worship  was  located  about  seven  miles  from 
where  Organ  Church  now  stands,  near  where  is  now  St.  Peter's 
Church.  It  was  constructed  of  hickory  logs,  and  hence  was 
called  ''Hickory  Church,"  and  was  erected,  owned,  and  used 
jointly  by  the  Lutheran  and  German  Reformed  people.  Just  when 
this  house  was  built  we  have  no  positive  information,  nor  do  we 
know  for  how  many  years  they  occupied  it.      The  ground  upon 


120  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

which  it  stood  was  never  deeded  to  either  church,  and  hence, 
when  it  became  necessary  to  make  a  change,  they  both  aban- 
doned it,  and  it  was  used  no  more  by  either.  The  house  stood 
until  it  finally  went  to  decay,  the  last  crumbling  remains  being 
remembered  by  persons  who  are  still  living. 

The  second  house  of  worship  was  also  a  log  church.  It  stood 
just  back  of  the  present  building,  and  was  used  by  the  congrega- 
tion until  the  new  house  was  ready  for  occupancy.  In  this 
house  Nussman,  the  first  pastor,  began  his  work  and  preached 
three  years  ;  here  Arends  was  ordained  and  preached  ten  years  ; 
and  here  Storch  entered  upon  his  labors  and  preached  until  they 
moved  into  the  new  house.  Then  for  years  the  building  was 
used  for  school  purposes.  There  are  numbers  of  persons  still 
living  who  went  to  school  in  the  old  building. 

The  third  and  present  house  of  worship  is  a  stone  structure, 
50  x  40,  and  two  stories  high.  The  old  pulpit  was  goblet-shaped, 
with  its  sounding  board  overhead,  and  built  high  up  against  the 
wall,  with  winding  steps  to  ascend.  It  has  long  since  disap- 
peared. 

On  three  sides  of  the  auditorium  there  is  a  capacious  gallery 
with  stairs  leading  up  from  either  side,  where,  facing  the  pulpit, 
stood  for  many  years  the  old  pipe  organ,  from  which  the  church 
derives  its  popular  name  of  "  The  Organ  Church." 

It  was  built  in  the  house,  entirely  by  hand,  by  a  Mr.  Stirewalt, 
a  member  of  the  congregation,  and  was  one  among  the  very 
first  pipe  organs  ever  built  in  America,  and  the  first  of  any  kind 
in  any  Lutheran  church  in  North  Carolina. 

It  possessed  none  of  the  external  beauty  and  symmetry  of  the 
pipe  organs  of  our  day  and  time,  but  it  was  well  adapted  to  its 
surroundings  and  the  object  for  which  it  was  made  ;  and  for  long 
years  its  deep,  majestic,  solemn  voice  led  the  congregation  in  its 
service  of  praise,  or  wailed  out  its  slow,  heart-searching  funeral 
dirge  as  the  body  of  one  after  another  of  the  people  was  carried 
out  to  the  silent  city  of  the  dead.  Like  its  builder,  and  the 
many  who  loved  it  and  who  for  many  years  had  united  their 
voices  with  its  mellow  tones,  it  gradually  yielded  to  the  inroads 
of  time  and  use,  growing  each  year  weaker  and  weaker,  until  at 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  12  1 

length  its  work  was  done.  Then,  for  a  long  time,  it  stood  there 
voiceless  and  shattered,  a  relic  and  reminder  of  by-gone  days. 
It  has  long  since  been  removed. 

In  later  years  the  house  has  been  greatly  modernized,  im- 
proved, and  beautified.      Seating  capacity  about  four  hundred. 

At  the  east  end  of  the  church  is  the  graveyard,  surrounded  by 
a  massive  stone  wall.  Here  lie  buried  the  earthly  remains  of 
four  Lutheran  ministers,  viz.:  Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch,  Rev. 
Henry  Graeber,  Rev.  Joseph  A.  Linn,  and  Rev.  Daniel  I. 
Dreher. 

Upon  a  beautiful  and  commanding  elevation  near  the  church 
stands  the  parsonage,  which  belongs  jointly  to  the  two  congrega- 
tions constituting  the  pastorate,  and  which  was  built  during  the 
pastorship  of  Rev.  W.  R.  Brown. 

It  is  a  neat  frame  building,  containing  six  rooms,  and  is  fin- 
ished in  good  style  and  taste,  and  has  attached  all  necessary  out- 
buildings. Belonging  to  the  congregation  there  are  between 
twenty  and  thirty  acres  of  land  surrounding  the  church,  and 
mostly  in  native  forest. 

The  present  membership  is  three  hundred  and  thirty-seven. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Adolphus  Nussman 1 773 — 1 774 

Rev.  Gottfried  Arends 1775 — 1785 

Rev.  Adolphus  Nussman 1 7§5 — J  7^7 

Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch 1788— 1823 

Rev.  Daniel  Scherer 1823 — 1829 

Rev.  Henry  Graeber 1832 — 1843 

Rev.  Samuel  Rothrock,  D.  D 1844 — 1866 

Rev.  W.  H.  Cone 1866  (4  months) 

Rev.  William  Am 1866— 1868 

Revs.  S.  Scherer  and  W.  H.  Cone 1869 — 1870 

Rev.  W.  H.  Cone 1870— 1873 

Rev.  W.  R.  Retchie 1873— 1874 

Rev.  V.  A.  Strobel 1874—1875 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 1876— 1886 

Rev.  W.  R.  Brown 1886—  1S94 

Rev.  George  H.  Cox 1894. 

The  aggregate  of  vacancies  since  the  first  pastor  in  1773  is 
only  one  year. 


122  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Prosperity  Church  is  located  in  Cabarrus  County,  N.  C, 
about  five  miles  from  Mount  Pleasant. 

The  congregation  is  an  off-shoot  from  St.  John's  Church,  and 
was  organized  by  its  pastor,  Rev.  R.  W.  Petrea,  at  Rimer's 
school-house,  in  1879.  In  the  beginning  it  was  a  union  congre- 
gation, composed  of  members  of  the  Lutheran  and  German  Re- 
formed Churches,  but  before  the  church  was  completed  a  separa- 
tion was  effected,  and  the  congregation  has  ever  since  been 
wholly  Lutheran.  The  house  of  worship  is  a  very  neat  frame 
building,  which  was  erected  in  1880  and  dedicated  in  1882  by 
Rev.  L.  A.  Bikle,  D.  D.  It  is  40  x  30,  and  has  a  seating 
capacity  of  about  two  hundred  and  seventy-five.  The  congrega- 
tion has  always  been  small,  and  now  numbers  sixty-two. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  R.  W.  Petrea 1882— 1887 

Rev.  S.  L.  Keller 1887— 1888 

Rev.  J.  M.    Hedrick 1888— 1893 

Rev.  B.  S.  Brown 1894 — 1896 

Rev.  S.  D.  Steffey 1896  (3  months) 

Rev.  R.  L.  Brown 1897 — 1899 

Rev.  J.  H.  C.  Fisher 1900. 


Pilgrim  Church  is  located  in  Davidson  County,  four  miles 
northeast  from  Lexington. 

It  is  a  very  old  congregation,  having  been  organized  early  in 
the  last  or  possibly  in  the  latter  part  of  the  preceding  century. 

The  earliest  record  found  is  in  the  Minutes  of  the  Synod  for 
the  year  1810.  Then  Rev.  Ludwig  Markert  was  pastor, 
Christian  Meyer  and  Valentine  Tag  were  Elders,  and  Henry 
Conrad  and  Peter  Lapp  were  Deacons.  It  was  perhaps  one  of 
the  fourteen  congregations  that  united  to  organize  the  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

The  church  property  has  always  been  owned  jointly  by  the 
Lutherans  and  German  Reformed. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  a  primitive  log-house,  28  x  24. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  1 23 

How  long  that  house  was  used  we  have  no  means  of  knowing  ; 
but  it  was  at  length  supplanted  by  a  frame  building,  45x35, 
with  a  gallery  on  two  sides  and  one  end,  after  the  old  rural 
German  style. 

These  houses  stood  very  near  where  the  present  building  is 
located.  It  is  a  very  neat  frame  structure,  65  x  40,  with  gallery 
and  vestibule,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  five  hundred.  The 
present  membership  is  sixty-five.  Belonging  to  the  Davidson 
pastorate,  the  congregation  holds  an  interest  in  the  parsonage 
at  Tyro. 

According  to  the  best  information  to  be  had,  the  following 
have  served  as  pastors  : 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Paul  Henkel,  Rev.  P.  E.  Zink, 

Rev.  C.  E.  Bernhardt,  Rev.  W.  H.  Cone, 

Rev.  A.  Roschen,  Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser, 

Rev.  Ludwig  Markert,  Rev.  J.  D.  Bowles, 

Rev.  G.  Shober,  Rev.  C.  H.  Bernheim, 

Rev.  Daniel  Jenkins,  Rev.  J.  M.  Hedrick, 

Rev.  Jacob  Crim,  Rev.  D.  W.  Michael, 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony,  Rev.  R.  S.  Patterson, 

Rev.  E.  C.  Groseclose,  Rev.  W.  Kimball, 

Rev.  Benjamin  Arey,  Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker, 

Rev.  W.  A.  Julian,  Rev.  P.  J.  Wade. 


Providence  Church  is  located  in  Scotch-Irish  Township, 
in  Rowan  County,  N.  C. 

The  congregation  was  organized  in  187 1  by  Rev.  J.  H. 
Fesperman,  and  was  a  colony  from  St.  Matthew's  Church  in 
Davie  County.  Immediately  after  the  organization  steps  were 
taken  to  erect  a  house  of  worship.  This  building  was  of  logs, 
and  though  used  for  years  was  never  completed.  Later  another 
building  was  erected  on  the  same  ground.  It  is  a  substantial 
frame  structure,  45x35,  and  will  comfortably  seat  perhaps  four 
hundred  persons.  It  was  dedicated  on  the  fourth  Sunday  in 
April,  1897,  by  Rev.  B.  S.  Brown  and  Rev.  H.  YV.  Jeffcoat. 
The  present  membership  is  forty -two. 


124  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Fesperman 5  years. 

Rev.  W.  R.  Ketchie 15  years. 

Rev.  R.  L.  Bame 1  year. 

Rev.  H.  M.   Brown 1  year. 

Rev.  E.  P.  Parker 1  year. 

Rev.  H.  E.  H.  Sloop 1  year. 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1  year. 

Rev.  R.  A.  Helms,  present  pastor. 


Peace  Church  is  located  in  Guilford  County,  N.  C,  on  the 
public  road  leading  from  Gibsonville  to  Greensboro. 

The  congregation  is  an  off-shoot  from  Frieden's  Church,  and 
was  so  named  because  "Peace  "  is  the  English  translation  for 
Frieden.     It  was  organized  in  1898  by  Rev.  V.  Y.  Boozer. 

The  house  of  worship  is  a  frame  structure,  50x35,  and  is  neat, 
substantial,  and  churchly.  It  was  erected  in  1898.  The  present 
membership  is  fifty-five. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  V.  Y.  Boozer 1898— 1899. 

Rev.  W.  W.  J.  Ritchie 1899. 


Richland  Church  is  located  in  Randolph  County,  four  miles 
north  from  Liberty. 

Emigrants  from  Pennsylvania  settled  here  between  the  years 
1750  and  1760,  and,  according  to  the  best  information,  organ- 
ized the  congregation  about  the  year  1791,  under  the  leadership 
of  Rev.  Christian  Eberhardt  Bernhardt,  who  came  to  this  vicinity 
in  1789.  The  congregation  was  then  composed  of  Lutherans 
and  German  Reformed,  and  continued  thus  until  about  the  year 
1802,  when  it  became  wholly  Lutheran.  It  is,  in  all  probability, 
one  of  the  congregations  that  participated  in  the  organization  of 
the  Synod  in  1803. 

The  first  house  of  worship,  like  all  churches  of  that  day,  was 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  1 25 

made  of  logs.  It  was  about  35  x  25,  had  a  gallery,  a  goblet- 
shaped  pulpit,  and  an  elevated  pew  built  expressly  for  the  officers 
of  the  congregation. 

The  present  house  of  worship  is  a  neat  frame  building,  45  x  35, 
nicely  finished  and  furnished,  and  having  a  seating  capacity  of 
three  hundred  and  fifty. 

Not  far  from  here  the  Rev.  Jacob  Scherer  was  born,  and  in  this 
congregation  he  was  catechised  and  confirmed,  and  for  long  years 
held  his  membership. 

Here,  too,  is  the  grave  of  the  Rev.  Philip  Henkel,  who  died 
in  1833,  while  on  a  visit  to  this  congregation. 

The  congregation  owns  an  interest  in  the  parsonage  of  the  pas- 
torate located  near  Lau's  Church  in  the  adjoining  county.  The 
present  membership  is  sixy-nine. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  C.  E.  Bernhardt,  Rev.  E.  P.  Parker, 

Rev.  Ludwig  Markert,  Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz, 

Rev.  Jacob  Scherer,  Rev.  D.  W.  Michael, 

Rev.  William  Artz,  Rev.  W.  A.  Julian, 

Rev.  John  Swicegood,  Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser, 

Rev.  Simeon  Scherer,  Rev.  B.  W.  Cronk, 

Rev.  B.  C.  Hall,  Rev.  H.  M.  Brown. 


Reformation  Church  is  located  at  the  southern  point  of 
Davie  County,  N.  C,  eight  miles  north  from  Salisbury. 

In  1764  a  colony  from  Germany  settled  ten  miles  north  from 
the  present  location,  and  erected  a  church  which  was  called 
"  Heidleberg  Church,"  and  sometimes  called  "Dutchman's 
Creek  Church. ' '  The  old  church  book  records  the  first  baptism 
as  having  been  administered  on  October  2d,  1766.  This  is  the 
oldest  positive  date  connected  with  any  Lutheran  Church  in 
North  Carolina,  and  the  house  they  erected  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  first  church  in  all  that  section  of  country.  The  con- 
gregation seems  to  have  lapsed,  for  the  record  is  that  a  new 
house  was  erected  in  18 19,  about  eight  miles  south  from  the  first 


126 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


location,  and  that  a  congregation  was  organized  in  1823,  and  was- 
named  "  New  Jerusalem." 

Again  the  congregation  lapsed,  for  on  October  15th,  1873, 
a  new  congregation  was  organized  in  a  school-house  by  Rev. 
J.  D.  Bowles  and  Rev.  P.  E.  Zink,  about  one  mile  south  from 
Jerusalem,  and  was  named  "  Reformation,"  and  sometimes  called 
:■'  Cherry  Hill  Church,"  and  a  new  house  was  erected.  This  is 
a  nicely  finished  frame  building,  55  x  35,  with  a  seating  capacity 
for  about  three  hundred  and  fifty.  The  present  membership  is 
twenty-two. 

In  1 87 1  the  Synod  appointed  a  committee  to  make  sale  of 
the  real  estate  attached  to  the  old  Heidleberg  Church.  And  in 
1872  the  committee  reported  that  they  had  sold  it  for  $300.00, 
and,  in  accordance  with  their  instructions,  had  had  a  substantial 
stone  wall  built  around  the  old  graveyard  at  that  place. 

The  congregation  has  an  interest  in  the  parsonage  at  Tyro- 
Shops. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Paul  Henkel 

Rev.  G.  Shober 

R  ev.  J.  Crim 

Rev.  C.  Lentz 

Rev.  W.  R.  Ketchie 

Rev.  J.  D.  Bowles 

Rev.  H.  M.  Brown 

Rev.  W.  A.  Julian 

Rev.  J.  M.  Hedrick 

Rev.  R.  L.  Brown 

Rev.  E.  P.  Parker 

Rev.  H.  E.  H.  Sloop 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 

Rev.  P.  1.  Wade 


785- 

-1789 

809. 

S43- 

-i860 

863- 

-1864 

869- 

-1870 

870- 

-1873 

874- 

-1880 

888—1892 
893—1894 
896—1897 
897—1898 


St.  John's   Church,  located  in  Salisbury,   Rowan  County,. 

N.  C. 

The  date  of  the  first  organization  of  the  congregation  is  not 
known,  but  was  somewhere  between  1747,  when  the  first  German 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  I  2  7" 

Lutheran  settlers  came  from  Pennsylvania,  and  1768,  when  a 
parcel  of  land  lying  near  the  little  village  of  Salisbury,  now  the 
old  Lutheran  graveyard  in  the  city,  was  deeded  to  the  congre- 
gation by  Mr.  John  Louis  Beard  for  the  purpose  of  a  graveyard  ; 
and  upon  which  it  was  proposed  to  erect  a  house  of  worship. 
In  accordance  with  the  usual  custom  at  that  time,  the  house 
was  built  of  logs,  and  was  the  first  church  of  any  kind  ever 
erected  in  Salisbury. 

It  was  wholly  Lutheran  ;  that  is,  no  one  else  had  any  right  or 
title  in  it  ;  and  it  was  the  only  one  of  the  three  mother-churches, 
as  well  as  many  others  in  after  years,  that  was  owned  entirely 
by  the  Lutherans.  According  to  the  terms  of  the  deed  of  the 
land,  the  Church  of  England  and  the  Calvinistic  Churches  were 
permitted  to  hold  service  in  the  house  when  it  was  not  being 
used  by  the  Lutherans,  but  they  had  no  ownership  in  the  prop- 
erty and  no  union  with  the  congregation. 

The  second  house  of  worship,  a  frame  structure,  was  erected  in 
18 1 8.  The  Lutheran  congregation  seems  to  have  lapsed,  and 
the  Episcopalians  to  have  continued  to  hold  service  in  the  old 
house  until  it  became  dilapidated.  Then  they  erected  a  new 
house  on  the  same  ground :  they  bearing  nearly  all  the  expense, 
though  assisted  by  the  Lutherans.  When  the  question  of  dedi- 
cation arose,  there  came  with  it  a  dispute  as  to  ownership.  Un- 
doubtedly the  Lutherans  owned  the  land,  but  the  Episcopalians 
claimed  the  house.  And  finally,  as  the  best  way  out  of  the 
difficulty,  the  Lutherans  purchased  from  the  Episcopalians  all 
their  interest  in  the  house. 

The  third  house  of  worship  was  built  of  brick,  and  cost 
$2500.00.  The  work  was  begun  in  1848,  during  the  pastorate 
of  Rev.  J.  H.  Coffman,  but  was  not  completed  until  1857,  while 
Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose  was  pastor.  It  was  dedicated  May  26th, 
1857,  the  sermon  being  preached  by  Rev.  D.  F.  Bittle,  D.  D., 
who  was  then  the  President  of  Roanoke  College. 

The  fourth  house  of  worship  is  a  fine  brick  structure.  The 
corner-stone  was  laid  December  9th,  1883,  while  the  Rev.  W. 
J.  Smith  was  pastor,  and  was  dedicated  the  third  Sunday  in 
May,  1889,  by  the  pastor,  Rev.  C.  B.  King,  the  Rev.  Dr.  W.  S. 


128  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Bowman  preaching  the  sermon.  During  the  pastorship  of  Rev. 
Dr.  L.  E.  Busby  the  church  has  been  greatly  improved  and  beau- 
tified. In  1899  an  addition  for  Sunday  school  purposes  was 
made  at  a  cost  of  about  $4000.00,  and  during  1901  the  main 
auditorium  was  remodeled  and  beautified  at  a  cost  of  about 
$2000.00. 

The  congregation  also  owns  a  neat  parsonage  standing  upon 
an  adjoining  lot  to  the  church. 

Although  history  does  not  so  state,  yet  there  are  good  reasons 
for  believing  that  this  congregation  united  with  Organ  and  St. 
John's  of  Cabarrus  County  in  sending  commissioners  to  Germany 
in  the  search  of  a  preacher  and  school  teacher  in  1772  ;  for  im- 
mediately upon  their  return,  in  1773,  the  preacher  became  the 
pastor  of  all  three  churches,  and  settled  in  Salisbury. 

This  congregation  is  celebrated  for  some  important  events 
that  have  occurred.  Here  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  and 
Ministerium  of  North  Carolina,  the  Mother  Synod  in  the  South, 
and  the  third  Synod  in  the  United  States,  was  organized  in  May, 
1803,  and  here,  in  1884,  the  Diet  was  held  that  projected  the 
formation  of  the  United  Synod  in  the  South. 

The  congregation  has  had  many  trials  and  difficulties,  lapsing 
at  one  time  for  more  than  twenty  years.  Now,  however,  it  is  in 
a  flourishing  condition,  holding  property  valued  at  $20,000.00, 
and  having  three  hundred  and  seventy-two  confirmed  members, 
with  more  than  three  hundred  in  the  Sunday  school. 

The  pastoral  changes  have  been  many  and  frequent.  The 
following  is  the  list,  as  nearly  accurate  as  can  be  ascertained  : 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Adolph  Nussman 1 773 — !774- 

Rev.  J.  G.  Arends 1775 — 1785. 

Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch 1788. 

Rev.  John  Reck 1831. 

Rev.  D.  P.  Rosenmiller 183 1 — 1832. 

Rev.  John  T.  Tabler 1832— 1833. 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 1833—1835. 

Rev.  E.  A.  Bolles 1835— 1836. 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 1836— 1839. 

Rev.  John  D.  Sheck .  1840 — 1844. 


^3  "\ 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  1 29 

Pastors. 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 1844. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony 1844 — 1846. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Coffman 1848— 1852. 

Rev.  Simeon  Scherer 1852 — 1S55. 

Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose 1856 — 1S65. 

Rev.  N.  Aldrich 1865— 1867. 

Rev.  Simeon  Scherer)  .   .    .,  o,.        c_ 

>  lomtly 1807 — 1872. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Cone       J 

Rev.  J.  G.  Neiffer 1872— 1876. 

Rev.  T.  W.  Dosh,  D.  D 1876— 1877. 

Rev.  W.  J.  Smith 1S7S—  1SS3. 

Rev.  William  Stoudenmire 1884 — 1886. 

Rev.  C.  B.  King 18S6— 1896. 

Rev.  L.  E.  Busby,  D.  D 1896. 


St.  John's  Church,  located  in  Cabarrus  County,  N.  C, 
six  miles  east  from  Concord  and  three  miles  west  from  Mt. 
Pleasant.  The  exact  date  of  the  organization  of  the  congrega- 
tion is  not  known,  but  it  was,  no  doubt,  shortly  after  the  arrival 
of  the  first  German  emigrants  from  Pennsylvania,  in  1747. 

Its  first  house  of  worship  was  located  near  Buffalo  Creek,  about 
one  and  one-half  miles  north  from  Mt.  Pleasant  and  about  three 
miles  east  from  the  present  church.  It  was  a  rude  log-hut,  built  of 
unhewn  pine  logs,  and  was  without  floor,  windows,  or  chimney. 
Here  was  also  its  first  graveyard,  the  marks  of  graves  being  still 
visible.  The  house  was  built  and  owned  jointly  by  the  Lutherans 
and  German  Reformed. 

In  1894,  during  the  pastorship  of  Rev.  J.  Q.  Wertz,  a  beauti- 
ful monument  was  erected  to  mark  the  spot,  an  address  being 
delivered  by  Rev.  George  H.  Cox. 

The  second  house  of  worship  was  located  about  one-half  mile 
from  the  present  location,  on  the  land  now  belonging  to  Mr. 
Archie  Cline.  This  was  also  a  log-house  and  owned  jointly. 
Here  was  the  second  graveyard,  several  graves  being  yet  dis- 
tinctly visible.  We  do  not  know  when  this  house  was  erected, 
nor  how  long  it  was  used,  but  at  length,  in    1771,  a  peaceable 


130  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

separation  from  the  German  Reformed  was  agreed  upon,  this 
being  the  first  positive  date  preserved  in  the  history  of  the  con- 
gregation. Up  to  that  time  it  had  been  known  as  "Dutch  Buf- 
falo Creek  Church, "  but  from  then  until  now  as  "St.  John's 
Church,"  though  the  old  name  continued  to  cling  to.it  for  many 
years. 

The  third  house  of  worship  was  located  in  the  midst  of  what 
is  now  the  St.  John's  graveyard.  The  house  was  built  chiefly 
at  the  expense  of  one  member,  Captain  John  Paul  Barringer, 
and,  as  a  mark  of  appreciation,  the  congregation  had  a  large, 
elevated,  and  enclosed  pew  constructed  for  the  exclusive  use  of 
him  and  his  family. 

The  fourth  house  of  worship  was  built  upon  the  site  of  the 
third,  it  having  been  removed.  This  was  a  frame  building  and 
was  larger  and  better  than  any  that  had  preceded  it.  It  was 
begun  in  1784  and  was  dedicated  July  4th,  1785.  Being  painted 
red,  it  came  to  be  called  and  was  known,  as  long  as  it  stood,  as 
"  The  Old  Red  Meeting-house." 

The  fifth  (present)  house  of  worship  is  a  substantial  brick  struc- 
ture, 80  x  55.  Originally  it  had  a  gallery  and  side  doors,  after 
the  style  of  the  times.  It  was  erected  in  1845  an^  dedicated 
August  2  2d,  1846,  and  was  used  without  material  change  for 
about  forty-three  years.  Then,  in  1888,  the  interior  was  com- 
pletely remodeled,  making  it  a  modern  church,  with  vestibule, 
library,  infant  class-room,  and  council-room,  and  having  a  seat- 
ing capacity  of  six  hundred.  It  was  rededicated  February  10th, 
1889,  the  service  and  sermon  being  delivered  by  the  pastor. 
Rev.  S.  L.  Keller. 

Near  the  church  stands  the  parsonage.  It  is  a  neat  frame 
building,  two  stories  high,  containing  seven  rooms,  nicely  fin- 
ished and  partly  furnished,  having  all  necessary  conveniences 
and  comforts.  A  separate  building  stands  close  by,  erected  for 
the  pastor's  study. 

From  the  beginning  the  congregation  has  followed  the  true 
Lutheran  custom  of  having  the  school -house  alongside  of  the 
church.  At  first  one  house  served  for  both  church  and  school- 
house.     Then,  as  far  back  as  the  time  of  the  first  pastor,  Rev. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  131 

A.  Nussman,  a  separate  house  was  built,  in  which  the  teacher 
both  lived  and  taught. 

October  2  2d,  1782,  Jacob  Fegert,  Marx  Haus,  and  Jacob 
Thieme,  three  members  of  the  congregation,  entered  one  hun- 
dred acres  of  government  land,  in  trust,  for  the  congregation. 
The  same  being  that  on  which  the  church  property  now  stands. 
It  is  very  valuable  now  and  is  a  source  of  considerable  income 
to  the  congregation.  The  congregation  is  one  of  the  largest  in 
the  Synod,  numbering  at  the  present  three  hundred  and  eight 
members. 

Although  it  is  one  of  the  three  mother-churches  of  the  Synod 
and  has  the  honor  of  having  entertained  the  first  ecclesiastical 
meeting  ever  held  by  Lutherans  in  North  Carolina,  it  did  not 
participate  in  the  organization  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  nor 
become  an  integral  part  thereof  until  its  Fourth  Annual  Conven- 
tion, in  1806.  Since  then  it  has  taken  an  active  part  in  all  the 
work  of  the  Synod,  many  important  events  having  had  either 
birth  or  culmination  in  its  house. 

General  Barringer,  of  Revolutionary  fame,  as  well  as  many 
other  men  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  church,  county,  and  State, 
have  been  reared  spiritually  in  old  St.  John's.  The  graveyard 
is  one  of  the  largest  in  all  the  surrounding  country,  containing 
about  four  acres,  and  nearly  or  quite  four  thousand  graves. 
Here  lie  buried  the  remains  of  three  Lutheran  ministers,  Rev. 
Adolphus  Nussman,  Rev.  Jacob  W.  Barrier,  and  Rev.  William 
Artz. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Adolphus  Nussman 1 774 — 1794. 

Rev    C.  A.  G.  Storch 1796 — 1797. 

Rev.  Adam  N.  Markerd ' 1797 — 1800. 

Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch 1800 — 1821. 

Rev.  Daniel  Scherer 1821 — 1831. 

Rev.  Henry  Graeber 1832 — 1843. 

Rev.  John  D.  Scheck 1844 — 1857. 

Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D 1858— 1860. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony i860 — 1867. 

Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose 1867 — 1872. 

Rev.  D.  M.  Henkel,  D.  D 1872— 1S75. 

Rev.  R.  W.  Petrea 1876— 1887. 


I32  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  S.  L.  Keller 1887— 1890. 

Rev.  Peter  Miller 1890 — 1893. 

Rev.  J.  Q.  Wertz 1894— 1896. 

Rev.  S.  D.  Steffey 1896. 

The  aggregate  of  vacancies  since  1774,  when  the  congregation 
secured  its  first  pastor,  is  about  six  years. 


St.  Paul's  Church,  Rowan  County,  N.  C,  is  located  five 
miles  south  from  Salisbury.  It  was  originally  known  as  "  Hols- 
houser's  Church,"  so  named  because  the  land  was  given  by 
Andrew  Holshouser,  near  where  was  the  Holshouser  Mill,  now 
known  as  the  Heilig  Mill.  Mr.  Holshouser  was  a  member  of  the 
German  Reformed  Church,  and  the  congregation  was  a  union 
congregation.  It  was  organized  about  the  year  1835.  ^ne  nrst 
mention  of  it  is  in  the  Minutes  of  the  Synod  of  1837.  In  1866 
it  became  wholly  Lutheran,  the  German  Reformed  establishing 
what  is  now  known  as  "  Mt.  Hope  Church." 

The  present  house  of  worship,  which  is  the  second  building, 
is  a  fine  large  brick  structure.  It  was  dedicated  July  21st,  1872, 
by  Rev.  W.  Kimball,  who  was  then  pastor.  During  the  pas- 
torate of  Rev.  C.  A.  Rose  the  house  was  enlarged  and  re- 
modeled at  a  cost  of  $1600.00,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most 
complete  and  handsome  country  churches  in  the  Synod.  It  was 
rededicated  April  29th,  1894,  Rev.  George  H.  Cox,  D.D.,  preach- 
ing the  sermon.  The  seating  capacity  is  about  four  hundred  and 
fifty.      Number  of  members  two  hundred  and  eighty-five. 

The  congregation  has  an  interest  in  the  parsonage  at  Zeb,  four 
miles  northwest  from  Salisbury,  near  Bethel  Church,  with  which 
it  is  in  pastoral  relation. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,   D.  D 1835— 1843. 

Rev.  Benjamin  Arey 1843 — 1845. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr 1845 — 1855. 

Rev.  B.  C.   Hall 1855— 1859. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS. 


J33 


Pastors. 

Rev.  J.    L.  Smithdeal 1859 — 1860 

Rev.  W.   Kimball , 1S61— 1876 

Rev.  W.  H.  Cone 187S— 1SS0 

Rev.  B.  S.  Brown 1881— 18 

Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley 1882—18 

Rev.  C.  A.  Rose .' 1884— iS, , 

Rev.  V.  Y.  Boozer J899- 

Five  ministers  have  come  from  this  congregation,  viz.:  Revs. 
J.  H.  Fesperman,  C.  L.  T.  Fisher,  J.  H.  C.  Fisher,  C.  A. 
Brown,  and  W.  W.  J.  Ritchie. 


St.  Paul's  Church,  Iredell  County,  N.  C,  is  located  three 
miles  east  from  Statesville. 

The  congregation  was  organized  by  Rev.  Benjamin  Arey, 
and  was  admitted  to  Synod  in  1840. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  erected  about  one  mile  from 
the  present  location.  It  was  a  frame  building,  60  x  40,  and  was 
used  until  1885,  when  the  present  house  was  erected.  It  is  a 
neat  frame  building,  after  the  modern  style  of  architecture,  about 
60  x  30,  and  having  a  seating  capacity  of  three  hundred.  It  was 
dedicated  in  1S86  by  Rev.  H.  M.  Brown.  The  present  mem- 
bership is  thirty. 

In  the  graveyard  is  the  grave  of  Rev.  Caleb  Lentz. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Benjamin  Arey 1840 — 1846 

Rev.  W.  H.  Fink 1846— 1847 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony 1847 — 1849 

Rev.  B.  X.  Hopkins 1849 — 1852 

Rev.  W.  G.  Harter 1S52. 

Rev.  S.  Scherer 1852 — 1855 

Rev.  John  Swicegood 1855 — 1856 

Rev.  Paul  Kistler 1856 — 1857 

Rev.  W.  Gearhardt,  D.  U 1S57 — 1S59 

Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr 1S59 — 1S60 

Rev.  G.   Stingly 1S60— 1S61 

Rev.  J.  L.  Smithdeal 1863— 1S65 


34  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Pastors. 

Rev.    Paul  Kistler 1870. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Fesperman 1871 — 1874 

Rev.  W.   R.   Ketchie 1875 — 1879 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony 1880— 1882 

Rev.  H.  M.  Brown 1S82— 1887 

Rev.  W.   Kimball 1888— 1889 

Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker 1889— 1890 

Rev.  D.  W.  Michael 1891— 1894 

Rev.  G.  S.  Diven ^95 — 1896 

Rev.  B.  S.  Brown 1896 — 1899 

Rev.  R.  A.  Helms 1899. 

The  aggregate  of  vacancies  is  six  years. 


St.  Paul's  Church,  corner  of  Sixth  and  Market  Streets, 
Wilmington,  N.  C,  was  organized  by  a  committee  appointed  by 
the  North  Carolina  Synod,  consisting  of  Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr., 
and  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D.,  in  the  old  Presbyterian 
Church  that  used  to  stand  on  Front  Street,  on  May  31st,  1858. 

There  were  fifty-eight  members,  of  whom  the  following  were 
elected  as  the  first  council : 

Trustees — J.  G.  Bauman,  H.  B.  Eilers,  H.  Von  Glahn,  E. 
Schulken,  and  II.  Vollers. 

Elders — N.  Bremer  and  A.  Adrian. 

Deacons — W '.  Knohl  and  H.  Rehder. 

The  congregation  rented  the  "  Session  House ' '  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  where  they  worshiped  until  they  were  prepared 
to  go  into  their  own  property.  On  February  15th,  1859,  the 
lot  upon  which  the  church  now  stands  was  purchased,  and  the 
corner-stone  was  laid  September  6th  of  the  same  year.  In  i860 
the  church  was  under  roof,  and  in  1861  the  lecture-room  was  so 
far  completed  as  to  enable  them  to  hold  divine  service  and  Sun- 
day school  there.  By  this  time  the  war  between  the  States  was 
raging,  and,  in  consequence,  all  work  on  the  church  was  sus- 
pended. When  the  city  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  United  States 
troops    they  took  possession   of  the  church   and   destroyed    or 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  1 35 

mutilated  everything,  leaving  nothing  but  bare  walls  and  the 
roof,  thus  entailing  upon  the  congregation  increased  expense 
and  labor,  so  that  the  church  was  not  completed  until  1869,  anc^ 
dedicated,  August  22d,  1870,  by  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D., 
Rev.  C.  H.  Bernheim,  Rev.  L.  Muller,  and  Rev.  W.  A.  Julian. 

The  house  is  a  stucco-covered  brick  structure,  90  x  45  feet, 
with  a  steeple  125  feet  high,  inside  and  outside  most  beautifully 
finished,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  four  hundred. 

The  congregation  has  a  large  and  commodious  parsonage  on  a 
lot  adjoining  the  church  lot.  It  is  a  two-story  frame  building, 
with  all  modern  conveniences.  They  also  own  what  is  called 
the  "Luther  Memorial"  building,  for  Sunday  and  parochial 
schools.  It  was  first  erected  in  18S3,  and  opened  for  use  in 
1884.  January  12th,  1894,  it  was  destroyed  by  fire,  but  was  im- 
mediately replaced  by  a  more  elegant  building,  the  corner-stone 
being  laid  July  18th,  and  the  house  dedicated,  September  30th, 
1894.  In  this  building  the  congregation  maintains  a  regular 
parochial  school,  the  only  one  in  the  North  Carolina  Synod. 

The  congregation  numbers  three  hundred  and  fifty  members. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Mengert 1S59 — 1S62. 

Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D 1S70—  18S2. 

Rev.  F.  W.  E.  Peschau,  D.  D 1S82— 1S93. 

Rev.  Karl  Boldt 1893 — 1S97. 

Rev.  A.   G.  Voigt,  D.  D 1S98. 

The  aggregate  of  vacancies  during  the  existence  of  the  congre- 
gation has  been  nine  years  lacking  one  month. 


St.  Paul's  Church  in  the  city  of  Asheville  is  a  mission 
congregation,  under  the  control  of  the  Board  of  Missions  of  the 
United  Synod  in  the  South,  but  connected  with  the  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 


136  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

The  organization  was  effected  September  nth,  1892,  by  Rev. 
F.  W.  E.  Peschau,  D.  D. ,  with  twenty-five  names  enrolled.  There 
are  now  about  forty  members.  They  have  no  church  building,, 
but  worship  in  a  rented  hall.      The  mission  has  been  served  by 

Rev.  F.  W.  E.  Peschau,  D.  D 1892— 1894. 

Rev.  L.  E.  Busby 1894 — 1896. 

Rev.  C.  B.  King 1896— 1897. 

Rev.  C.  B.  Cox 1898 — 1900. 


St.  Paul's  Church,  Alamance  County,  N.  C,  is  located 
six  miles  from  Burlington,  on  the  old  Salisbury  and  Hillsboro 
Road. 

The  congregation  was  for  many  years  known  as  "Graves 
Church."  It  was  organized  about  the  year  1795,  probably  by 
Rev.  C.  E.  Bernhardt,  and  was  composed  of  Lutherans  and  Ger- 
man Reformed,  but  in  a  few  years,  about  1801,  it  became  wholly 
Lutheran,  and  no  doubt  was  one  of  the  congregations  that  par- 
ticipated in  the  organization  of  the  Synod  in  1803. 

Two  buildings  have  preceded  the  present  house  of  worship, 
which  is  a  neat  frame  edifice,  40  x  35.  It  was  erected  in  1893, 
and  comfortably  seats  about  three  hundred  persons.  The  present 
membership  is  sixty. 

The  congregation  owns  one-half  of  the  parsonage  at  Gibson- 
ville,  it  having  formerly  been  connected  in  a  pastorate  with  old 
Frieden's  Church.  It  is  now,  however,  a  part  of  the  Guil- 
ford pastorate. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  C.  E.  Bernhardt,  Rev.  S.  Rothrock, 

Rev.  Philip  Henkel,  Rev.  C.  H.  Bernheim, 

Rev.  Ludwig  Markert,  Rev.  W.  Kimball, 

Rev.  Jacob  Scherer,  Rev.  E.  P.  Parker, 

Rev.  William  Artz,  Rev.  C.  B.  Miller, 

Rev.  John  D.  Sheck,  Rev.  H.  M.  Brown. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  1 37 

St.  Peter's  (  Krauth  Memorial)  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  is  located  in  Rowan  County,  N.  C,  about  two  miles 
from  Rockwell,  on  the  Yadkin  Railroad. 

The  exact  date  of  the  first  organization  is  not  known,  but  it 
was  probably  between  1S25  and  1830.  The  congregation  be- 
longed exclusively  to  the  Tennessee  Synod. 

During  the  year  1S55,  Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr.,  and  Rev.  S.  Roth- 
rock,  D.  D. ,  held  services  with  the  congregation,  which  resulted 
in  the  organization  of  a  congregation  in  sympathy  with  the 
North  Carolina  Synod,  to  which  one-half  the  property  was 
ceded. 

In  1858  this  congregation  was  received  as  an  integral  part  of 
the  North  Carolina  Synod,  Rev.  S.  Rothrock  being  the  pastor. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  a  frame  building,  about  40  x  30, 
with  the  old-fashioned  gallery,  pulpit,  etc. 

While  under  the  pastorship  of  Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker,  April 
7th,  1883,  the  corner-stone  of  the  new  church  was  laid  and  the 
house  was  dedicated,  June  29th,  1884,  Rev.  J.  B.  Davis,  D.  D., 
preaching  the  sermon,  and  the  members  of  the  Conference,  there 
in  session,  participating  in  the  services.  It  is  a  neat  frame  build- 
ing, 60x40,  in  gothic  style,  and  neatly  finished  inside  and  out. 
Its  seating  capacity  is  about  three  hundred. 

The  congregation  is  now  all  one,  belonging  to  the  North 
Carolina  Synod,  but  when  the  change  took  place  is  not  definitely 
known.  Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr. ,  Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Jr.,  Rev.  H. 
A.  Trexler,  and  Hon.  L.  H.  Rothrock  are  children  of  this  con- 
gregation. The  present  membership  is  two  hundred  and  forty- 
six. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 1S55 — 186S 

Rev.  S.  Scherer 1S6S — 1870 

Rev.  W.  H.  Cone 1S71 — 1S77 

Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Jr 1S77— 18S0 

Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker 1SS1  — 1SS5 

Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler 1SS6— 1S92 

Rev.  W.  P.  Huddle 1893— 1S97 

Rev.  W.  B.  Oney 1897— 1S9S 

Rev.  E.  W.  Leslie 1809. 


138  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

St.  Matthew's  Church,  of  Rowan  County,  is  located 
eleven  miles  east  from  Salisbury,  on  the  Bringle  Ferry  Road. 
In  the  year  1838  twenty  young  persons  from  the  neighborhood 
went  to  Organ  Church  to  be  catechised  and  confirmed  by  Rev. 
Henry  Graeber,  and  then  were  organized  into  a  congregation 
by  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Arey.  John  Hartman,  Jacob  File,  An- 
drew Frick,  and  Peter  Klutz  constituted  the  first  council.  The 
congregation  worshiped  in  barns  and  private  dwelling-houses  for 
a  number  of  years,  until  the  first  house  of  worship  was  erected. 
It  was  a  frame  building,  nearly  square,  with  gallery  on  three 
sides,  and  stood  near  the  present  building,  in  what  is  now  the 
graveyard. 

The  first  child  baptized  in  the  congregation  was  Michael 
Bame,  son  of  Samuel  and  Anna  Bame.  The  baptism  was  ad- 
ministered by  Rev.  Benjamin  Arey,  in  a  barn,  on  April  16th, 
1838. 

The  present  church  house  was  erected  in  1882,  and  dedicated 
in  1884  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Davis,  D.  D.,  and  Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley. 
It  is  a  neat  frame  building,  60  x  40,  with  vestibule,  gallery,  two 
council-rooms,  tower  and  bell,  and  niche  in  rear  of  the  pulpit. 

The  parsonage  is  located  two  miles  from  the  church,  on  the 
Bringle  Ferry  Road.  It  is  a  two-story  frame  building,  contain- 
ing seven  rooms,  and  nicely  finished,  and  was  erected  in  1889. 
The  congregation  numbers  three  hundred  and  six  members. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Benjamin  Arey,  Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Jr., 

Rev.  J.  D.  Sheck,  Rev.  R.  L.  Brown, 

Rev.  William  Artz,  Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker, 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D.,  Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler, 

Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr.,  Rev.  W.  P.  Huddle, 

Rev.  W.  Kimball,  Rev.  W.  B.  Oney, 

Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose,  Rev.  E.  W.  Leslie. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Cone, 


St.  Matthew's  Church,  Wilmington,  N.  C,  is  located  in 
that  part  of  the  city  called  Brooklyn,  N.  Fourth  Street,  above  Bla- 
den.     In  the  year  1890  some  of  the  members  of  St.  Paul's  Evan- 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  1 39 

gelical  Lutheran  Church,  realizing  the  necessity  for  another 
Lutheran  Church  in  Wilmington,  took  the  first  step  toward  the 
desired  end  by  the  organization  of  a  Sunday  school,  in  a  rented 
hall,  on  Fourth  Street.  The  school  grew  so  rapidly  as  to  very 
soon  demand  larger  and  more  suitable  quarters.  A  lot  was  pur- 
chased and  the  work  of  building  begun  in  189 1.  In  the  follow- 
ing year,  1S92,  ten  members  of  St.  Paul's,  having  secured  letters 
of  honorable  dismission  for  the  purpose,  on  March  21st,  organ- 
ized the  congregation.  The  building  was  soon  completed.  It 
is  a  beautiful  chapel,  in  gothic  style,  55  x  30,  with  a  spire  70 
feet  high.      All  is  nicely  finished  and  in  churchly  order. 

The  congregation  also  owns  an  excellent  school-building,  ad- 
joining the  church.  It  was  originally  intended  for  a  parochial 
school,  but  is  now  rented  to  the  City  School  Board  for  the  use 
of  the  public  school. 

On  July  28th,  1895,  the  pastor  of  St.  Matthew's,  by  instruc- 
tions from  Synod,  organized  a  congregation  in  New  Bern.  Since 
then  the  few  members  who  were  there  have  united  with  St. 
Matthew's. 

The  pastor  of  St.  Paul's,  Rev.  F.  W.  E.  Peschau,  D.  D.,  served 
the  congregation  from  the  beginning  until  April  27th,  1892, 
when  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D.,  became  pastor,  and  served 
until  October  15th,  1899,  when,  on  account  of  the  infirmities  of 
age,  he  tendered  his  resignation.  On  November  5th,  1899,  the 
congregation  accepted  the  resignation  and  made  the  Doctor  pas- 
tor emeritus.  He  supplied  the  church  until  July  1901,  when 
the  Rev.  C.  W.  Kegley  became  the  pastor,  and  was  installed 
the  following  25th  of  August  by  the  President  of  Synod  and 
the  Rev.  R.  C.  Holland,  D.  D. 


St.  Matthew's  Church,  Davie  County,  N.  C,  was  organ- 
ized by  Rev.  Benjamin  Arey  in  1847. 

The  church  building  is  of  logs,  50  x  36,  and  was  erected  in 
1850,  and  dedicated   by  Rev.  H.  M.  Brown  in   1882.      During 


140 


HISTORY    OK    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


the  pastorship  of  Rev.  R.  L.  Brown  the  house  was  remodeled 
and  enlarged,  Rev.  Brown  presenting  the  bell.  It  will  seat 
comfortably  about  three  hundred.  The  present  membership  is- 
forty. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Benjamin  Arey 1840 — 1845 

Rev.  J.  Crim 1845 — 1861 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1861— 1866 

Rev.  W.  R.  Ketchie.. : 1866—1882 

Rev.  H.  M.  Brown 1882— 1886 

Rev.  R.   L.  Brown 1888— 1892 

Rev.  E.  P.  Parker 1892— 1893 

Rev.  H.  E.  H.  Sloop 1894— 1896 

Rev.  W.   Kimball 1896— 1898 

Rev.  B.  S.  Brown 1898 — 1899 

Rev.  R.  A.  Helms 1899. 


St.  Enoch's  Church  is  located  in  the  town  of  Enochville,. 
Rowan  County,  N.  C.  The  congregation  is  an  off-shoot  from 
Lutheran  Chapel  Church,  and  was  organized  at  Mr.  Philip  Over- 
cash's  residence,  in  August,  1835,  by  Rev.  P.  A.  Strobel. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  a  frame  building,  erected 
shortly  after  the  congregation  was  organized,  at  a  cost  of 
$1500.00.  It  was  dedicated  the  second  Sunday  in  September, 
1839,  by  Revs.  W.  Artz,  S.  Rothrock,  and  P.  A.  Strobel. 

The  present  building  is  a  fine  brick  structure,  70  x  50,  beauti- 
ful and  churchly  in  all  its  appointments.  It  was  erected  in 
1873,  at  a  cost  of  $7000.00.  It  is  calculated  to  comfortably 
seat  seven  hundred  persons.  .  The  dedication  services  were  held 
September  20th,  1874.  The  present  number  of  members  is  two 
hundred  and  ninety-four. 

This  congregation  has  produced  numbers  of  prominent  per- 
sons, among  whom  are  Mr.  W.  T.  H.  Plaster,  a  teacher  of  three 
generations  ;  Rev.  J.  W.  Rumple,  Rev.  T.  J.  Yost,  Revs.  W.  A. 
and  J.  L.  Deaton,  and  Rev.  B.  S.  Brown. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  141 

An  excellent  parsonage  stands  near  the  church,  containing 
eight  rooms  ;  a  two-room  study.  All  necessary  outbuildings, 
an  orchard,  garden,  and  two  or  three  acres  of  land.  All  of 
which  is  in  good  condition  and  belongs  to  the  pastorate,  consist- 
ing of  St.  Enoch's  and  Trinity  Churches. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  P.  A.  Strobel 1837— 1S41. 

Rev.  W.  G.  Harter 1841 — 1849. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Coffman 1849 — 1850. 

Rev.  B.  N.  Hopkins 1S50 — 1S52. 

Rev.  J.  S.    Heilig 1S52— 1S66. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Barrier 1S66— 1S67. 

Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser 1S68— 1873. 

Rev.  W.  A.  Julian 1874 — 1S79. 

Rev.  W.  A.   Lutz 1SS0— 1S91. 

Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley 1S92. 

The  longest  vacancy  in  sixty-five  years  was  seven  months. 
To  this  congregation  belongs  the  honor  of  inaugurating  the 
"  Church  Extension  Fund  "  of  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  which 
was  done  by  contributing  $75.00  in  cash  at  its  semi-centennial 
exercises,  in  August,  1SS7. 


St.  Stephen's  Church  is  located  in  Cabarrus  County,  N. 
C.j  two  and  a  half  miles  from  Cold  Hill,  on  the  Concord  Road. 

Early  in  1S37,  John  Peck,  John  Lentz,  Solomon  Nussman, 
Peter  Troutman,  Henry  I.  Barringer,  and  George  Culp  held  a 
meeting  in  the  school-house  and  decided  to  build  a  church  in 
the  neighborhood.  The  congregation  was  organized  on  Christ- 
mas Day,  1 S 3  7 ,  at  the  home  of  Mr.  John  Peck,  with  thirty-two 
members.  Four  of  these  were  German  Reformed,  and  the  rest 
were  Lutherans.  The  first  officers  were  :  Elders,  John  Lentz, 
Lutheran,  and  John  Peck,  German  Reformed  ;  Deacons,  Solo- 
mon Nussman,  Lutheran,  and  Charles  Barrier,  German  Reformed. 

One  month  later,  i.  c,  January  30th,  1838,  a  congregational 
meeting  was  held,  when  Elder  John  Peck  resigned  and  Henry 
Lentz,  a  Lutheran,  was  elected  in  his  place,  and  there  never  was 


142 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


another  German  Reformed  officer  elected  by  the  congregation, 
so  that  in  reality  St.  Stephen's  has  always  been  wholly  Lutheran. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  begun  before  the  congregation 
was  organized,  and  finished  shortly  after.  This  has  been  re- 
placed by  a  more  modern  building,  which  was  erected  in  1880 
and  dedicated  June  10th,  1883,  under  the  pastorship  of  Rev. 
W.  Kimball.  It  is  a  neat  frame  building,  60  x  40,  with  gallery 
in  one  end,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  four  hundred.  The 
present  membership  is  one  hundred  and  thirty-seven. 

In  the  year  1897  St.  Stephen's  and  Mt.  Olive's  erected  a 
roomy  and  comfortable  parsonage,  near  St.  Stephen's  Church, 
together  with  all  necessary  outbuildings. 


Pastors. 

Rev.  P.  A.  Strobel 1837— 

Rev.  S.   Rothrock,  D.  D 1S43— 

Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr    1855 — 

Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose 1864 — 

Rev.  R.  L.  Brown 1866— 

Rev.  W.  R.  Ketchie 1S73 — 

Rev.  P.  A.  Strobel 1874— 

Rev.  S.   Rothrock,  D.  D 1876— 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1880— 

Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser 1885— 

Rev.  George  H.  Cox 1888 — 

Rev.  J.  M.  Lingle 1894 — 

Rev.  P.  H.  E.  Derrick 1895— 

Rev.  G.  A.   Riser 1898— 

Rev.  W.  A.   Dutton 1900. 


843 

854 
863 
866 

873 

874 
875 
879 
883 
887 


897 


St.  Mark's  Church  is  located  in  the  town  of  China  Grove, 
Rowan  County,  N.  C. 

It  was  organized  in  1894,  by  Rev.  C.  A.  Marks,  and  was  com- 
posed of  members  of  the  Lutheran  Chapel  Church,  then  living 
in  the  town. 

Their  beautiful  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  the  same 
year.      By  the  year  1896  the  congregation  had  grown  so  as   to 


r 


ST.   MARK'S  EVANGELICAL    LUTHERAN    CHURCH   AND    PARSONAGE,   CHARLOTTE,   N.   C. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  1 43 

necessitate  the  enlargement  of  the  house.  It  is  an  excellent 
building,  and  both  beautiful  and  churchly  in  all  its  appoint- 
ments. 

The  present  membership  is  one  hundred  and  sixty. 

Pastors 

Rev.  C.  A.  Marks , 1894— 1896. 

Rev.  J.   Q.  Wertz 1896. 


St.  Mark's  Church,  Charlotte,  N.  C,  is  located  on  North 
Tryon  Street  of  that  city. 

The  congregation  was  organized  in  January,  1859,  by  Rev.  G. 
D.  Bernheim,  D.  D.  It  had  a  severe  struggle  for  existence  for 
several  years,  being  weak  in  numbers.  Gradually,  however,  it 
grew  and  prospered,  being  assisted  financially  by  Synod,  until 
during  the  pastorship  of  Rev.  T.  S.  Brown,  when  it  became  self- 
sustaining. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  a  neat  frame  building  at  the 
corner  of  College  and  Seventh  Streets,  and  was  purchased  from 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South. 

The  second  was  also  a  frame  structure  on  North  Tryon  Street, 
one  block  from  the  present  location. 

The  present  building  is  of  brick.  It  was  erected  in  1885,  and 
was  dedicated,  November  3d,  1885,  by  Rev.  T.  S.  Brown,  Rev. 
W.  S.  Bowman,  D.  D. ,  and  Rev.  E.  A.  Wingard,  D.  D.  It  has 
a  seating  capacity  for  four  hundred,  and  a  Sunday  school  room 
on  the  lower  floor.  It  is  elegantly  furnished  and  finished,  and 
is  the  most  beautiful  church  in  the  North  Carolina  Synod.  To 
Rev.  T.  S.  Brown,  Prof.  W.  A.  Barrier,  and  Messrs.  Jacob 
Duls,  S.  E.  Linton,  T.  L.  Seigle,  and  H.  L.  Klueppelberg  the 
credit  of  its  erection  and  completion  belongs.  Present  member- 
ship one  hundred  and  seventy-five. 

The  congregation  also  owns  an  elegant  parsonage.  The  first 
house  for  the  pastor  was  located  at  the  corner  of  Tenth  and  Pine 
Streets.      It  was  built  in  1893,  and  was  sold  in  1899. 


144  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Then  a  new  one  was  built  on  the  church  lot,  408  North  Tryon 
Street,  at  a  cost  of  $3000.00.  It  is  a  three-story  frame  build- 
ing, containing  eight  rooms,  with  all  modern  conveniences,  and 
is  probably  the  best  parsonage  in  the  Lutheran  Church  in  either 
of  the  Carolinas. 

Rev.  C.  L.  Brown,  missionary  in  Japan,  was  baptized  in  this 
church  in  1876,  and  Prof.  W.  A.  Barrier,  who  remembered  the 
United  Synod's  Theological  Seminary  in  his  will,  was  an  active 
member. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  A.  Phillipi 1859— 1860. 

Rev    G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D 1861— 1865. 

Rev.  N.  Aldrich , 1865— 1874. 

Rev.  E.  A.  Wingard,  D.  D 1876— 1882. 

Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker 1882. 

Rev.  T.  S.  Brown 1882 — 1891. 

Rev.  W.  S.  Bowman,  D.  D 1891— 1897. 

Rev.  C.  B.  King 1897— 1898. 

Rev.  R.  C.  Holland,  D.  D 1898. 


St.  Michael's  Church  is  located  in  the  town  of  Troutman, 
in  Iredell  County,  N.  C,  on  the  A.  T.  and  O.  R.  R.,  about 
six  miles  from  Statesville. 

The  congregation  was  organized  in  1815,  by  Rev.  R.  J. 
Miller,  and  was  admitted  to  Synod  in  October  of  the  same  year, 
under  the  name  of  "New  Pearth."  The  organization  was  ef- 
fected in  "Cambridge  Associate  Presbyterian  Church,"  about  two 
miles  south  from  the  present  location,  where  the  first  communion 
was  had  on  August  27th,  181 5.  The  congregation  continued  to 
worship  there  until  about  the  year  1823,  when  a  Mr.  Daniel 
Walcher  donated  land  for  a  church  site  about  one  and  one- 
quarter  miles  southwest  from  where  Troutman' s  now  is.  The 
land  was  given  to  the  Lutherans  and  Episcopalians  jointly,  and 
upon  it  they  erected  a  union  house  of  worship,  made  of  logs, 
about  36  x  25.  For  several  years  both  denominations  worshiped 
in  this  house,  then  the  Episcopalians  voluntarily  withdrew  and 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  1 45 

erected  a  church  of  their  own  a  few  miles  distant.  The  date  of 
this  movement  is  not  known,  but  persons  who  have  been  reared 
in  the  neighborhood,  and  who  are  now  fifty  years  old,  have 
never  heard  an  Episcopal  clergyman  preach  there. 

About  the  year  1850  the  house  was  considerably  enlarged 
and  improved,  and  the  congregation  continued  to  worship  in  it 
until  it  had  erected  the  present  building.  The  corner-stone  was 
laid  August  19th,  1886,  and  the  dedicatory  services  were  held 
August  14th,  1892,  by  the  pastor,  Rev.  D.  W.  Michael,  assisted 
by  Rev.  Prof.  J.  D.  Shirey,  D.  D.  It  is  a  handsome  frame 
building,  60  x  36,  with  recess,  council-rooms,  etc. 

A  comfortable  and  convenient  parsonage  belongs  to  the  con- 
gregation. It  is  a  two-story,  eight-room,  frame  building,  with 
usual  conveniences,  located  in  the  town  near  the  church. 

Rev.  Simeon  W.  Harkey,  D.  D.,  and  his  brothers  were  born 
and  reared  in  this  congregation. 

The  congregation,  in  the  past,  has  been  very  strong;  the 
present  membership  is  two  hundred  and  twelve. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  R.  J.  Miller 1S15— 1821. 

Rev.  John  Reck 1825 — 1830. 

Rev.  J.  T.  Tabler 1832. 

Rev.  Benjamin  Arey !§37 — 1853. 

Rev,  Paul  Kistler 1856— 1858. 

Rev.  James  D.  Stingley 1S60 — 1862. 

Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D 1862— 1865. 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 186S— 1870. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Fesperman 1S71 — 1877. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony 1878— 1S80. 

Rev.  H.  M.  Brown 1S82— 1887. 

Rev.  W.  Kimball 1SS8. 

Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker 18S9—  1S91. 

Rev.  D.  W.  Michael 1S91 — 1894. 

Rev.  George  S.  Diven 1S95. 

Rev.  B.  S.  Brown 1896— 1899. 

Rev.  R.  A.  Helms 1899 — 1900. 

A  remarkable  thing  in  this  congregation  is  that  during  its 
•existence,  eighty-eight  years,  its  aggregate  of  vacancies  has  been 
nineteen  years. 


146  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

St.  James'  Church  is  located  in  the  town  of  Concord,. 
Cabarrus  County,  N.  C.  The  original  members  were  nearly  all 
from  Coldwater  congregation.  The  exact  date  of  the  organiza- 
tion is  not  known,  but  was,  probably,  about  1841  or  1842,  and 
was  effected  by  Rev.  W.  G.  Harter,  who  was  the  first  pastor. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  built  on  what  is  now  called 
Mt.  Pleasant  Street.  It  was  a  large  frame  building,  well  fin- 
ished, and  was  dedicated  April  6th,  1843,  tne  sermon  being  de- 
livered by  Rev.  Henry  Graeber.  The  building  still  stands  and 
is  used  by  the  town  for  a  high  school. 

The  second  and  present  house  of  worship  is  a  large  brick 
structure,  standing  at  the  corner  of  Union  and  Corbin  Streets. 
It  was  erected  in  1882,  and  was  dedicated  May  10th,  1891,  by 
the  pastor,  Rev.  W.  G.  Campbell,  assisted  by  Rev.  S.  T.  Hall- 
man,  D.  D.,  Rev.  J.  M.  Hedrick  preaching  the  sermon.  It  is 
modern  in  all  its  appointments,  having  a  corner  tower  112  feet 
high,  a  lecture-room  and  an  infant  class-room  in  the  basement, 
and  a  pipe-organ  in  the  auditorium.  Its  seating  capacity  is- 
something  over  five  hundred. 

The  congregation  also  owns  an  excellent  parsonage,  standing 
on  an  adjoining  lot  to  the  church,  on  Corbin  Street.  It  is  a  sub- 
stantial brick  building,  containing  seven  rooms  and  all  modern 
conveniences.  The  present  membership  is  two  hundred  and 
ninety-five. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  W.  G.    Harter 1842 — 1853 

Rev.  D.  I.  Dreher 1854— 1869 

Rev.  C.  H.  Bernheim 1872 — 1873 

Rev.  W.  W.  Bowers 1874  (died  in  office) 

Rev.  J.  H.  Harry 1874 — 1875 

Rev.  L.  A.  Bikle,  D.  D 1876— 1880 

Rev.  S.  T.  Hallman,  D.  D 1880— 1883 

.  Rev.  W.  G.  Campbell 1886— 1893 

Rev.  M.  G.  G.  Scherer 1893— 1896 

Rev.  C.  B.  Miller 1896— 1901 

Rev.  W.  H.  Hiller 1902. 

The  aggregate  of  vacancies  is  about  three  years. 


ST.  JAMES'   EVANGELICAL    LUTHERAN    CHURCH,  CONCORD,  N.  C 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  1 47 

St.  Andrew's  Church  is  located  at  the  corner  of  West 
Depot  and  Valley  Streets,  Concord,  N.  C.  It  was  a  colony  of 
Lutherans  from  different  congregations  attracted  to  Concord  by 
work  found  in  the  cotton  mills,  and  was  organized  September 
ioth,  1893,  by  Rev.  George  H.-  Cox,  D.  D.,  then  President  of  the 
Synod. 

The  church  house  is  a  neat  frame  structure,  46  x  32,  built  in 
gothic  style.  It  was  erected  in  1889  and  1890,  the  work  being 
carried  on  by  the  St.  James'  congregation  and  superintended  by 
its  pastor,  the  Rev.  W.  G.  Campbell.  It  was  dedicated  Novem- 
ber 7th,  1897,  by  Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley,  the  President  of  Synod, 
assisted  by  the  pastor,  Rev.  H.  A.  McCullough,  and  Revs.  J.  Q. 
Wertz  and  C.  B.  Miller.  The  congregation  numbers  eighty- 
nine  members.  It  has  received  considerable  aid  from  Synod 
and  is  not  yet  self-sustaining. 

In  1899  a  parsonage  was  erected  by  the  pastorate,  and  was 
located  on  the  corner  of  West  Depot  and  Walter  Streets.  It 
was  a  neat  cottage,  containing  ten  rooms.  It  was  destroyed  by 
fire  September  21st,  1900,  but  was  immediately  rebuilt  by  St. 
Andrew's  congregation  alone. 

The  congregation  was  supplied  by  Rev.  W.  G.  Campbell  and 
other  near-by  pastors  until  November,  1894,  then  the  following 
served  as 

Pastors. 

Rev.  J.  D.  Shealey 1S94— 1895. 

Rev.  H.  A.  McCullough 1S95— 1898. 

Rev.  W.  B.  Oney -1898—1900. 

Rev.  C.  A.  Brown 1900 — 1901. 


St.  Luke's  Church  is  located  fourteen  miles  west  from  Salis- 
bury, on  the  Sherill's  Ford  Road.  The  congregation  was  or- 
ganized in  1870,  by  Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D. 

The  corner-stone  of  the  church  building  was  laid  in  April, 
187 1,  and  the  edifice  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  May,  1872, 
by  Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D.,  and  Rev.  J.  G.  Neiffer.    It  is  a  large 


148  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

brick  structure,  60  x  40,  with  gothic  windows  and  an  inclined 
floor,  and  with  a  seating  capacity  of  four  hundred  and  fifty. 

The  congregation  also  has  an  excellent  parsonage,  located 
about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  west  from  the  church,  and  built  in 
1879.  It  is  a  two-story  house,  with  an  L,  containing  six  rooms, 
and  has  attached  a  well  of  good  water,  stable,  garden,  orchard, 
and  six  acres  of  land.     There  are  eighty  members. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  S.    Rothrock,  D.  D 1869— 1875. 

Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley 1876— 1882. 

Rev.  J.  D.  Shirey,  D.  D 1882— 1889. 

Rev.  H.  C.  Haithcox,  D.  D 1890. 

Rev.  B.  W.  Cronk 1891— 1894. 

Rev.  H.  W.  Jeffcoat !894 — 1900. 

Rev.  B.  S.  Brown 1900. 

During  this  time  the  congregation  has  been  vacant  in  the  ag- 
gregate of  four  years. 


St.  Luke's  Church,  Tyro,  Davidson  County,  eight  miles 
West  from  Lexington,  was  first  known  as  "  Swicegood's  Meeting- 
house," and  afterward  as  "  Sandy  Creek. "  It  is  one  of  the 
oldest  congregations,  and,  in  all  probability,  took  part  in  the 
organization  of  the  Synod  in  1803.  Just  when  it  was  organized 
we  do  not  know,  as  no  records  can  be  found. 

Rev.  Christopher  Eberhardt  Bernhardt  came  from  Germany 
to  North  Carolina  in  1787  and  Rev.  A.  Roschen  in  1788,  and 
labored  in  that  part  of  Rowan  County  lying  east  of  the  Yadkin 
River,  now  known  as  Davidson  County,  and  in  1800  the  Rev. 
Paul  Henkel  came  from  Virginia  and  labored  in  the  same  field, 
Rev.  Bernhardt  having  removed  to  other  parts.  The  prob- 
ability is  that  one  of  them  organized  the  congregation  some- 
where between  1787  and  1800.  The  original  members  of  the 
congregation  were  what  have  since  been  called  "  Pennsylvania 
Germans,"  who  settled  in  that  neighborhood  as  early  as  1764. 

The  congregation  is  now  worshiping  in  its  fourth  church 
building,  all  of  which  have  stood  upon  the  same  ground. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  149 

The  first  was  a  rude  log-house,  24  x  20,  which  was  destroyed 
by  fire. 

The  second  was  a  reproduction  of  the  first. 

The  third  was  a  frame  building  of  the  same  size. 

The  fourth  and  present  house  is  a  neat  frame  building,  58  x 
35,  with  gallery,  annex,  and  two  council-rooms,  and  having  a 
seating  capacity  of  four  hundred  and  fifty.  It  was  erected  in 
1 86 1,  and  dedicated  the  same  year  by  Rev.  W.  A.  Julian. 

A  commodious  two-story  parsonage  stands  near  the  church, 
which  was  built  in  1854,  and  which  is  deeded  to  the  Trustees  of 
the  pastorate.  The  present  membership  is  one  hundred  and 
eighty. 

We  are  not  sure  that  we  have  the  full  list  of  pastors,  but,  so 
far  as  known,  the  following  have  served  at  different  times  and 
for  different  periods  : 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Paul  Henkel,  Rev.  W.  A.  Julian, 

Rev.  G.  Shober,  Rev.  W.  H.  Cone, 

Rev.  L.  Markert,  Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser, 

Rev.  Jacob  Scherer,  Rev.  J.  D.  Bowles, 

Rev.  Jacob  Miller,  Rev.  C.  H.  Bernheim, 

Rev.  D.  P.  Rosenmiller,  Rev.  P.  E.  Zink, 

Rev.  John  Tabler,  Rev.  R.  W.  Petrea, 

Rev.  Daniel  Jenkins,  Rev.  J.  M.  Hedrick, 

Rev.  Benjamin  Arey,  Rev.  D.  W.  Michael, 

Rev.  Jacob  Crim,  Rev.  \V.  Kimball, 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony,  Rev.  T.  H.  Strohecker, 
Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose, 

and  the  present  pastor,  Rev.  P.  J.  Wade,  who  took  charge  in  1898. 


Shiloh  Church  is  located  twelve  miles  west  from  Winston, 
N.  C,  in  Forsythe  County,  and  constitutes  a  part  of  the  Forsythe 
Mission.  It  is  unknown  when  the  congregation  was  first  organized, 
but  there  are  traditions  reaching  back  to  a  very  early  date.  It  is 
supposed  to  have  been  a  union  congregation  with  the  Moravians, 
as  some  of  the  pastors  of  that  church  preached  there.      It  is  now 


150  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

entirely  Lutheran,  but  when  the  separation  was  effected  is  not 
known. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  erected  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  from  the  present  site.  It  was  an  old-time  log-house, 
30  x  20,  with  the  old-fashioned  galleries. 

The  present  house  is  a  brick  structure,  46  x  32.  It  was  erected 
in  1880  to  1882,  and  was  dedicated  by  the  members  of  the 
Northern  Conference  in  October,  1884.  Its  seating  capacity  is 
three  hundred.      The  number  of  members  is  forty-two. 

The  Forsythe  Mission  has  an  excellent  parsonage  located  near 
Rural  Hall.  It  was  erected  in  1895,  in  the  place  of  the  old 
parsonage  that  stood  near  Nazareth  Church,  twelve  miles  north- 
east from  Shiloh. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  Paul  Henkel,  Rev.  E.  P.  Parker, 

Rev.  John  Swicegood,  Rev.  W.  R.  Ketchie, 

Rev.  W.  Kimball,  Rev.  H.  M.  Brown, 

Rev.  J.  R.  Sikes,  Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler, 

Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz,  Rev.  R.  L.  Bame. 


Salem  Church  is  located  on  the  Beattie's  Ford  Road,  seven 
miles  west  from  Salisbury. 

There  were  twenty-two  persons  living  in  that  neighborhood, 
who  were  members  of  Organ  Church,  situated  seventeen  miles 
away.  Becoming  wearied  with  the  long  journey  to  and  from 
their  church,  at  their  request,  in  1850,  the  Rev.  B.  N.  Hopkins 
organized  them  into  a  congregation  under  the  name  of  Salem 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church. 

For  some  reason,  not  now  known,  the  congregation  did  not 
make  application  for  and  was  not  admitted  to  Synod  until  1854  ; 
since  then  it  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  all  the  work  of 
the  Synod. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  erected  in  1850.  It  was  a 
frame  structure,  50  x  35,  with  a  gallery  at  the  back  end. 

In  1882   the  present  building  was  erected.      It  is  a  churchly 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS. 


I51 


structure,  50  x  36,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  four  hundred,  and  is 
free  from  debt.  It  was  dedicated  November  25th,  1883,  by 
the  pastor,  Rev.  J.  D.  Shirey,  D.  D.,  assisted  by  Rev.  W.  A. 
Lutz,  who  preached  the  dedicatory  sermon. 

Mr.  John  Barger  donated  thirty  acres  of  land  when  the  con- 
gregation was  first  organized.  Upon  this  tract  the  church  stands, 
as  also  an  excellent  parsonage  erected  during  the  pastorship  of 
Rev.V.  Y.  Boozer,  in  1894.  It  is  a  two-story  frame  building,  con- 
taining six  rooms,  nicely  finished,  and  with  all  things  arranged 
for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  pastor.  It  belongs  to 
the  Salem  pastorate. 

The  present  membership  is  one  hundred  and  thirty-five.  The 
congregation  has  had  but  few  and  short  vacancies. 


Pastors. 

Rev.  B.  N.  Hopkins 1850 — 1 

Rev.  J.  S.  Heilig 1854— 1 

Rev.  Jacob  Crim 1859 — 1 

Rev.  S.  Scherer 1S62 — 1 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D 1868— 1 

Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley 1875 — 1 

Rev.  J.  D.  Shirey,  D.  D 1882— 1 

Rev.  H.  C.  Haithcox,  D.  D 1889— 1 

Rev.  B.  W.   Cronk 1890 — 1 

Rev.  V.  Y.  Boozer 1S94 — 1 

Rev.  H.  N.  Miller,  Ph.  D 1895— 1 

Rev.  H.  A.  Trexler 1897 


854 
859 
862 
868 
875 


S90 
894 

895 
897 


Trinity    Church   is   located   in    Cabarrus    County,    N.   C, 
miles  from  Concord. 


The  congregation  originally  came  out  from  old  St.  John's 
Church,  and  was  organized  by  Rev.  J.  S.  Heilig,  in  1857. 

The  first  house  of  worship  was  a  frame  building,  40  x  30, 
erected  the  same  year  of  the  organization. 

The  present  house  is  a  brick  structure,  60  x  40,  with  a  seating 
capacity  of  four  hundred,  and  cost  $3000.00.  It  was  erected  in 
1897,  and  was  dedicated  on  the  second  Sunday  in  November,  1897. 


152  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

The  sermon  was  delivered  by  Rev.  M.  G.  G.  Scherer.  Rev.  J. 
Q.  Wertz  and  Rev.  H.  N.  Miller,  Ph.  D.,  assisted  Pastor  Stickley 
in  the  dedicatory  exercises. 

The  congregation  owns  an  interest  in  the  parsonage  at  Enoch- 
ville,  N.  C.     The  present  membership  is  seventy-four. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  J.  S.  Heilig 1857— 1866 

Rev.  J.  W.  Barrier 1866— 1867 

Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser 1868— 1873 

Rev.  W.  A.  Julian 1874 — 1879 

Rev.  W.  A.  Lutz 1880— 1891 

Rev.  V.  R.  Stickley 1892. 


Union  Church,  originally  known  as  "Pine"  Church,  is 
located  in  Rowan  County,  N.  C,  five  miles  southeast  from  Salis- 
bury. 

There  are  no  records  to  show  when  the  congregation  was  first 
organized,  but,  judging  from  other  historical  facts  and  dates 
that  are  recorded,  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  congrega- 
tion was  organized  by  Rev.  J.  G.  Arends  in  the  year  1784,  and 
was  one  of  the  congregations  that  participated  in  the  organization 
of  the  Synod  in  1803. 

Of  the  first  house  of  worship  very  little  is  known,  except  that 
it  was  built  of  pine  logs,  and  hence  called  the  "Pine  Meeting- 
house." 

The  present  building  is  of  brick,  60  x  40,  with  gallery  in  one 
end,  and  with  a  seating  capacity  of  about  four  hundred.  It  was. 
erected  in  1878  and  1879,  during  the  pastorship  of  Rev.  R.  L. 
Brown,  and  was  dedicated  on  the  first  Sunday  in  December, 
1879,  the  President  of  Synod,  Rev.  L.  A.  Bikle,  D.  D.,  preach- 
ing the  sermon. 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D. ,  lies  buried  in  the  graveyard  near 
the  church. 


SKETCHES    OF    CONGREGATIONS.  I  53 

The  congregation  owns  a  nice  parsonage,  two-stories  high, 
with  an  L,  containing  six  rooms.  There  are  also  necessary  out- 
buildings, and  several  acres  of  land.  The  membership  is  now 
two  hundred  and  sixty-eight. 

Pastors. 

Rev.  J.  G.  Arends,  Rev.  W.  H.  Cone, 

Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch,  Rev.  A.  U.  L.  Moser, 

Rev.  Daniel  Jenkins,  Rev.  R.  L.  Brown, 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock,  D.  D.,  Rev.  J.  M.  Hedrick, 

Rev.  William  Artz,  Rev.  J.  W.  Strickler, 

Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony,  Rev.  J.  Q.  Wertz, 

Rev.  L.  C.  Groseclose,  Rev.  C.  A.  Brown, 

Rev.  S.  Scherer,  Rev.  J.  P.  Miller. 


Zion  Church  is  located  fourteen  miles  south  from  Greens- 
boro, in  Guilford  County,  N.  C.  It  was  organized  about  the 
year  1812,  by  Rev.  Jacob  Scherer,  and  was  composed  of  members 
transferred  from  Lau's  Church,  with  which  it  has  always  been 
in  pastorate  relation.  At  first  it  was  a  union  church,  composed 
of  Lutherans  and  German  Reformed.  In  1820,  when  the  Ten- 
nessee Synod  was  organized,  a  part  of  the  Lutherans  united  with 
that  Synod,  and  from  then  until  1845  there  were  three  congre- 
gations worshiping  in  one  house.  Then  it  became  wholly 
Lutheran,  and  remains  so  to  this  day,  although  two  congregations 
are  jointly  owning  the  property. 

The  congregation  belonging  to  the  North  Carolina  Synod  now 
numbers  twenty-eight  members.  The  Tennessee  congregation 
has  always  been  numerically  the  stronger. 

The  first  house  of  worship  erected  when  the  congregation  was 
first  organized  was  a  log-house,  with  end  and  side  galleries. 

The  present  building  is  a  pretty  frame  structure,  erected  in 
1856,  and  is  50  x  40,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  about  four  hun- 
dred. 


J54 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


Pastors. 


Rev.  Jacob  Scherer, 
Rev.  William  Artz, 
Rev.  John  Swicegood, 
Rev.  Simeon  Scherer, 
Rev.  B.  C.  Hall, 


Rev.  William  A.   Julian, 
Rev.  E.  P.  Parker, 
Rev.  A.  D.  L.  Moser, 
Rev.  B.  W.  Cronk, 
Rev.  H.  M.  Brown. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

NOTEWORTHY    TRANSACTIONS    OF    SYNOD. 

1803  Monday,  May  2d,  the  first  conference  or  convention  to 
organize  the  Synod  of  North  Carolina  met  in  Salisbury, 
N.  C.  The  Sunday  previous  several  of  the  ministers 
preached  in  Pine  Church,  now  Union  Church,  where  the 
Holy  Supper  was  administered  to  many  communicants. 
The  ministers  present  at  this  convention  were  : 

1.  Rev.  Johann  Gottfried  Arends,  of  Lincoln  County. 

2.  Rev.  Robert  J.  Miller,  English  Lutheran  preacher, 
of  the  same  county. 

3.  Rev.  Carl  August  Gottlieb  Storch,  near  Salisbury. 

4.  Rev.  Paul  Henkel,  from  Abbot's  Creek,  Rowan 
County. 

It  was  resolved  that  Pastor  Paul  Henkel  should  visit 
Rev.  Arends'  congregation  next  August,  and  perform  the 
necessary  Ministerial  Acts,  because  Pastor  Arends'  want 
of  sight  and  other  bodily  infirmities  disabled  him  from 
attending  to  them.      This  was  accordingly  done. 

1803  Monday,  October  17th,  the  North  Carolina  Synod  re- 
assembled with  the  above-mentioned  ministers  and  Philip 
Henkel  as  Catechist.  Place  of  meeting,  Lincolnton,  N.  C. 
At  this  meeting  the  first  Constitution  was  adopted. 

1804  Very  little  business  was  transacted  at  this  meeting  of 
the  Synod,  because  most  all  the  ministers  were  incapaci- 
tated on  account  of  the  prevailing  fever. 

1810  Protracted  meetings  were  recommended,  to  last  three 
days,  to  which  Moravian  and  Reformed  ministers  should 
be  welcomed  to  assist ;  this  was  resolved  on  motion  of 
Rev.  Philip  Henkel.  At  this  meeting,  Rev.  Gottlieb 
Schober,  of  the  Moravian  Church,  was  ordained  as  a 
Lutheran  minister. 

(J55) 


T56  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

1811  The  Minutes  contain  the  "  Extract  of  the  Journal  of  Rev. 
Robert  Johnson  Miller,  the  First  Missionary  of  the  Lu- 
theran Church  in  North  Carolina." 

The  Minutes  were  printed  for  the  first  time  in  the 
English  language,  and  contain  ' '  A  Proposed  Constitu- 
tion for  an  Orphan  School  in  the  United  States,  Consti- 
tuted by  the  Synod  of  the  Lutheran  Ministry  of  North 
Carolina,"  containing  ten  articles.  Also  an  order  of 
service  for  the  burial  of  the  dead. 

1813  The  Minutes  of  this  meeting  are  lengthy,  52  pages.  They 
contain  the  missionary  journals  of  Revs.  R.  J.  Miller 
and  Jacob  Scherer  ;  besides  extracts  of  sermons,  and  ac- 
counts of  remarkable  occurrences,  furnished  by  Rev. 
Miller. 

1 814  An  Appendix  to  the  Minutes  contains  the  correspondence 
of  Revs.  Storch  and  Schober  with  Bishop  Von  Vleck,  of 
the  Moravian  Church,  for  a  supply  of  ministers,  which 
was  fruitless,  as  the  Bishop  laments  that  the  want  of  min- 
isters is  also  great  in  his  own  Church. 

1815  The  Synod  ordered  a  special  conference  to  be  held  in 
Bethel  Church,  Lexington  District,  S.  C,  by  Revs. 
Storch,  Miller,  and  Schober,  and  the  Lutheran  ministers 
in  the  vicinity,  to  adjust  certain  difficulties  and  misun- 
derstandings of  the  rules  of  Synod.  This  conference 
was  held  and  the  best  results  followed.  Their  report  was 
submitted  at  the  next  meeting  of  Synod. 

1816  Trouble  arose  in  Synod,  from  Lincoln  County,  N.  C, 
about  the  ordination  question,  that  licensed  candidates 
should  not  perform  Ministerial  Acts  without  having  been 
first  ordained.  But  the  Synod  resolved  that  it  would  not 
act  differently  from  the  Pennsylvania  Ministerium,  that  a 
licentiate  could  with  good  conscience  perform  all  minis- 
terial duties. 

1817  A  letter  was  read  from  Rev.  John  Bachman,  D.  D. ,  of 
Charleston,  S.  C,  in  which  he  expressed  the  desire  that  a 
theological  seminary,  to  educate  ministers,  would  be  estab- 
lished ;  that  his  congregation  Avould  cheerfully  contribute 


NOTEWORTHY    TRANSACTIONS    OF    SYNOD.  1 57 

toward  this  object.  That  he  regrets  not  being  able  to 
attend  this  Synod,  though  he  belongs  to  the  New  York 
Ministerium,  because  of  the  season  of  the  year  in  which 
the  North  Carolina  Synod  is  held. 

It  was  also  ordered  that  the  book,  "  Luther,"  be  pub- 
lished in  the  English  language,  and  that  the  English 
minutes  be  published  in  the  same. 

1819  Time  of  meeting  changed  from  Trinity  Sunday  to  second 
Sunday  after  Easter  ;  this  was  done  to  elect  and  send 
deputies  to  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsylvania,  held  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  on  Trinity  Sunday,  for  the  purpose  of 
forming  a  general  union  of  all  Lutheran  Synods,  which 
resulted,  a  year  later,  in  the  organization  of  the  General 
Synod. 

This  change  of  time  became  the  beginning  of  the 
division  in  the  North  Carolina  Synod,  and  occurred  at 
St.  John's  Church,  Cabarrus  County,  then  called  Buffalo 
Creek  Church. 

1820  Repeated  and  earnest  efforts  were  made  at  this  Synod  to 
heal  the  breach  made  in  the  Synod  last  year,  but  without 
success,  so  the  following  fall  the  seceding  party  organized 
the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Tennessee  Synod. 

1821  Rev.  R.  J.  Miller  took  his  departure  from  Synod  to  unite 
with  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  Rev.  J.  E.  Bell  reported 
by  letter  that  he  had  united  himself  with  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 

1824  A  letter  from  South  Carolina  was  read,  informing  the 
Synod  that  the  ministers  in  that  State  had  taken  steps  to 
form  their  own  Synod,  but  desiring  to  labor  in  har- 
mony with  this  body,  which  feeling  was  reciprocated, 
and,  in  1825,  a  delegate  was  appointed  to  visit  said 
Synod. 

1827  First  settled  pastor  sent  to  Illinois — the  Rev.  John  C.  A. 
Schoenberg. 

1828  "  The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Missionary  Society  for  North 
Carolina  and  Adjacent  States"  was  organized. 

1831      March    27th,  the  Rev.  C.  A.  G.  Storch,    Senior  of   this 


158  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Ministerium,  departed  this  life,  of  which  the  Synod  made 
honorable  and  affectionate  mention. 
1832     The  second  and  very  lengthy  Constitution  adopted. 

1834  The  congregation  at  Hillsboro,  111.,  organized  by  Rev. 
Daniel  Scherer,  was  received  in  connection  with  the 
North  Carolina  Synod. 

1835  Messrs.  Charles  Fisher,  Emanuel  Shober,  Daniel  M.  Bar- 
ringer,  Colonel  John  Smith,  and  Rev.  Daniel  Jenkins 
were  appointed  a  committee  to  formulate  a  plan  for  a 
manual  labor  school,  in  the  bounds  of  Synod,  and  to  re- 
ceive bids  for  its  location,  which,  however,  resulted  fruit- 
lessly, doubtless  owing  to  the  overture  made  by  the  Synod 
of  South  Carolina  the  next  year  (  1836),  when  Rev.  E.  L. 

1836  Hazelius,  D.  D.,  and  Mr.  Henry  Muller  were  sent  as  com- 
missioners to  induce  this  Synod  to  make  the  classical  and 
theological  institution  at  Lexington,  S.  C,  also  our  insti- 
tution of  learning.  The  liberal  offer  of  the  South  Caro- 
lina Synod  was  accepted,  and  this  relationship  continued 
until  the  establishment  of  North  Carolina  College. 

1840  The  third  Constitution  of  Synod  adopted,  and  printed 
in  the  Minutes,  as  formerly. 

1841  "  The  Secretary  brought  to  the  notice  of  Synod  the  con- 
dition of  the  lands  bequeathed  to  the  Directors  of  the 
Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  amounting  to  two  thousand 
acres  or  more,  by  our  late  venerable  Father  Shober,  stat- 
ing that  during  an  interview  lately  had  with  E.  Shober, 
Esq.,  executor,  he  (E.  Shober)  stated  that  he  had  written 
to  the  President  of  the  General  Synod,  and  to  the  Direc- 
tors of  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  request- 
ing them  to  appoint  an  agent  to  dispose  of  the  lands,  to 
prevent  intrusion,  etc.;  and  that  all  his  communications 
thus  addressed  had  been  treated  with  neglect.  He  also 
informed  the  Secretary  that,  since  the  death  of  his  father, 
he  had  regularly  paid  the  taxes  on  said  lands,  but  that  he 
could  do  so  no  longer.      Whereupon,  it  was 

"Resolved,   That  the    President  correspond  with  the 
Directors   of   the   Theological   Seminary  at  Gettysburg,, 


NOTEWORTHY    TRANSACTIONS    OF    SYNOD.  1 59 

relative  to  the  lands  bequeathed  to  that  institution  by  our 
venerable  Father  Shober,  deceased,  with  a  view  that  they 
may  not  be  lost  to  the  Church." 

1842  The  President  of  Synod  reported  that  he  had  addressed 
"a  letter  to  the  Board,  and  received  an  answer  from 
their  Secretary,  Rev.  John  X.  Hoffman,  in  which  he 
assures  us  that  due  attention  shall  be  paid  to  the  subject, 
and  that  every  effort  will  be  made  to  secure  the  bequest 
of  Father  Shober. ' ' 

Later  on  the  Synod  was  informed  that  Rev.  S.  S. 
Schmucker  was  authorized  to  sell  these  lands  ;  but  as 
they  were  located  in  the  mountains  of  Xorth  Carolina 
very  little  was  realized  from  the  sale  of  them.  Had  they 
been  retained  until  this  time,  they  would  have  become 
exceedingly  valuable  for  the  timber  alone  that  was  stand- 
ing on  them. 

1843  Considerable  money  was  raised  for  a  Centenary  Fund, 
and-  several  succeeding  Synods  made  large  additions 
thereto.  These  funds  were  applied  to  the  various  objects 
of  the  Synod,  and  finally  to  the  then  future  college. 

1846  Another  Constitution  of  the  Synod  was  adopted,  and 
appended  to  the  Minutes. 

1852  The  first  step  was  taken  toward  the  establishment  of  a 
male  institution  of  learning  in  the  bounds  of  the  Synod  ; 
suggested  in  the  President's  report;  and 

1853  In  commemoration  of  the  semi-centennial  of  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Synod,  the  establishment  of  the  Western 
Carolina  Male  Academy,  Mount  Pleasant,  X.  C,  was 
decided  at  a  convention  held  for  that  purpose  in  Con- 
cord, X.  C,  July  21st,  1S52,  and  carried  into  effect. 
In  the  year  1859  the  academy  became  a  college.  Special 
services  were  resolved  to  be  held  in  all  the  churches  in 
gratitude  to  God  for  His  blessing  during  the  past  fifty 
years  of  the  existence  of  the  Synod. 

1855  The  fifth  Constitution  of  Synod  was  adopted  and  printed 
with  the  Minutes.  Also  at  a  convention  preceding  the 
meeting    of    Synod,     all    the    congregations    connected 


l60  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD, 

with  the  Synod  formed  themselves  into  regular  pastorates, 
making  in  all  about  twelve  charges. 

1858  A  committee  was  appointed  to  visit  the  cities  of  Wilming- 
ton and  Newbern,  to  inquire  into  the  condition  of  the 
German  and  English  Lutherans  residing  there,  with  the 
view  of  organizing  Lutheran  Churches  in  those  places. 
The  committee  succeeded  in  organizing  St.  Paul's  Luth- 
eran Church  in  Wilmington. 

1859  St.  Mark's  Lutheran  Church  in  the  city  of  Charlotte  was 
organized.  The  establishment  of  these  new  congrega- 
tions in  these  two  important  cities  of  our  State  gave  the 
Synod  a  prominence  in  the  Church-at -large,  and  a  spirit 
of  progress  which  has  been  a  blessing  to  it  up  to  this 
time.  Rev.  John  H.  Mengert  was  chosen  as  the  mis- 
sionary in  Wilmington,  and  Rev.  Alexander  Phillippi  the 
missionary  to  labor  in  Charlotte. 

1861  The  Synod  to  a  certain  extent  severed  its  connection  with 
the  General  Synod,  as  the  war  between  the  States  made 
"  it  impracticable  to  send  our  delegates  to  the  next  meet- 
ing to  convene  at  Lancaster,  Pa." 

1862  The  Synod  finally  withdrew  from  the  General  Synod,  and 
resolved  to  form,  in  connection  with  other  Lutheran 
Synods  in  the  South,  a  Southern  General  Synod  of  their 
own. 

1868  The  first  step  was  taken  to  arrange  for  a  colored  Lutheran 
ministry  to  labor  exclusively  among  the  colored  popula- 
tion of  this  State,  which  finally  resulted  in  forming  their 
own  Synod. 

The  female  seminary  at  Mount  Pleasant,  N.  C,  be- 
came an  institution  of  the  Synod  ;  the  money  for  that 
purpose  having  been  collected  at  the  North  by  Rev.  G. 
D.  Bernheim. 

1869  At  an  adjourned  meeting  of  Synod,  held  in  Salem  Church, 
Rowan  County,  August  26th,  1869,  the  North  Carolina 
Synod  adopted  a  thoroughly  Lutheran  doctrinal  basis, 
conformable  to  the  teachings  of  the  symbolical  books. 

1870  The  sixth  Constitution  of  Synod,  as  adopted  at  the  ad- 


NOTEWORTHY    TRANSACTIONS    OF    SYNOD.  l6l 

journed  meeting  of  last  year,  was  appended  to  and  printed 
with  the  Minutes  of  this  year. 
187 1      The   Synod   dissolved   its  connection  with  the  Southern 
General  Synod. 

1879  The  seventh  Constitution  of  Synod  was  printed  with  this 
year's  Minutes. 

1880  The  "  Proposed  Constitution  for  the  Use  of  Congregations 
of  the  Synod"  was  published  with  the  Minutes;  so  also 
was  the  Constitution  of  Synod  republished. 

1881  Synod  reunited  with  the  General  Synod  of  the  South. 
1887     Synod  was  incorporated  by  an  Act  of  the  Legislature  of 

North  Carolina.      (See  Minutes,  page  18.  ) 

Synod  was  informed  of  the  merging  of  the  Southern 
General  Synod  into  the  United  Synod  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church  in  the  South,  which  was  consummated 
June,  1SS6,  without  a  negative  vote,  thus  healing  the 
long-continued  division  of  1819  and  1820,  "and  uniting 
all  the  Lutheran  Synods  in  the  South  Atlantic  States  into 
one  general  body. ' ' 

1889  The  colored  Lutheran  ministers  were  organized  at  their 
special  request  into  a  separate  Synod  of  their  own,  under 
the  name  and  title  of  the  Alpha  Synod  ;  they  subse- 
quently united  themselves  with  the  Missouri  Synod. 

August  27th,  18S9,  a  new  or  revised  Constitution  of 
Synod  was  adopted,  making  the  eighth  in  number. 

1891  Two  important  legacies  for  the  benefit  of  our  Church  in 
North  Carolina  were  reported  this  year ;  they  were  made 
by  Capt.  W.  A.  Barrier,  who  departed  this  life  in  Char- 
lotte, October  8th,  1890  ;  and  Capt.  T.  L.  Seigle,  also 
of  Charlotte,  who  died  February  27th,  1891  :  both  these 
legacies  were  in  favor  of  St.  Mark's  Lutheran  Church, 
Charlotte;  that  of  Capt.  Barrier  also  included  51000.00 
to  North  Carolina  College  and  a  considerable  sum  to 
our  Southern  Theological  Seminary,  with  the  proviso 
that,  if  said  seminary  should  fail  of  being  established,  the 
amount  intended  for  that  institution  should  be  given  to 
this  Synod  for  the  benefit  of  Home  Missions.     A  copy  of 


1 62  HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 

Capt.  Barrier's  will  is  published  in  the   Minutes   of  this 
year. 
1892     Several  years  ago  a  legacy  was  left  to  Synod  by  Mr.  M. 

A.  Blackwelder,  which  was,  however,  involved  in  litigation, 
and  Synod  did  not  receive  any  benefit  from  it  until  1892 
(see  page  25  of  Minutes  of  Synod),  when  Synod  dis- 
posed of  its  interest  in  the  land  to  Mr.  A.  D.  Misen- 
heimer  for  the  sum  of  $500.00. 

1896  The  Synod  this  year  was  called  upon  to  mourn  the  loss 
of  three  of  its  most  useful  and  worthy  members:   Rev.  J. 

B.  Davis,  D.D. ,  was  taken  from  earth  to  heaven  in  Salem, 
Va. ,  January  3d,  1896,  formerly  President  of  North  Caro- 
lina College,  an  able  preacher,  and  a  very  scholarly  man. 
The  next  was  Mr.  I.  Frank  Patterson,  the  honored  Treas- 
urer of  Synod,  called  away  in  the  midst  of  his  years  and 
usefulness,  and  who  bequeathed  to  the  Synod  the  sum  of 
$2000.00,  the  interest  of  which  is  to  be  devoted  to  Home 
Missions  in  the  bounds  of  this  Synod  ;  a  very  timely 
legacy  and  very  much  needed.  Mr.  Patterson  died  at 
China  Grove,  N.  C,  February  18th,  1896.  After  him, 
the  Lord  called  Rev.  Prof.  J.  D.  Shirey,  D.  D.,  Presi- 
dent of  North  Carolina  College,  to  his  rest,  who  departed 
this  life  in  Mount  Pleasant,  N.  C,  on  Easter  Sunday 
morning,  April  5th,  1896.  Rev.  B.  H.  W.  Runge's 
death  was  also  reported  at  this  Synod.  This  young  brother 
was  but  thirteen  days  in  the  ministry,  and  died  in  Wil- 
mington, N.  C,  June  15th,  1895. 

1899  The  Theological  Seminary  of  the  South  was  removed  from 
Newberry,  S.  C,  to  Mount  Pleasant,  near  Charleston, 
S.  C,  in  the  fall  of  1898,  and  has  now  a  local  habitation 
of  its  own,  which  has  brought  it  at  once  into  prominence 
and  gave  it  prosperity.  It  was  reported  in  the  Minutes 
in  the  following  glowing  terms:  "It  is  with  special 
gratitude  and  encouragement  we  can  call  attention  to  the 
fact  that  this  school  of  the  prophets  has  been  perma- 
nently established  in  a  home  of  its  own  in  Mount  Pleasant, 


NOTEWORTHY    TRANSACTIONS    OF    SYNOD.  1 63 

S.  C. ,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Charleston  ;  and  that,  at  its 
head,  has  been  secured  the  services  of  our  beloved  brother, 
Rev.  J.  A.  Morehead,  who,  with  the  able  assistance  of 
the  local  talent  of  Charleston,  afford  the  institution  a 
strong  and  ample  teaching  force." 


CHAPTER 

A    TABULATED    SKETCH    OF    EVERY    MINISTER    THAT 


{Read  across  both  pages.) 


w 

a 

s 

Names  of  Ministers. 

Licensed,  Where,  When, 
by  Whom. 

Ordained,  Where,  When, 
by   Whom. 

T 

Adolph  Nussmann 

Johann  Gottfried  Arends 

Arnold  Roschen 

Christopher  E.  Bernhardt 

Charles  A.  G.  Storch. . . . 

Robert  J.  Miller 

PaulHenkel 

As  a  converted  Roman  Catholic  priest... 

Organ  Church,    Aug.   28,    1775,   by   Rev. 
Joachim  Buelow. 

2 

3 
4 

5 
6 

As  teacher,  Oct.  16,  1772,  in  Gottingen, 
Germany. 

Came  to  North  Carolina,  fall  of  1788.... 

Helmstaedt,  Germany,  March  12, 1788,  by 
Rev.  J.  C.  Velthusen,  D.  D. 

St.  John's,  Cabarrus,  May  20,  1794,  by  the 
Lutheran  ministry  in  North  Carolina. 

Philadelphia  Pa.,  June  6,  1792,  Pennsyl- 
vania Ministerium. 

Union  Church,  N.  C,  April,  1805,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Abbot's  Creek  Church,  Oct.,  1808,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Came  to  North  Carolina,  Sept.  1788... . 

7 
8 

9 

June,    1800,    by    Pennsylvania    Minis- 

terium. 
Davidson    Co.,   Oct.    22,    1804,    North 

Carolina  Synod. 

Abbot's    Creek,    Oct.    22,    1804,   North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Philip  Henkel 

John  Ludwig  Markert.. . 

John  Michael  Rickert.    . 
Gottlieb  Schober 

Organ  Church,  Oct.  21, 1810,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

*3 

J4 

IS 

t6 

Organ    Church,    Oct.    23,    1810,    North 

Carolina  Synod. 
Organ    Church,    Oct.    23,    1810,   North 

Carolina  Synod. 

In  South  Carolina,  spring  of  1812,  by  Rev. 
Storch  and  others,  in  special  conference. 

Lau's  Church,  Oct.  18,  1812,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

Lincolnton,  N.  C,  April  6, 1812,  by  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Lau's  Church,  Oct.  20,  1812,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

St.  John's,  Cabarrus,  April  28,  1819, 
North  Carolina  Synod. 

In  1822,  by  G.   Dreher    and    M.    Rauch, 
committee  of  North  Carolina  Synod. 

Charles  Z.  H.  Schmidt.  . 

17 

Lincolnton,  April  6,  1812,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

Lincolnton,  April  6,  1812,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

Lau's    Church,    Oct.    19,    1812,    North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Oct.    19,    1812,    Lau's    Church,    North 

Carolina  Synod. 
Oct.    20,   1812,    Lau's    Church,    North 

Carolina  Synod. 
Oct.    20,    1812,    Lau's    Church,    North 

Carolina  Synod. 
Oct.    20,    1812,   Lau's    Church,    North 

Carolina  Synod. 

19 
20 

John  Yost  Meetze 

Philip  Roth  . 

23 

Jacob  Miller 

June   4,   1822,    Pilgrim's    Church,   North 
Carolina  Synod. 

(164) 


XVI. 

HAS    EVER     BEEN    CONNECTED    WITH     THE     SYNOD. 


j  Admitted  to 

3      North  Carolina 
g        Synod,  Whence, 


Removed,  How, 
When. 


Age. 
Yrs.  Mos.  Dys. 


Buried. 


i  The  pioneer  Lutheran 
pastor  in  North  Car- 
olina. 

2  One  of  the  organizers  of 
the  North  Carolina 
Synod. 

3 Returned  to  Germany. 


Died  Nov.  3,  1794. 
Died  July  9,  1807.. 


3  Some. 
6      28 


4  Oct.  20,  iS 


Died   in  South  Carolina,      47 
Aug.  27,  1809. 


One  of  the   organizers 

of  Synod. 
One  of  the  organizers 

of  Synod. 
One  of  the   organizers 

of  Synod. 
Oct.  17,  1803,  as   cate- 

chet. 
Labored    in    Davidson 

Co.,N.  C. 


Died  March  27,  1831 

66 

9 

11 

Died  1834 

70 

11 

11 

Died  Oct.  9,  1S33 

54 

0 

17 

Died  Nov.  22, 1850 

Dropped  by  North  Caro- 
lina Synod, May  4,1833. 
Died  June  29,  1838 


Labored  in  Stokes  and 

.  Forsythe  Counties. 
Always    a   member   of  Died  Aug.  13,  1854 

North       Carolina 

Synod. 
Nothing  more  heard  of 

him. 


Labored  in  South  Car- 
olina. 


An  organizer  of  South 
Carolina  Synod. 


An  organizer  of  South 
Carolina  Synod. 


Died  July  28,  1875 85 

Died  March  2,  i860 73 

Died  in  Tennessee,  1814. 


Died  in  South  Carolina, 

Sept.  4,  1829. 
Died  in  Lincoln  Co.,  July      49 

11,  1839. 
Died  Feb.  26,  1869 8S 


>  An  organizer  of  South  Died  May  7,  1833  . 
Carolina  Svnod. 


Labored     in     Guilford 
Co.,  N.  C 


Expelled  Oct.  21,  i8i7,by 
North  Carolina  Synod. 
Died  in  1824. 


St.  John's  Grave- 
vard.  Cabarrus 
Co.,  N.  C. 

Lincolnton,  N.  C. 


Labored    in    Davidson 

Co.,N.  C. 

Near  St.  Michael's  Came  to  America  two 
Church,  South  years  before  Storch. 
Carolina. 

Organ  Church. 

Lenoir,  N.  C Returned  to  Episcopal 

Church,  June,  1821. 
New  Market,  Va. .  .  Abundant  in  labors. 

Randolph  Co.,  N.  C.  Labored  often  as  trav- 
eling missionary. 

Portland  Mills,  Ind.  First  Missionary  of 
Synod  in  Ohio,  In- 
diana, and  Illinois. 


Salem,  N.  C. 
Guilford  Co. 


Wanted  to  be  ordained 

as  a  Reformed  min- 
ister. 

Lexington  District,  United  with  Tennessee 
S.  C.  Synod. 

Columbus,  Texas  .  .  Abundant  in  labors. 


Lexington   District, 

S.  C. 
Lincoln  Co.,  N.  C. 

Lexington    Count}-,  Honored  for  his    long 
S.  C.  and  useful  life  in  the 

Church. 
Lexington    District. 

S.  c. 


23 Moved  to  Indiana. 


(165) 


i66 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


Names  of  Ministers. 


David  Henkel 

John  Peter  Schmucker. 

26|jacob  Zink 

271  Andrew  Henkel 

28  Adam  Miller 

29' John  Dreher 

30  Daniel  Scherer 

I 
31 !  Daniel  Walcher 


32  Joseph  E.  Bell 

33  Martin  Walther.. . . 

34  Michael  McMakin. 

33  Jacob  Moser 

36iMartin  Kibler 

37|Adam  Grimes 

38  Andrew  Seechrist.. 

39;John  Reichert 

40  Samuel  Herscher. . . 


41  William  Jenkins. 


Daniel  J.  Hauer,  D.  D. 
John  C.  A.  Schoenberg 
John  Reck 

John  P.  Klein  (Cline).. 

Julius  C.  W.  Schyler. . . 
47  Henry  Graeber,  M.  D.. 
48AVilliam  Artz 


Licensed,  When,  Where, 
by  Whom. 


June  6,  3(819,  by  Philip  Henkel.. 
May  30,  1820,  Lincolnton,  N.  C. 


July  19,  1820,  Solomon's,  Tenn.,  Tennes- 
see Synod. 


July  19,  1820,  Solomon's,  Tenn.,  Tennes- 
see Synod. 
Was  never  ordained 


Oct.  19,  1813,  Pilgrim's  Church,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Oct.  19,  1813,  Pilgrim's  Church,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Oct.  18,  1814,  Organ  Church,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Oct.  19,  1814,  Organ  Church,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Oct.  17,  1815,  Emanuel's  Church,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Oct.  17. 1815,  Emanuel's  Church,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Oct.  22, 1816,  Guilford  Co.,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

Oct.  22,  1816,  Guilford  Co.,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

Oct.  22, 1816,  Guilford  Co.,  North  Caro-ljune  6,  1819,  by  Philip  Henke 
Una  Synod. 

Oct.  21,  1817,  Pilgrim's  Church,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Oct.  22,  1817,  Pilgrim's  Church,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

May  31,  1820,  Lincolnton,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

May  31,  1820,  Lincolnton,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 


Ordained,  When,  Where, 
by  Whom. 


June  18, 1821,  Lau's  Church,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 
Was  never  ordained 


June   18,  1821,  Lau's   Church,  by   North 
Carolina  Synod. 


April  4,  1824,   St.  John's,  Lexington   Dis- 
trict, S.  C,  by  South  Carolina  Synod. 


June    18,    1821,   Lau's    Church,   North 

Carolina  Synod. 
June    18,   1821,   Lau's    Church,   North 

Carolina  Synod. 
June    19,    1821,    Lau's    Church,   North 

Carolina  Synod. 
June  4,  1822,   Pilgrim's  Church,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 


Was  never  ordained. 


May  4,  1831,  Organ  Church,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 
Was  never  ordained 

Jan.    14,   1824,   St.   Michael's,  S.   C,  by 
I     South  Carolina  Synod. 


May    4,    1824,    St.    John's,    Cabarrus, ] May    7,    1828,    Union     Church,    Rowan, 

North  Carolina  Synod.  I      North  Carolina  Synod.. 

May  9,  1826,  Zion's  Church,  Botetourt  May  6,  1829,  St.  John's,  Wythe,  Va.,  by 


Co.,  Va.,  North  Carolina  Synod 
Jan.    15,    1824,    St.    Michael's,   South 
Carolina  Synod. 


49 1  David  P.  Rosenmiller. 

I 
50  Jacob  Kaempffer 


John  T.  Tabler 

Samuel  Rothrock,  D.  D, 

Daniel  Jenkins 


Edwin  A.  Bolles. 


North  Carolina  Synod 
May    7,    1828,    Union    Church,    Rowan, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 
May   10,  1826,  Zion's   Church,  Botetourt 
[     Co.,  Va.,  by  North  Carolina  Synod 
Zion's  Church,  Va.,  May  8, 1826,  North  St.  John's,  Virginia,  May  6,1829,  North 
Carolina  Synod.  I     Carolina  Synod. 

St.   Paul's,  Lincoln    Co.,  May  9,  1827,' 

North  Carolina  Synod. 
June  7,  1818,  by  Pennsylvania  Synod.  .  Fredericktown,  Md.,  Sept.  5,  182 


Lau's  Church,  May  4,  1830,  North  Caro-  Organ  Church,  May  4,  1831,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod.  |     lina  Synod. 
Lau's  Church,  May  4, 1830,  North  Caro-Organ  Church,  May  4,  1831,  North  Caro- 


lina Synod 

Lau's  Church,  May  4, 1830,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Lincoln  Co.,  May  21, 
1832,  North  Carolina  Synod. 

Frieden's  Church,  May  4,  1833,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 


St.  Paul's  Church, Virginia,  May  7, 1834, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 
Pilgrim's  Church,  May  17,  1836,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 


lina  Synod. 
Organ  Church,  May  4,  1831,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 


St.  Paul's  Church,  Virginia,  May  7,  zi 
North  Carolina  Synod. 


Ebenezer,    Georgia,    March  12,    1837,    by 
South  Carolina  Synod. 


TABULATED    SKETCH    OF    MINISTERS    CONNECTED    WITH    THE    SYNOD. 


167 


2  Admitted  to 

g  North  Carolina 

S  Synod,  Whence, 
e>  When. 


Removed,  How, 
When. 


Age. 
Yrs.Mos.Dys. 


Remarks. 


24 Died  June  15,  iS 

25 

26 


27 


Died  April  23,  1870. 
Died  July  6,  1844.. 


Lincoln  Co An   organizer  of  Ten- 
nessee Synod. 
Labored  in  Virginia. 


Germantown,  Ohio. 


29 Died      1847,     Lexington 

J     District,  S.  C. 
30 Died  April  4,  1852 62 

31 Expelled  by  North  Caro- 

i     lina     Synod,    May    5, 

1823. 
32 Joined  the  Presbyterians, 

May  20,  1821. 
33 

34 Joined     the     Tennessee' 

;     Synod. 
35 Died  Dec.  26,  1865 

36 Joined      the      Maryland 

Synod. 
37 Died  March  22,  18c 


Washington    Co., 
Va. 


Mt.  Carmel,  111 Labored  in  North  Car- 
olina and  Illinois. 


An  organizer  of  South 
Carolina  Synod. 


In  his  83d  year.  Wilkes  Co. 


Expelled  May  5,  1835. 
Died  in  South  Carolina. 


40 Expelled  by  South  Caro- 
lina Synod,  Nov.  26, 
1825. 

41  Died  Oct.  27,  1877 

42 Died  Nov.  27, 1901 


Died New  Market,  Va. 


Shelbyville,  Tenn.  .  Labored  in  Tennessee. 

Hanover,  Pa. 

Missionary  to  Illinois. 


46 

47  Mar)  land  and  Virginia  Died  Sept.  n,  1843 50       7     13 

Synod,  1828. 
48 Died  April  19, 1876 71     10     18 

49 Died  Sept.  26,  1880 7r  3  4 

50 Died  Jan.  20,  1SS0 79  5  27 

51  Expelled  Sept.  28,  1841. 

52 Died  Nov.  2,  1894 84  n  6 


Organ  Church. 
St.  John's,  Cab.  Co. 
Lancaster,  Pa. 
Glen  Rock,  Pa. 


Union   Church,         '  Labored   all  his  life  in 
Rowan  Co.,  N.  C.      North     Carolina,     a 
■     ministry  of  sixty-one 
years. 


Died  Dec.  22,  18 


3i      9     12      Columbia,  S.  C. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


56 


Names  of  Ministers. 


Licensed,  Where,  When, 
by  Whom. 


Benjamin  Arey 

John      Schweisguth 

(Swicegood). 
Elijah  Hawkins 


Pilgrim's  Church,  May  17,  1836,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 
Pilgrim's  Church,  May  18,  1836,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 
St.  John's    Church,   Lexington,    S.  C, 
I     Nov.  16,  1836,  South  Carolina  Synod. 

Philip  A.  Strobel St.  John's    Church,  Lexington,  S.  C, 

Nov.  16,  1836,  South  Carolina  Synod. 

Jacob  Crim St.  John's,  Charleston,  S.  C,  Nov.  16, 

1837,  South  Carolina  Synod. 

John  J.  Greever St.  Michael's  Church,  Oct.  6, 1840,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 

N.Aldrich St.  Michael's  Ch.,  Oct.  6,  1840,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 

Gideon  Scherer St. Michael's  Church,  Oct. 6, 1840,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 

John  D.  Scheck j  Ebenezer,  Georgia,  Nov.  26, 1827,  South 

Carolina  Synod. 
William  G.  Harter iSt.  John's,  Charleston,  S.  C,   Nov.  16, 

I     1837,  South  Carolina  Synod: 
Joseph  A.  Linn St.   James'   Church,   Concord,  May  6, 

j     1844,  North  Carolina  Synod. 


Ordained,  Where,  When, 
by  Whom. 


Zion's   Church,  Virginia,   May   16,   1838, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 
Hopewell  Church,  Aug.  31,  1851,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 
Zion's    Church,   Virginia,    May    16,    1838, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 
Zion's    Church,    Virginia,   May    16,   1838, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 
Sandy  Creek,  N.  C,  Nov.  7,  1841,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 
Zion's   Church,  Virginia,  May   24,   1842, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 
Ebenezer,  Georgia,  Nov.  31,  1841,  South 

Carolina  Synod. 
Zion's    Church,   Virginia,   May  24,    1842, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Newberry  District, 
Nov.  21,  1830,  South  Carolina  Synod. 

St.  John's  Church,  Broad  River,  S.  C, 
Nov.  13,  1838,  South  Carolina  Synod. 

St.  Matthew's  Church,  Rowan,  July  27, 
1845,  North  Carolina  Synod. 


By  Methodist  Church  in  1832 
Was  never  ordained 


Jacob  B.  Anthony 

William  H.  Fink iOrgan    Church,    May    3,    1847,    North 

Carolina  Synod. 

John  H.  Coffman ISt.  Paul's,  Catawba,  May  8, 1848,  North :  Was  never  ordained 

Carolina  Synod. 
Burrell  N.  Hopkins j  St.  John's,  Cabarrus,  May  9, 1849,  North  Was  never  ordained 

Carolina  Synod. 
Levi  C.  Groseclose Pine  Grove,  Va.,  Sept.  6,  1849,  South 

western  Virginia  Synod. 
John  S.  Heilig 1  St.    Stephen's    Church,   May    6,   1851 

North  Carolina  Synod. 


St.  Peter's  Church, Virginia,  Sept.  24, 1S50,' 
Southwestern  Virginia  Synod. 

St.  Enoch's  Church,  Oct.  29,  1854,  North; 
Carolina  Synod. 


Simeon  Scherer St.    Peter's,    Virginia,    Aug.    30, 

Southwestern  Virginia  Synod. 
William  Gerhard,  D.  D..  Mifflinburg,  Pa.,  Sept.  28,  1847. . 


Daniel  I.  Dreher St.  Matthew's  Church,  South  Carolina, 

Nov.  16,  1853,  South  Carolina  Synod. 
Bryant  C.  Hall Fredericktown,    N.    C,    May    8,    1855, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 
Paul  Kistler Ebenezer,  Georgia,  Nov.  31, 1841,  South 

Carolina  Synod. 
Caleb  Lentz St.    Enoch's,  North   Carolina,  May   6, 

1856,  North  Carolina  Synod. 
William  A.  Julian St.    Enoch's,   North    Carolina,  May    6, 

1856,  North  Carolina  Synod. 
G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D..,St.  Andrew's,  Lexington  District,  S.  C, 
1     Nov.  14,  1849,  South  Carolina  Synod. 
John  L.  Smithdeal St.    Paul's,  Alamance,    N.  C,  May  3, 

1858,  North  Carolina  Synod. 

John  H.  Mengert University  of  Basel,  Aug.,  1836. 

Daniel  H.  Bittle,  D.  D.  .  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  April  18,  1848. 


St.  Peter's  Church,  Virginia,  Sept.  24, 1850, 

Southwestern  Virginia  Synod, 
Pottsville,    Pa.,  May   29,   3850,    Pennsyl- 
1     vania  Ministerium. 

Concord,  N.  C,  June  8,  1856 


Luther    Chapel,    North     Carolina,    Aug.j 

29,  1858. 
St.   Matthew's   Church,   South   Carolina. 

Nov.  16,  1843,  South  Carolina  Synod,     j 
Luther    Chapel,     North     Carolina,     Aug.j 

28,  1858,  North  Carolina  Synod. 
Salem    Church,  North    Carolina,  May  29,' 

1859,  North  Carolina  Synod. 
Charleston,    S.   C,    May  15,  1853,   South! 

Carolina  Svnod. 


Baden,  Germany,  Oct.  2,  183c 
Dayton,  Ohio,  April  17,  1849. 


Louis  A.  Bikle,  D.  D St.   Mark's,   Charlotte,   May   28,  1859, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 

Alexander  Phillippi.D.D  St.  Mark's,  Charlotte,  May  28,  1859, 
North  Carolina  Synod. 


Organ  Church,  May  4,  1862,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

Wytheville,  Va.,  Aug.,  1861,  Southwest- 
ern Virginia  Synod. 


TABULATED    SKETCH    OF    MINISTERS    CONNECTED    WITH    THE    SYNOD. 


169 


Admitted  to 

North  Carolina 

Synod,  Whence, 

When. 


Removed,  How, 
When. 


Age. 

Yrs.Mos.Dys. 


72 Died  July  11,  1876 

73  Pennsylvania       Minis-  Ministerium  of  Pennsyl- 

terium,  1855.  ;     vania,  1861. 

74  South  Carolina  Synod.  Died  Feb.  18,  1871   

75  From     Methodist  Died  July  19,  1864 

Church. 

76  South  Carolina  Synod,  Joined  the  Methodists  in 

May  2,  1856.  J859. 

77 Died  Sept.  30,  1863. 

78 

79  South  Carolina  Synod. 

April  29,  1858. 
80 Died 


55  J Honorably      dismissed 

j     May  29,  1855. 
56' I  Died  Sept.  9,  1870 75 

57  South  Carolina  Synod,: 

May  30,  1837. 

58  South  Carolina  Synod,  Died 

May  30,  1837.  1 

59  South  Carolina  Synod, ;  Died 

April  23, 1839. 
60 Died  June  30,  1877. . . 

61 Died  June  3,  t866 

62  One  of  the  organizers 

of  Southwestern  Vir- 
ginia Synod. 

63  South  Carolina  Synod,, Died. 

Sept.  24.  1841. 

64  South  Carolina  Synod,' Died. 

Sept.  24,  1841. 
65 [Died  March  16,  1864. 


66  Methodist     Church,      [Died  Nov.  20,  1886 

May  6,  1844. 

67 j  Dropped  Nov.  12,  1850, 

by       South       Carolina 
Synod. 
68 Expelled  by  North  Caro- 
lina Synod,  May  1, 1852. ' 
69 Expelled  by  North  Caro- 
lina Synod,  May  4, 1853. 
70  Southwestern    Virginia  To      Southern        Illinois 

Synod,  May  1,  1851.  I     Synod,  1873. 
71 Died  Aug.  12,  1885 


83 


To      Tennessee     Synod, 


81  Evansville,  Ind.,  April  Died  Oct.  26,  1876 62      4     10 

28,  1859. 

82  Salem,   Va.,   April   28,  Died  Jan.  14,  1874 54       7       8 


Shady  Grove,  N.  C. 

JDansville,  N.  Y. 
Texas. 

Burke's  Garden, Va. 
Charlotte,  N.  C. 


Organ  Church Killed       going       from 

.church  by  a  fall  from 
his  horse. 
Mt.  Pleasant,  N.  C. 


Concord,  N.  C 'Transferred  to  Mary- 
land Synod,  Sept.  8, 
1866. 

Frieden's     Church, 
Gibsonville,  N.C. 


Organ    Church, 

North  Carolina. 
Lau's  Church. 


First  principal  of  W. 
Ca.  Male  Academy  at 
Mt.  Pleasant,  N.  C. 


Ancram,  N.  Y Transferred    to    South 

Carolina  Synod,  Jan.- 

9,  i860. 
Gardenville,  Md...  First     pastor     of     St. 

Paul's,  Wilmington. 
Savannah,  Ga First  President  of  North 

Carolina  College. 

Moved  to  Virginia. 


170 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


Names  of  Ministers. 


Licensed,  Where,  When, 
ey  Whom. 


Ordained,  Where,  When, 
by  Whom. 


.99 
100 
101 


James  R.  Sikes 

Whitson  Kimball... 
James  D.  Stingley. . 

Martin  M.  Miller 

George  F.  Schaefer  . 

W.  H.  Cone 

J.  W.  Barrier 

A.  D.  L.  Moser 

L.  W.  Heydenreich. 


Sandy  Creek,  N.  C,  May  7,  i860,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Sandy  Creek  Church,  May  5,  i860. 
North  Carolina  Synod. 

Charleston,  Nov.  18,  1846,  South  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

St.  Mark's  Church,  Charlotte,  May  2, 
1863,  North  Carolina  Synod. 

Organ  Church,  May  4, 1862,  North  Caro- 
lina Synod. 

Ad  interim,  May,  1858 

Organ  Church,  July  4,  1866,  Conference 

of  North  Carolina  Synod. 
Bethlehem  Church,  Oct.  19,  1863,  South 

Carolina  Synod. 


Frieden's  Church,  Aug.  5,  1861,  North 
Carolina  Synod. 

Organ  Church,  May  4,  1862,  North  Car- 
olina Synod. 

St.  Andrew's  Church,  Nov.  14, 1849,  South 
Carolina  Synod. 

Was  never  ordained 


Hollidaysburg,  Pa.,  Sept.,  1865,  by  Alle- 
ghany Synod. 

Salem,  Va.,  Au^.,  1858,  Southwestern  Vir- 
ginia Synod. 

Was  never  ordained 


St.  Mark's,  Edgefield,  Oct.  22,  1866,  South 
Carolina  Synod. 


Charles  H.  Bernheim  . . .  Bethlehem  Church,  Nov.  13, 1855,  South 
Carolina  Synod. 

J.  H.  Fesperman Lau's   Church,  May  2,1868,   by  North 

j     Carolina  Synod. 
R.  L.  Brown 'Lau's  Church,  May  2,  1868,  North  Car- 
olina Synod. 
Lau's  Church,  May  2,  1868,  North  Car- 
olina Synod. 
Jan.,  1861,  South  Carolina  Synod 


VV.  R.  Ketchie 

J.  D.  Bowles 

Philip  M.  Bikle,  Ph.  D. 

Jacob  G.  Neiffer 

W.  E.  Hubbert 


02  E.  P.  Parker 

103  P.  E.  Zink 

104  H.  M.  Brown 

05  D.  M.  Henkel,  D.  D.... 

06  J.  B.  Davis,  D.  D 

107  J.  H.  Harry 

108  Calvin  W.  Sifferd,  D.  D. 

109  T.  W.  Dosh,  D.  D 

no  V.  R.  Stickley 

in  R.  VV.  Petrea 

112  E.  A.  Wingard,  D.  D...  . 

113  S.  S.  Rahn,  D.  D 

114  William  A.  Lutz 

115  Franklin  P.  Cook 

116  J.  A.  Linn 


Washington  Co.,  Va.,  1868,  by  South- 
western Virginia  Synod. 


Organ    Church,   Aug.   26,   1872,   North 
Carolina  Synod. 


New  Market,  Va.,  Oct.  5,  i£ 

see  Synod. 
Virginia  Synod 


Smith  Co.,  Va.,  Aug.,  1873,  Southwest- 
ern Virginia  Synod. 


Ebenezer  Church,  Georgia,  April,  1874, 
Georgia  Synod. 


Pine  Grove  Church,  Oct.  31,  1858,  South 
Carolina  Synod. 

Salem  Church,  Oct.  15,  1871,  North  Car- 
olina Synod. 

Salem  Church,  Oct.  15,  1871,  North  Car- 
olina Synod. 

Salem  Church,  Oct.  15,  1871,  North  Car- 
olina Synod. 

Sept.,  1861,  Georgia  Synod 


Salem  Church,  Aug.  29,  1869,  North  Car- 
olina Synod. 


Floyd  Co.,  Va.,  1870,  by  Southwestern 
Virginia  Synod. 

Frieden's  Church,  Sept.  29,  1872,  Confer- 
ence of  North  Carolina  Synod. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Rowan,  May  4,  1873, 
North  Carolina  Synod. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Rowan,  May  4,  1873, 
North  Carolina  Synod. 

New  Market,  Va.,  Sept.  n,  1849,  Tennes- 
see Synod. 

1834,  Virginia  Synod 


Concord,  July  26,   1874,  North   Carolina 

Synod. 
St.  John's  Church, Cabarrus,  May  1,  1875, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 


Smith  Co.,  Va.,  Oct.   1875,  Southwestern 

Virginia  Synod. 
St.  Enoch's   Church,  May  7,  1876,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 
St.  Luke's   Church,  Newberry  Co.,  S.  C, 

1875,  South  Carolina  Synod. 
Mt.  Pilgrim  Church,  Nov.  1,  1874,  Georgia 

Synod. 
St.    Peter's   Church,  May  5,  1877,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 
St.   Peter's  Church,   May  5,   1877,   North 

Carolina  Synod. 
St.   Peter's  Church,  May  5,  1877,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 


TABULATED    SKETCH    OF    MINISTERS    CONNECTED    WITH    THE    SYNOD. 


171 


Admitted  to 

North  Carolina 

Synod,  Whence, 

When. 


Removed,  How, 
When. 


Age. 
Yrs.Mos.Dvs. 


Buried. 


Remarks. 


85 Died  Jan.  21,  1895 62      9     23      Gibsonville,  N.  C. 

86 Died  May  23,  1898 :      70       1     25       Lutheran  Chapel.       A  very  useful  minister. 

87  Mississippi  Synod, May  Died. 


2,  ihoi. 


Pittsburgh  Synod, 1882. 

Virginia    Synod,    May 
3,  1866. 


Killed   in   battle  June  7,      30       8     19     !  Bethel  Church,  Ro- 
1864.  wan  Co.,  N.  C. 


South  Carolina  Synod 

May  2,  1867. 
East       Pennsylvania 

Svnod,     April    30, 
__  1868. 
South  Carolina  Synod 

April  30,  1868. 


■  90 

91 
92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98  Georgia    Synod,    April 

29,  1869. 
99 

100  Virginia    Synod,   Aug. 

25, 1870. 

101  Southwestern    Virginia 

Synod,  Aug.  23, 1871. 

102 
103 
104 


Died  July  20,  1867 •. !     26     10       5      St.    John's,    Cabar- 
rus Co. 
Died  July  26,  1893 !     56     10     24     iCharlotte,  N.  C. 

Died  March  18,  1879 73       8     24      Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Died  Jan.  20, 1901 '     69      9     14      Near    Conover, 

N.  C. 


To  South  Carolina  Synod 

in  1874. 
To  Maryland  Synod, July 

13,  1870. 
To     District     Synod     of 

Ohio,  Sept.  24,  1875. 
To      Southwestern      V* 

ginia    Synod,  April    7,1 

1877. 


Died  Dec.  23,  1892. 


Virginia    Synod,    May 

1,1873. 
Virginia    Synod,   April 

28,  1S75. 


To      Indiana      Synod, 

March  3.  1876. 
Died  Feb.  26,  1895 


108 To       Southern       Illinois 

Synod,  June  10,  1875.    I 

109  South  Carolina  Synod,  Died  Dec.  24,  1889 59       1       3      Burkittsville,  Md. 

May  2.  1876. 
no  Southwestern    Virginia 
Synod,  May  2,  1876. 

in To       Southern       Illinois 

Synod,  April  7,  1888.     | 

112  Smith  Carolina  Synod,  To        South         Carolina 

Sept.  8,  1876.  Synod,  r'eb.  15.  1883.    ! 

113  South  Carolina  Synod,  To        South        Carolina 

March  23,  1877.  Synod,  Oct.,  1879. 

114 

115 To     District     Svnod     of 

Ohio,  April,  1878. 
116 


172 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


Names  of  Ministers. 


Licensed,  Where,  When, 
by  Whom. 


Ordained,  Where,  When, 
by  Whom. 


117 

118 
119 
120 
121 
122 
123 
124 
125 

126 
127 
128 
129 
130 

J31 

132 

z33 
*34 


W.J.  Smith. 
B.  S.  Brown. 


Frieden's    Church,   May   5,    1878,   North 
Carolina  Synod. 


Frieden's    Church,   May   5,   1878,   North 
Carolina  Synod. 

D.  J.  Koontz  (colored).., |Mt.  Pleasant,  May  1, 1880,  North  Carolina 

I     Synod. 
S.  T.  Hallman,  D.  D....]St.  Paul's  Church,  Newberry  Co.,  Oct.  Walhalla,  S.  C,  Oct.  17, 1869,  South  Caro- 
19,  1868,  South  Carolina  Synod.  I     Una  Synod. 

Oct.  30,  i860,  Virginia  Synod Augusta  Co.,Va.,  Oct.  20,  1861,  by  Vir- 
ginia Synod. 

Apollo,  Pa.,   fall    of    1873,    Pittsburgh: By  Pittsburgh  Synod,  1876 

Synod. 
1877,  by  Southwestern  Virginia  Synod.  Smyth  Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  25,  1878,  by  South 

,     western  Virginia  Synod. 

Pottstown,    Pa.,  1879,  by  Ministerium  of 

Pennsylvania. 


J.  D.  Shirey,  D.  D 

F.  W   F.  Peschau,  D.  D 
J.  L.  Buck 

Thomas  H.  Strohecker. 


T.S.Brown ; Washington,    D.    C,    Oct.,    1881,    by 

I     Maryland  Synod. 

Nathan  Clapp  (colored) 

Samuel  Holt  (colored). 

J.  M.  Hedrick 

C.  A.  Rose 

J.  C.  F.  Rupp 

W.  Stoudenmire 


J.  W.  Strickler I  May    20,    1882,   Southwestern    Virginia 

i     Synod. 

Madison,  Va.,  April,  1877,  Southwestern 
Virginia  Synod. 


W.  G.  Campbell 
W.  R.Brown... 


H.  A.  Trexler. 


Clover  Hollow,  Giles  Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  27, 
1882,  by  Southwestern  Virginia  Synod. 

Augusta  Co.,  Va. ,  Aug.,  1877,  by  Virginia 
Synod. 

Easton,  Pa.,  June  22, 1886,  by  Ministerium 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Easton,  Pa.,  June  22,1886,  by  Ministerium 
of  Pennsylvania. 

St.  Michael's  Church,  Iredell,  May  3, 1887, 
North  Carolina  Synod. 

Holston  Synod,  Sept.  25,  1872.  ► 

J.  G.  Schaidt . Pennsylvania  Ministerium,  1875. 

B.  W.  Cronk Botetourt    Co.,    Va.,    Aug.,    1884,    by  Salem,  Va.,  Aug.,  1885,  by  Southwestern 

Southwestern  Virginia  Synod.  Virginia  Synod. 

(Sandy  Creek  Church,  July  10, 1887,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 
[Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  7,  1887,  by  Minis- 
terium of  Pennsylvania. 

IConcordia  Church,  Sept.  17,  1887,  North 

Carolina  Synod. 
Lancaster,  Pa.,  June,  1888,  by  Ministerium 


C.B.King St.   John's    Church,   Wythe  Co.,   Va., 

1885,  Southwestern  Virginia  Synod. 

George  H.  Cox,  D.  D 


Clover  Hollow,  Va.,  Aug.,  1882,  by  South- 
western Virginia  Synod. 


1884,  North  Carolina  Synod. 
1884,  North  Carolina  Synod. 


Clover   Hollow,  Va.,  Aug.,  1881,   South- 
western Virginia  Synod. 


D.  W.  Michael 

S.  L.  Keller 

C.  B.  Miller 

J.  H.  Wyse 

C.  A.  Brown 

C.  A.  Marks I1876,  by  Virginia  Synod 

H.  C.  Haithcox,  D.  D.  .  

J.  Q.  Wertz 


of  Pennsylvania 

Salisbury,  Aug.  29,  1889,  North  Carolina 
Synod. 

Giles  Co.,  Va.,  Aug.,  1877,  by  Southwest- 
ern Virginia  Synod. 

Danville,  Pa.,  June  16, 1873,  Susquehanna 
Synod. 

Orangeburg,  S.  C.,  Oct.,  1881,  South  Caro- 
lina Synod. 


TABULATED    SKETCH    OF    MINISTERS    CONNECTED    WITH    THE    SYNOD. 


173 


Admitted  to 

North  Carolina 

Synod,  Whence, 

When. 


Removed,  How, 
When. 


Age. 
Yrs.Mos.Dys. 


Buried. 


To  Southwestern  Vir- 
ginia Synod,  March  20, 
1883. 


South  Carolina  Synod, 

May  29,  1880. 
South  Carolina  Synod, 

May  2,  1883. 
Middle      Tennessee 

Synod,  May  3,  1882. 
Southwestern   Virginia 

Synod,  May  3,  1882. 
Pennsylvania       Minis- 

terium.  May  3,  1S82. 
Southwestern   Virginia 

Synod,  May  2,  1883. 


Died   May  27,  1890. 

To        South         Carolina 

Synod,  Oct.  22,  1883. 
Died  April  5,  1896 

To     Pittsburgh     Synod, 

April  18.  1893. 
To      Southwestern     ^  ir- 

ginia  Synod,  1889. 


Concord,  N.  C First   President  of  Al- 
pha Synod. 


[i     20      Mt.  Pleasant,  N.  C. 


To  Southwestern  Vir- 
ginia Synod,  April  19. 
1892. 

Organizer  of  Alpha 
1     Synod,  May  8,  1889. 

Organizer  of  Alpha 
Synod,  May  8,  1889. 

Died  Feb.  17,  1895 50 


Moved  to  Ontario,  Can- 
ada. 
Dropped  May  3,  1892. 


Pennsylvania       Minis- 
terium,  Aug.  10,  1886. 


135 1  Pennsylvania       Minis- 

I    terium,  Sept.  21, 1886. 

i36| 


To  Southwestern  Vir- 
ginia Synod,  1890. 

To  Susquehanna  Synod, 
July  13,  1893. 

To  Southwestern  Vir- 
ginia  Synod,  Dec.  20, 


Holston    Synod,    Dec. 

10,  1887. 
Holston    Synod,    May 

3,  1888. 
Southwestern   Virginia 

Synod,  May  31, 1887. 


Pennsylvania       Minis- 
terium,  Feb.  1,  1888. 


Pennsylvania       Minis- 
terium,  Nov.  26, 1888. 


South  Carolina  Sj'nod, 
I     May  2,  1890. 
East  Ohio  Synod,  May 
I     2,  1890. 

South  Carolina  Synod, 
I     May  2,  1890. 


To     Tennessee     Synod, 

1890. 
To        South        Carolina 

Synod,  March  19, 1894. 
To  Virginia  Synod,  Dec. 

3,  I895-  i 

To        South        Carolina! 

Synod,  1890. 


To        South        Carolina 
Synod,  1890. 


To  Virginia  Synod,  Feb.' 

17,  1896. 
To      Northern       Illinois 

Synod,  Dec.  9,  1890. 


Virginia   Svnod,    Aug. 
16,  1884. ' 

Southwestern   Virginia  Died  July  2,  1899 42       3 

Synod,  July  9,  1884 

Pittsburgh       Synod, 
April  24,  1885. 

Maryland   Synod,  No- 
vember 13,  1884. 

Southwestern   Virginia  ' 
Synod,  Dec.  18,  18   _ 

Alleghany  Synod, July. 


Charlotteville,  Va. 

21       Lutheran  Chapel, 
N.  C. 


President  of  Elizabeth 
Female  College  at 
Charlotte. 


174 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


153 
154 

155 
IS6 
*S7 
158 

*59 

160 

161 
162 
163 
164 

rf5 
166 
167 
168 
169 
170 
171 
172 
173 
i74 
^5 
176 
177 


Names  of  Ministers. 


Licensed,  Where,  When, 
by  Whom. 


C.  L.  T.  Fisher Taney  town,     Md.,      1884,      Maryland 

I     Synod. 
W.  P.  Phifer  (colored) .  .  Licentiate  of  Maryland  Synod 


W.  S.  Bowman,  D.  D. .  . ; Martin sburg,  Va.,  Dec.  3, 1853,  Virginia 
I     Synod. 

Peter  Miller [New   Market,   Va.,  Oct.   26,  1858,   by  [Oct.  22,  i860,  by  Virginia  Synod 

Virginia  Synod. 


Ordained,  Where,  When, 
by  Whom. 


Baltimore,  fall  of  1885,  Maryland  Synod. 

Charlotte,  April  28,  1890,  North  Carolina 
Synod. 


Woodstock,  Va.,   Oct.   20,  1856,  Virginia 
Synod 


C.  C.  Lyerly March,  1881,  Southern  Illinois  Synod.. , 

W.  A.  Deaton I , 

M.  Wolf. 


H.  M.  Petrea... 
J.  H.  C.  Fisher  . 
W.  P.  Huddle.. 
R.  L.  Bame  . . .  . 


W.  H.  Stutts. 
KarlBoldt... 


St.  John's  Church,  Illinois,  1886,  by  South 
ern  Illinois  Synod. 

St.  Enoch's  Church,  May   3,  1891,   North 
Carolina  Synod. 


M.  G.  G.  Scherer 

B.  H.W.  Runge 

H.  E.  H.  Sloop 

V.  Y.  Boozer 

H.  W.  Jeffcoat 

J.  D.  Shealy 

P.  H.  E.  Derrick 

H.N.  Miller,  Ph.D.... 

H.  A.  McCullough 

L.  E.  Busby,  D.  D 

S.  D.  Steffey 

W.  B.  Oney 

C.  L.Miller 

G.  A.  Riser 

C.  B.  Cox 

A.  G.  Voigt,  D.  D 

R.  C.  Holland,  D.  D... 


;St.  Paul's  Church,  Rowan,  May  3,  1892, 

North  Carolina  Synod. 
Martinsburg,  W.  Va.,  Oct.  7,1889,  by  Washington,  D.  C,  Oct.  9, 1890,  Maryland 

Maryland  Synod.  j     Synod. 

Salem,  Va.,  Aug.  25,  1885,  by  South-Pembroke,    Va.,   Aug.   19,   Southwestern 
western  Virginia  Synod.  ,      Virginia  Synod. 

(Lutheran    (.  hapel,    May    5,    1893,    North 

Carolina  Synod. 

1  Lutheran    Chapel,   May    5,   1893,   North 

Carolina  Synod. 
Oswego,     N.    Y.,    Sept.    9,    1889,    bylRed    Hook,   N.   Y.,   Sept.    28,   1890,   by 
Synod     of     New     York     and     New:     Synod  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 
Jersey. 
New  Market,  Va.,  Oct.  1,  1882,  by  Vir-  Waynesboro,  Va.,  Oct.  14,  1883,  by  Vir- 
ginia Synod.  ■     ginia  Synod. 

St.   Paul's   Church,  Wilmington,  June  2, 

1895. 
Bethel  Church,  Rowan,  Aug.  23, 1894. . .  . 

Bethel  Church,  Rowan,  Aug.  23,  1894. 

Bethel  Church,  Rowan,  Aug.  23,  1894...  . 

Union    Church,    Lexington    Co.,    S.    C, 
1891,  by  South  Carolina  Synod. 


Baltimore,  Md.,  Oct.  5,  1893,  by  Mary-  Frostburg,  Md.,  Oct.  n,  1894,  by  Mary- 
land Synod.  land  Synod. 

St.  Michael's   Church,   Lexington  Co.,  S. 

C.,Oct.  27, 1895,  South  Carolina  Synod. 


Salem,  Va.,  Aug.,  1889,  by  Southwest- Burke's  Garden,Va.,  Aug.,  1892,  by  South 

ern  Virginia  Synod.  I     western  Virginia  Synod. 

Burke's  Garden,Va.,  Aug.,  1881,  South-[Clover  Hollow,  Va.,  Aug.,  1882,  South- 
western Virginia  Synod.  I     western  Virginia  Synod. 

Burlington,  May  1,  1898,  North  Carolina 

I     Synod. 

1  Burlington,  May  1,  1898,  North  Carolina 

I     Synod. 
Organ  Church,  July  6, 1898,  North  Carolina 

Synod. 
Norristown,   Pa.,  May  22,  1883,  Pennsyl- 
vania Ministerium. 

Aurora,  W.  Va.,  Oct.  1868,  by  Virginia  Hebron  Church,  Madison  Co.,  Va.,  Oct., 
Synod.  1869,  Virginia  Synod. 


TABULATED    SKETCH     OF    MINISTERS    CONNECTED    WITH    THE    SYNOD. 


!75 


gj    |         Admitted  to 

a    i     North  Carolina             Removed,  How,                  age. 

s         Synod,  Whhnce,     <                 When.                  ,.      ,,      ^                 Buried. 

Remarks. 

S                  When.                                                            Yrs.Mos.Dys. 

Z  \ 

148  Nebraska  Synod,  May 

1     2,  1890. 

the  Alpha  Svnod,  May 

8,  1889. 

150  Georgia  Synod,  May  1,  Died  March  26,  1900. ...      69       7     23      Charleston,  S.  C. 

1     l89J- 

i5ijVirginia    Synod,    Oct.  To      Southwestern     \  ir- 

30,  1890.                             ginia   Svnod,  Jan.    15, 

1894. 

152  Southern      Illinois           To  Central  and  Southern 

I     Synod,  June  6,  1890.      Illinois  Synod,  Dec.  7, 

l897-„ 

Synod,  Sept.  28,  1891. 

154  New   York    and    New  Died  March  5,  1899 Poplar  Mount,  N.C. 

|     Jersey    Synod,  June 

28,  1890. 

|                                              Aug.  29,  1S93. 

i56i  Maryland      Synod, 

|     March  24,  1892. 

157  Southwestern   Virginia  To        Yirginia       Synod, 

Synod,  May  2,  1893.       March  24,  1897. 

158 To        Central         Illinois 

,     Synod,        Nov.         30, 
l894; 

terium,  April  25,  1894. 

160  South  Carolina  Synod,  To        South        Carolina 

1     May  3, 1894.                     Synod,  Jan.  19, 1898. 

161  West         Pennsylvania  To        South        Carolina 

1     Synod,  May  3,  1894.       Synod,  Sept.  5.  1899. 

_ 

6,  1896. 

164 

165 

166  South  Carolina  Synod,  To        South         Carolina 

1     Nov.  27,  1894. 

Synod,  Dec.  3.  1895. 

167  Georgia  Synod,  Julv  6, 

To        South         Carolina 

1895. 

Synod,  Jan.  19,  1899. 

168  Maryland  Synod,  Sept. 

30,  1895. 

169  South  Carolina  Synod, 

To        South         Carolina 

April  17,  1896. 

Synod,  Aug.  11, 1898. 

170  South  Carolina  Synod, 

May  4,  1896. 

171  Southwestern   Yirginia 

Synod.  June  10, 1896. 

172  Southwestern   Yirginia 

To       Yirginia        Synod, 

,    Synod,  March  9, 1897. 

April  20,  1900. 

!73 : 

To     Tennessee     Synod, 
May  18,  1898. 

174 

To  Virginia  Synod,  Oct. 
16,  1899. 

175 

To     Holston     Synod, 
March  11,  1901. 

i76South  Carolina  Synod, 

June  17,  1898. 

177  South  Carolina  Synod, 

1        1     June  30,  1898. 

1 

176 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


Names  of  Ministers. 


P.  L.  Miller 
P.  J.  Wade. 


Licensed,  Where,  When, 
ey  Whom. 


Lebanon,  Va.,  Aug.  23,  1891,  Virginia 

Synod. 
Ceres,  Va.,  Aug.,  1889,  by  Southwestern 

Virginia  Synod. 

East    Radford,    Va.,    Aug.,    1896,    by 
Southwestern  Virginia  Synod. 


New  Market,  Va.,  Aug.  25,  1895,  by  Vir 
ginia  Synod. 

St.  Peter's  Church,  West  Virginia,  Oct., 
1891,  by  Potomac  Conference  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Synod. 

Rural  Retreat,  Va.,  Aug.  19,  1898,  by 
Southwestern  Virginia  Synod. 

Augusta  Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  23,  1896,  by  Vir- 
ginia Synod. 

Newberry  Co.,  S.  C,  Oct.  19,  1899,  by 
South  Carolina  Synod. 

Salem,  Va.,  Aug.  1885,  by  Southwestern 
Virginia  Synod. 

Holly  Grove,  N.  C.,  1889,  by  Tennessee 
Synod. 
Rural   Retreat,   Va.,   1893,   by    South-  Blueridge   Springs,  Va.,  1897,  by  South- 
western Virginia  Synod.  J     western  Virginia  Synod. 
C.  R.  W.  Kegley j .Salem,  Va.,  Aug.  18,  1901,  by  Southwest- 

I     ern  Virginia  Synod. 


E.  W.Leslie 

R.  A.  Helms 

W.  W.  J.  Ritchie ' 

E.  L.  Folk '  Botetourt     Co.,    Va.,    May,    1885,    by 

[     Southwestern  Virginia  Synod. 
J.P.Miller 


185  W.  A.  Dutton  . 


Ordained,  Where,  When, 
by  Whom. 


TABULATED    SKETCH     OF    MINISTERS    CONNECTED    WITH    THE    SYNOD. 


177 


s 

S3 

z 

178 
179 

180 
181 

182 

U83 
184 

U 
186 


Admitted  to 

North  Carolina 

Synod,  Whence, 

When. 


Removed,  How, 
When. 


Remarks. 


Ohio   Synod,  July   22,1  To    Wittenberg    Synod, 
1898.  I     March  19,  1901. 

Southwestern  Virginia1 
Synod,  Sept.  15, 1898. 

Southwestern   Virginia 

Synod,  April  8,  1899. 
Virginia    Synod,    July) 

11,  1899. 
South  Carolina  Synod, 

Dec.  7,  1899. 
Virginia    Synod,    Jan. 

26,  1901. 
TennesseeSynod,  Dec. 

23,  1900. 
Southwestern   Virginia 

Synod,  May  19, 1900. 
Southwestern   Virginia 

Synod,  Aug.  18, 1901.1 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

THE  GROWTH  OF  THE  SYNOD  IN  THE  NUMBER  OF    ITS  MINISTERS. 


A.  D. 


803 
803 
804 
806 
809 
8lO 
8ll 
8l2 

813 
814 

815 
816 

817 
819 
820 
821 
822 
823 
824 
825 
826 
827 
828 
829 
830 


833 
834 
835 
836 

837 
838 

839 

840 


843 
844 
845 
846 
847 
848 
849 
850 


Minis- 
ters. 


10 
II 
II 

8 
6 

7 
7 


15 

7 


7 
10 

9 
9 


Candi- 
dates. 


5 
6 
6 

5 
11 

7 
9 
9 
5 
5 
4 
4 


Cate- 

chets. 


3 
2 

7 

7 

6 

10 

6 
6 
5 
5 


Licen- 
tiates. 


Total. 


5 

7 

7 

7 

11 
12 
14 
17 
22 

23 

25 

25' 

26 

22 

20 

20 

19 
11 
10 
15 
15 
15 
16 

19 
19 
12 
11 
11 
11 
15 
13 
13 
13 
16 

14 
10 


12 
12 
12 

12 


Remarks. 


Convention  organized. 


No  change  reported. 
No  change  reported. 


Tennessee  Synod  was  formed. 


South  Carolina  Synod  organized. 


Minutes  very  incomplete. 
Catechets  no  longer  admitted. 


Synod    of  (Southwestern 
ginia  was  formed. 


Vir- 


(178) 


GROWTH    OF    SYNOD    IN    NUMBER    OF    ITS    MINISTERS. 


179 


A.  D. 


Minis-  Candi-  I  Cate-    Licen-   Total 
ters.    !  dates.  1  chets.     tiates. 


1 85 1 

8 

1852 

10 

185.1 

10 

1854 

10 

I8SS 

12 

I8S6 

12 

1857 

i.l 

1858 

1.1 

IHSQ 

16 

i860 

18 

1861 

18 

1862 

19 

1863 

21 

1864 

16 

186S 

14 

1866 

17 

1867 

14 

1868 

16 

1869 

19 

1870 

IS 

1871 

14 

1872 

18 

1873 

20 

1874 

19 

187s 

22 

1876 

19 

1877 

23 

1878 

21 

1879 

23 

18S0 

23 

1881 

24 

1882 

27 

1883 

29 

1884 

2S 

188S 

29 

1886 

28 

1887 

IO 

1888 

.IS 

1889 

32 

1890 

.14 

1891 

.16 

1892 

37 

189.1 

.18 

1894 

.12 

1895 

ss 

1896 

34 

1897 

14 

1898 

36 

1899 

39 

1900 

14 

190J  I  35 


14 
14 
13 

13 
15 
17 
17 
18 
21 
23 


18 

15 
18 

16 

19 
22 
18 

17 
18 
20 

19 
22 

19 

23 
23 
23 
23 
24 
27 
29 
25 
29 


Remarks. 


The  licensure  system  abolished. 


Colored  ministers  admitted. 


Colored    ministers    formed    the 
Alpha  .Synod. 


Heavy  losses  by  death  and  re- 
movals. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

A    SUMMARY    OF     PAROCHIAL    REPORTS. 


_A 

Bap 

tisms, 

1 

J3 

3  </i 

B  *    1 

— 

*! 

u 

2 

3 

"3 

ii3 

u   e  - 

1 

"2  "8 

— 
0 

t> 

J3 

0  ° 

■v 

0  "  -c 

I      3 

gw 

V 

> 

O 

u 

< 

" 

u  < 

1    fc 

m 

H 

Cfi 

1803 

1810 

27 

1812 

36 

13 

414 

141  • 

1813 

28 

768 

266  . 

1814 

16 

868 

266  . 

.  22 

1815 

22 

473 

133  ■ 

•  36 

1816 

87 

924 

454  • 

.  80 

1817 

67 

1060 

442  . 

.  62 

5 

1819 

67 

975 

518. 

■  94 

1820 

83 

1019 

446  . 

•  75 

1821 

39 

578 

189. 

.  107 

1822 

11 

606 

237  • 

.  122 

1823 

13 

434 

220  . 

•  72 

1824 

6 

312 

112  . 

•  5° 

1825 

24 

1335 

14 

461 

223  . 

.  80 

1826 

37 

1393 

11 

453 

149  • 

.  120 

1827 

34 

1509 

35 

613 

198  . 

.  128 

1828 

39 

1927 

26 

667 

245  • 

.  126 

.'.'.'. 

1829 

40 

1794 

36 

492 

357  • 

.  122 

1830 

45 

1888 

29 

636 

264  . 

•  98 

13 

250 

1831 

33 

1732 

13 

493 

217  . 

•  94 

14 

1832 

1833 

1994 

2 

441 

144  . 

•  7i 

2 

71 

1834 

24 

1621 

18 

387 

233  • 

•  !  71 

6 

71 

1835 

23 

1572 

19 

321 

155  • 

•  75 

13 

1836 

19 

1789 

11 

289 

"3  • 

•  40 

16 

'68 

440 

1837 

26 

1759 

8 

356 

213  . 

•  7i 

10 

22 

605 

1838 

36 

2024 

17 

321 

223  . 

•  77 

12 

6 

465 

1839 

22 

1641 

11 

322 

190  . 

.  46 

14 

3i 

655; 

1840 

37 

1 886 

1 

361 

176  . 

•  98 

10 

26 

450 

1841 

35 

2343 

5 

344 

130  . 

.  120 

11 

37 

543 

1842 

23 

1929 

1 1 

273 

169  . 

•  83 

7 

15 

345 

1843 

17 

1463 

93 

56. 

•  76 

4 

12 

85 

1844 

21 

1882 

9 

185 

238 

87  . 

.  122 

3 

1845 

17 

2093 

20 

3i6. 

■  158 

3 

28 

152 

1846 

21 

2272 

11 

205 

161  . 

•  154 

5 

35 

196 

1847 

24 

2082 

23 

229 

174  1 

2  97 

4 

1848 

30 

2523 

26 

236 

217  . 

.  129 

7 

9 

60 

1849 

23 

2215 

22 

264 

199  s 

7  59 

.2 

80 

1850 

26 

2482 

39 

294 

281  - 

6  68 

5 

201 

1851 

35 

2472 

18 

264 

161 

7  5i 

6 

No  report. 

First    published    list    of 

congregations. 
First  report. 


54  slaves  baptized. 
40  slaves  baptized. 
7    slaves    and   1    Indian 

baptized. 
1 1  slaves  baptized. 

3  slaves  baptized. 


No  report. 


25  received  by  letter. 
47  received  by  letter. 
2  received  by  letter. 
4  received  by  letter. 
9  received  by  letter. 
S.W.Va.  Synod  formed. 
17  received  by  letter. 
14  received  by  letter. 
27  received  by  letter. 
12  received  by  letter. 

20  received  by  letter. 


(180) 


SUMMARV    OF    PAROCHIAL    REPORTS. 


181 


. 

Bap 

isms. 

- 

3  t/i 

1? 

2 

2 

Jg 

1   | 

H 

|   J 

Remarks. 

rf 

3 

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3 

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— 

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> 

28 

0 

2587 

< 

— 

u 

<  fa 

cfl 

—   tn 

1852 

41 

200 

196 

39  77 

10 

25  160 

1853 

25 

2513 

41 

229 

251 

26  61 

4 

11   90 

1854 

29 

2812 

30 

239 

162 

16  69 

4 

1855 

26 

2697 

39 

176 

212 

25  96 

10 

20  163 

1856 

25 

2682 

31 

200 

104 

32  115 

10 

37  335 

1857 

28 

2620 

29 

131 

1S9 

50  96 

13 

40  45 » 

1858 

32 

3360 

92 

265 

246 

80137 

18 

5°  380 

1859 

24 

3171 

68 

233 

414 

58  117 

26 

120  799 

i860 

38 

3942 

65 

253 

114 

50  102 

29 

So  595 

1861 

39 

4083 

60 

301 

258 

49  97 

33 

170  1 22 1 

1862 

38 

4250 

73 

332 

318 

41  162 

21 

97  644 

1863 

38 

4055 

26 

251 

96 

26317 

23 

113  677 

1864 

37 

4110 

59 

178 

315 

42  226 

12 

71  416 

1865 

Few  ministers  present. 

No  report. 

1866 

32 

3109 

75 

159 

210 

16  222 

11  33    250 

1867 

32 

3471 

63 

139 

200 

34  53  «   88  752 

1 868 

33 

3351 

37 

191 

161 

140  68  20 

119  782 

1869 

33 

3903 

72 

173 

178 

50  73 

15 

92  725 

1S70 

39 

4201 

97 

299 

254 

77  S5 

28 

1S81576 

1871 

3i 

3555 

35 

253 

153 

109  105 

23 

177  1335 

1872 

40 

4266 

44 

220 

150 

62  78  2 

152  1150 

1873 

36 

3843 

23 

137 

"5 

60  82 

14 

119  809 

1874  41 

4201 

28 

238 

162 

So  101 

24 

169  1345 

1875  37 

4131 

62 

283 

379  145  100 

24 

167  1211 

187635 

3320 

5° 

251 

183  55  96 

26 

198  1380 

1877  41 

4170 

33 

297 

213  91  139 

28 

21S  1684 

187843 

45  oS 

38 

322 

212  70134 

30 

266  1884 

187944 

4S06 

77 

377 

315 

63  131 

35 

3202559 

1880 

48 

4689 

36 

386 

190 

64  123 

32 

267  1872 

1S81 

5o 

4823 

29 

294 

223  124  106 

29 

279  1875 

1882 

55 

4833 

29 

324 

176 

72  98 

28 

267  1741 

1883 

56 

4670 

45 

359 

322 

93  114 

313  2708 

1884 

47 

4145 

3i 

381 

217 

84106 

339  2784 

1885 

44 

410S 

18 

3i5 

204 

74  112 

233  2149 

1S86 

50 

4150 

25 

343 

287 

86  133  ...  ■ 

107  2596 

1887 

49 

4613 

46 

3i8 

293 

140  146 

283  3208 

1888 

51 

4524 

62 

388 

258 

102  153 

348  3640 

1889 

53 

6310 

36 

343 

294 

l33    55 

44 

536346i 

1890 

54 

6162 

44 

332 

306 

89  77 

55 

429  5757 

1891 

52 

6519 

47 

4i5 

307 

109  78 

5° 

600  4902 

1S92 

53 

690S 

21 

368 

329 

121  87 

5° 

627  4947 

1893 

53* 

6844 

49 

434 

274  I36,  72  49 

602  4791 

1894 

sn 

7116 

4i 

269 

37S  109  86  56  663  4834 

1S95 

57 

7077 

3i 

3°3 

326204  67  52  6605125 

1896 

62 

70S7 

39 

330 

278  152  102  57  691  5262 

1897 

60 

7136 

29 

35i 

219  115  99 

58  6S05314 

1898 

53 

6392 

37 

297 

277  129  89 

54  643  5290 

1899 

60 

7347 

*3 

353 

283  141  78  59 

9035705 

1900 

62 

8167 

40 

415 

256209  118  54 

637  5244 

1901 

58 

8i73 

17 

352 

296 

168  90 

5° 

664  5469 

CHAPTER   XIX. 

A    SUMMARY    OF    FINANCIAL    REPORTS. 


Date. 

"5 

■3 

0 
c 
>. 

a 

1 

i 

XI 

s 

c 
0 

3.2 

w 

a 

0 

-a 
W 

c 
c 

he 
U 

OJ 

c 

> 
c 

a! 
O 
H 

Remarks. 

1811 

$43  4° 
53  20 
27  05 
41  01 
40  85 
39  9° 
47  7° 

$70   44 

$113  84 
53  20 
173  75 
41  01 
40  85 
39  9° 
47  7° 

1812 

1813 

1814 

1815 

1816 

146  70 

1817 

1818 

No  Synod  held. 

1819 

234  12 

51  00 
49  IO 

58  60 

70  66 
47  45 
25  94 
62  01 

62  19 
85  07 
96  17 

59  78 

63  06 
41  52 
39  92 

45  °6 

46  84 

47  21 
94  24 
74  46 

69  87 
66  50 
62  18 

48  74 
33  *7 

41  81 
S8  06 
57  28 

52  24 

42  72 
5°  49 
52  97 

64  79 

60  09 
64  89 

71  06 
88  42 
77  63 

70  62 

$246  75 

480  87 
51  00 

49  IO 
58  '60 
70  66 
93  °5 
25  94 
62  01 

62  19 
85  °7 
96  17 

74  °3 
152  65 
41  52 
56  09 
76  00 

63  84 
58  71 

655  94 
3"  46 
378  75 
34°  85 

256  39 
105  75 

99  i° 

257  11 

235  24 

131  96 
157  82 

132  63 
163  73 
189  19 
132  25 
208  90 
197  52 
187  40 
487  86 
«8  ?8 

1821. .. 

1823 

1824 

1825 

1826. .. 

45  60 

1827 

1828. .. 

1829 

1830 

1831 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 

1841 

1842 

1843 

*§44 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 

T850 

14  25 
89  59 

16  17 

3°  94 

17  00 
11  50 
31  00 

* 

84  43 
no  85 
69  21 
35  49 

34  03 

40  55 

41  97 

35  68 

77  °8 

78  08 
56  74 

136  22 

1 

53°  7° 
237  00 
224  45 
163  5o 
125  00 
21  52 
31  9° 
174  75 
155  21 
39  °° 
28  50 
11  83 
56  5° 

1851 

1852 

1853 

T854 

1855 

1856 
1857  

JS67  46 

148  81 

73  11 
80  31 
36  19 
64  50 
67  33 

#59  52 

$36  03 

363  25 

27  00 

695  69'  860  64 

*  Education  added. 
(182) 


SUMMARY    OF    FINANCIAL    REPORTS. 


183 


Date. 


1858. 
1859. 

i860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 


Remarks. 


Sioo  70 §i*,4  89 

105  55! *43i  85 


I°»  35 

118  22 

119  99 
215  00 
572  5o 


353  15 
2'3  94 
3°5  49 
763  19 
t 


f22I40    OO 


$251  61    fe37 
357  25  23034 


695  25  1027 

485  80  911 

616  20  1594 

2627  00  3199 


Only  Home  Mission 
Society. 


1866 109  18 

1867 129  68 

1868 !  79  05 

l869 I  92  95 

l87° :  293  77 

1871 400  17 

l872 J  497  35 

l873 426  19 

l874 !  3J9  67 

1875 I  213  59 

l876 ;  413  7i 

I§77 342  93 

1878 37648 

1879 413  40 

1880 417  85 

1881 502  90 

1882 560  52 

1883 736  60 

1884 367  24 

1885   (  303  71 

1886 :  342  10 

1887 282  75 

1888 i  285  38 

1889 307  60 

1890 1  305  91 

18  ii I  265  27 

1892 j  279  65 

l893 251  31 

1894   ,  246  60 

1895 i  272  59 

1896 556  q8 

^7 !  449  34 

1898 567  36 

18^9 451  80 

1900 506  1 8 

1  joi 538  18 


14  5° 
27  00 
52  00 


Confederate  money. 
Confederate  money. 
Confederate  money. 
No  report.    Few  min- 
isters present. 


^153  00 
§134  r5 

356  35 


|ji8  00 

!:334  6° 

1,67  5i 

338  02 


109 
3*5 

574 


5°4  85 


958  32 


Incomplete. 
Reports  mixed. 
Reports  mixed. 
All  objects  included. 
All  objects  included. 

515  65   119  00      348  24  All  objects  included. 

All  objects  included. 


40  00 


426 
359 


277  69 
506  51 
443  16 
753  66 
766  16 
786  07 
651  88 
604  77 
685  62 
714  91 
855  15 
956  33 
881  25 
708  61 
973  32 
912  27 

653  *3 

670  44 

585  93 


$174  36 
73  7° 
733  29 
22  47 
136  52 
204  25 
168  00 
509  10 
291  20 

429  91 
1429  89 

"3  57 
276  18 
380  34 
331  54 
556  36 
239  16 
146  37 
60  05 

135  36 
122  58 
224  25 
152  61 
400  03 


467  17 

187  15 

130  22 

265  10 

571  47 

1226  97 

1726  13 

1451  98 

1270  68 

713  68 

1 140  80 

421  54 

614  54 

356  68 

348  38 

161  15 

489  31 

1329  23 

1544  15 


434 
447 
55° 
487 
1151 
525 
697 
1685 
1228 
1386 
1652 
2050 
3728 
2799 
2658 
2601 
2039 
2803 
1863 
1914 


Missions  included. 
Missions  included. 
Missions  included. 
Missions  included. 
Missions  included. 


1764 
1818 
2658 


*  Mission  only. 


t  North  Carolina  College  Endowed. 
§  General  Synod  delegates.  ||   General. 


X  No  report. 


OTHER  FINANCIAL  REPORTS. 

18S3  contains  the  report  of  the  first  Church  Extension  Fund  collection,  which  has  done  much  good, 
and  is  in  a  prosperous  condition  ;  but  as  the  figures  are  evidently  reported  wrong  at  times,  they 
cannot  be  embodied  here.     State  of  funds  in  1900,  §1923.90. 

1886  the  Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Societies  were  organized,  which  have  been  very 
successful  in  all  these  years,  raising  over  §1000.00  annually  at  the  present  time. 


1 84 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA    SYNOD. 


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TABLE    OF     SYNODICAL    MEETINGS. 


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CHAPTER  XXI. 

THE    OFFICERS    OF    SYNOD. 


DATE. 

PRESIDENT. 

SECRETARY. 

TREASURER. 

1803.    R« 

v.  J.  G.  Arndt.          Re 

■v.  R.  J.  Miller. 

No  Treasurer. 

1804.        ' 

'    Paul  Henkel.            ' 

<          "          << 

a 

1 1 

1806.        < 

'     C.  A.  G.  Storch. 

'     Christoph  Bernhardt. 

tt 

a 

1809.        < 

i              a                  a                     t 

'     Ludwig  Markert. 

" 

a 

l8lO.        < 

<              "                  "                     ' 

'     Gottlieb  Schober. 

" 

" 

l8ll.        ' 

t             a                 a                   i 

'     Philip  Henkel. 

" 

" 

l8l2.        < 

<    R.  J.  Miller. 

'     G.  Schober. 

Re\ 

.  G.  Schober. 

1813.        < 

'    C.  A.  G.  Storch. 

tt 

tt         t 

1814.        ' 

i             a                 a                    < 

<      "          " 

i  t 

"         ' 

I8I5.        < 

'    Philip  Henkel. 

'     Jacob  Scherer. 

a 

1 1         t 

I8l6.        ' 

'    C.  A.  G.  Storch. 

'    G.  Schober. 

1 1 

"          ' 

1817.        ' 

i                      it                             it                        \          t 

'      "          " 

" 

a             t 

1819.        ' 

t                      it                              it                        '         t 

<      <<          << 

it 

a             t 

1820.        ' 

'                        "                              "                                   < 

i        a              a 

tt 

"              ' 

l82I.        ' 

'     G.  Schober.               ' 

'    Jacob  Scherer. 

a 

1 1             t 

1822.        ' 

t          tt                            < 

'        "           " 

" 

it             t 

1823.        < 

<    C.  A.  G.  Storch. 

1       "          " 

« 

"             ' 

1824.        ' 

'    Jacob  Scherer.           ' 

'     Daniel  Scherer. 

(i 

a             t 

1825.        < 

'     G.  Schober.               ' 

'    Jacob  Scherer. 

" 

"              ' 

1826.        ' 

(It                    4£ 

" 

"             ' 

1827.        ' 

'        "           " 

1 1 

"              ' 

1828.        ' 

'    Jolm  Reck. 

1 1 

"             ' 

1829.        < 

t        a        a 

tt 

it             t 

1830.        < 

t        a        a 

tt 

1 1             t 

1831.        < 

'     Henry  Graeber. 

" 

a             t 

1832.        ' 

'     Henry  Graeber.    j    ' 

'    William  Artz. 

Mr. 

Theobald  Lentz. 

I833-        ' 

'          "              "            j     ' 

'          "            " 

i  ( 

"               " 

1834.        < 

'           "              "                 ' 

'          "           " 

Re\ 

.  S.  Rothrock. 

I835-        ' 

'    Jacob  Scherer.       |    ' 

'     Henry  Graeber. 

" 

William  Artz. 

1836.        ' 

'     William  Artz.            ' 

<          11           a 

Col 

John  Smith. 

l837-        ' 

'     Henry  Graeber.    :    ' 

'     S.  Rothrock. 

Mr. 

Theobald  Lentz. 

1838.        < 

'    William  Artz. 

t      a             .4 

M.  Barrier. 

1839.        < 

«           "          "                < 

t      <<             a 

Col 

J.  Shimpoch. 

1840.        ' 

'     S.  Rothrock.              ' 

'     P.  A.  Strobel. 

Mr. 

D.  M.  Isenhauer. 

184I.        ' 

'     K.  Graeber.               ' 

<     J.  D.  Scheck. 

" 

A.  Richard. 

1842.        ' 

'     J.  D.  Scheck. 

'     W.  G.  Harter. 

" 

"          " 

1843.        ' 

'     William  Artz.            ' 

t             a               tt 

Col 

J.  Shimpoch. 

1844.        < 

i               a             a                     t 

'     S.  Rothrock. 

"              " 

1845.        ' 

'    J.  D.  Scheck.            ' 

<     tt          << 

D. 

Barringer,  Esq. 

1846.        < 

'     S.  Rothrock.              ' 

'    J.  B.  Anthony. 

M. 

Barrier,  Esq. 

1847.        ' 

'     "            "                     ' 

'     J.  A.  Linn,  Sr. 

tt       tt 

1848.        ' 

'     J.  B.  Anthony.          ' 

'    W.  G.  Harter. 

a        tt 

1849.        ' 

'     B.  Arey.                     ' 

'    J.  A.  Linn,  Sr. 

a          a 

1850.        ' 

'    W.  G.  Harter. 

'     J.  Crim. 

a          it 

I85I.        ' 

1    J.  A.  Linn,  Sr.     j    ' 

'     W.  G.  Harter. 

a          a 

1852.        ' 

'    William  Artz.        |    < 

'    J.  A.  Linn,  Sr. 

a          a 

(188) 


OFFICERS    OF    SYNOD. 


189 


DATE. 

PRESIDENT. 

SECRETARY. 

TREASURER. 

1853- 

Rev.  J.  A.  Linn,  Sr. 

Rev.  L.  C.  Grosclose. 

M.  Barrier,  Esq. 

1854. 

"     S.  Rothrock. 

"    W.  G.  Barter. 

I855- 

a     ..            11 

"     L.  C.  Groseclose. 

"           "        " 

1856. 

"     Wm.  Gerhardt. 

"     S.  Scherer. 

!<                      II                << 

I857- 

"     L.  C.Groseclose. 

"    D.  I.  Dreher. 

it              a          a 

1858. 

"    J.  A.  Linn,  Sr. 

it             a             a 

a              a          a 

1859. 

"     William  Artz. 

"     J.  S.  Heilig. 

a               a           a 

i860. 

"     S.  Scherer. 

"     D.  I.  Dreher. 

a               a           a 

l86l. 

"    J.  D.  Scheck. 

"    G.  D.  Bernheim. 

11               a           ti 

1862. 

"    D.  I.  Dreher. 

"    J.  A.  Linn,  Sr. 

1863. 

"     G.D.  Bernheim. 

"     L.  A.  Bikle. 

Major   L.  G.  Heilig. 

1864. 

"     J.  Crim. 

"    J.  B.  Anthony. 

"          "            " 

1865. 

"     J.  B.  Anthony. 

"     L.  A.  Bikle. 

M.  Barrier,  Esq. 

1866. 

"     S.  Rothrock. 

"    W.  Kimball. 

Dr.  P.  A.  Seaford. 

1867. 

"     N.  Aldrich. 

"     W.  A.  Julian. 

a          a                 tt 

1868. 

"    L.  A.  Bikle. 

"     N.  Aldrich. 

"          "                  " 

1869. 

"    W.  A.  Julian. 

"    L.  A.  Bikle. 

"          "                 " 

1870. 

"     W.  Kimball. 

"     C.  H.  Bernheim. 

"          "                 " 

187I. 

"     S.  Rothrock. 

"     T.  G.  Neiffer. 

it         a                a 

1872. 

"     W.  H.  Cone. 

"    W.  Kimball. 

Major  L.  G.  Heilig. 

I873- 

"     J.  D.  Bowles. 

"     A.  D.  L.  Moser. 

"          "           " 

1874. 

"     S.  Rothrock. 

"     W.  R.  Ketchie. 

a             a                41 

1875. 

"     "            " 

"     R.  L.  Brown. 

a             a                a 

1876. 

"    L.      A.      Bikle, 
D.  D. 

"    C.  H.  Bernheim. 

Rev.  S.  Rothrock. 

1877. 

"     L.      A.      Bikle, 
D.  D. 

"     W.  Kimball. 

"     "          " 

187S. 

"     G.  D.  Bernheim, 
D.  D. 

"    L.  A.  Bikle,  D.  D. 

ii     11          11 

1879. 

"     L.      A.      Bikle, 
D.  D. 

«    J.  S.  Heilig. 

a      a             a 

1880. 

"     S.  Rothrock. 

"     T.  A.  Linn,  Jr. 

Col.  P.  N.  Heilig. 

1 88l. 

"    V.  R.  Sticklev. 

"    W.  J.  Smith. 

"       "             " 

1882. 

'.'     S.  T.  Hallman. 

"         "         " 

"       "             " 

1883. 

it           a                a 

"    J.  A.  Linn,  Jr. 

"        "             " 

1884. 

"    J.  A.  Linn,  Jr. 

"     T.  S.  Brown. 

ii       11             11 

1885. 

"    W.  A.  Lutz. 

"     B.  S.  Brown. 

"        "             " 

1886. 

"     F.W.  E.  Peschau, 

"     J.  L.  Buck. 

a          a                  a 

1887. 

"  D.D. 

"        "          " 

a          a                  ii 

1 888. 

"          "          "      '< 

"    C.  B.  King. 

11          a                  tt 

1889. 

"          "          "      " 

"       "          " 

a          it                  tt 

1890. 

"    G.  H.  Cox,  D.D. 

"       "          " 

Mr.  I.  F.  Patterson. 

1 891. 

n              11             II          it 

it       a         a 

a     a            a 

1892. 

a           11           11        a 

a          a             tt 

i<     11            11 

1893. 

a           11           11        it 

tt          a             tt 

11      a            11 

1894. 

"     B.  S.  Brown. 

tl          a             u 

11       a                tl 

1895. 

"          "          " 

tt          a             a 

11       11                11  * 

1896. 

"    V.  R.  Sticklev. 

"     M.  G.  G.  Scherer. 

"J.  D.  Heilig. 

1897. 

"    H.  N.  Miller,  Ph.  D. 

11     11         11 

1898. 

"    C.  A.  Rose. 

"    L.  E.  Busby,   D.  D. 

11     ii         11 

1899. 

tt           a              a   * 

a          tt            a                  it 

11     11         <i 

1900. 

"    C.  B.  Miller. 

"     C.  B.  King. 

11     ii         11 

1901. 

(i            a              a 

"        "          " 

11     11         11 

*   Died  in  office. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 


A     TABLE      SHOWING      THE     WORK     OF     THE      BOARD      OF      CHURCH 

EXTENSION. 


892 
893 
894 
895 
896 

897 


900 
901 


Seed  planted  by  St.  Enoch's  Church,  Enochville. 
Amount  reported  as  being  on  hand 


Loaned. 
Amount    loaned     St.     James',     Concord,     to    build    St. 

Andrew's,   Concord $500  00 

Amount  loaned  St.  Matthew's  Mission,  Wilmington,  N.  C.  350  00 

Amount  loaned  Bethany,  Stokes  County,  N.  C 100  00 

Amount  loaned  St.  Mark's,  China  Grove,  N.  C 400  00 

Amount  loaned  Christ's  Church,  Spencer,  N.  C 200  00 

Amount  loaned  Haven,  Chestnut  Hill,  Salisbury,  N.  C .  .  400  00 

(190) 


$7$ 

OO 

98 

21 

284 

95 

398  58 

421 

09 

611 

10 

960 

24 

1095 

00 

1407 

83 

1544  05 

1547 

23 

1823 

33 

1923 

90 

1943 

90 

Returned. 

#500 

OO 

350 

00 

IOO 

00 

200 

00 

CHAPTER  XXIII. 

A  TABLE  SHOWING   THE    STATISTICS    OF    THE  WOMAN'S     HOME    AND 
FOREIGN    MISSIONARY    SOCIETIES. 


Where  Convention  Was  Held. 


1886  St.  James',  Concord 

1S87  St.  Enoch's,  Enochville.  .  .  . 

1888  St.  John's,  Salisbury  ...... 

1889  Holy  Trinity,  Mt.  Pleasant. 

1890  Lutheran  Chapel 

1 89 1  St.  Mark's,  Charlotte 

1892  St.  Peter's,  Rowan 

1893  Union 

1894  Holy  Trinity,  Mt.  Pleasant. 

1 895  Organ 

1896  St.  Enoch's,  Enochville.  .  .  . 

1897  St.  John's,  Salisbury , 

1898  Bethel,  Rowan 

1S99  St.  Mark's,  Charlotte 

1900  Lutheran  Chapel 


14  320  $274  18 
19467  474  18 


17  419 
22552 
22  605 
22  641! 
23727 
27834 
27693 


645  48 
602  37 
740  82 

731  90 
615  23 
796  84 
726  45 


27  900  1062  93 
26851  S60  ^o 


29  967 
29889 
29915 

30  944 


999  34 
875  82, 
816  19 
877  831 


:265  $93   17 

199  86  22 

...  58  91 

1317  i°8  35 

279!  120  34 

l303!  io9  33 


(191) 


THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

NORTH  CAROLINA 


THE  COLLECTION  OF 
NORTH  CAROLINIANA 


CC£84. 
BSEe 


